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    55714 research outputs found

    Development of New Stylosanthes Cultivar for Australia from Naturally Occurring Genotypes

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    The productivity and persistence of Stylosamhes hamata cvs, Verano and Amiga and S. scabra cv. Seca were compared in small swards in 20 dry tropical environments over periods of 2-4 years, For consistently high production Verano and Amiga appear to require tropical environments with \u3e760 mm average annual rainfall even though they survive in regions with 500 mm. Seca is much more widely adapted than S. hamata, being highly productive and drought resistant in tropical and subtropical environments, but will not survive lieavy frosts. The opportunities for further plant improvement through selection within these species is described. However, the most promising opportunities may occur in an unidentified species known here as S. aff. scabra, which combines the desirable agronomic attributes of S. hamata and S, scabra

    Effect of Gliricidia Provenances on the Yield of Soybean and Cassava in an Alley-Cropping System

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    An alley-cropping experiment was carried out for 3 years in a dry land farming area in Bali to study the effect of Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) on soybean and cassava yields. Sixteen provenances of gliricidia were compared, in a completely randomised block design with 6 blocks and 12 plants/provenance. Six of the provenances originated from Mexico (M), 4 from Guatemala (G), I each from Costa Rica (R), Nicaragua (N), Panama (P), Colombia (C), Venezuela (V) and Indonesia (I). Plant spacings were 0.5 m within the alley, with 4 m between alleys. Soybean seeds and cassava sticks were planted between the alley at 1.6 and 1.0 plants/m2 in November in each year of the experiment. Soybean was harvested in March and cassava in July. All gliricidia were lopped periodically and the leaves were spread for green manure. The highest biomass yield of the cassava was when alley cropped with gliricidia provenance M33; the highest biomass yield of the soybean was when alley cropped with C24

    Potential Suitability of Spontaneously Reseeing Stylosanthes spp. for Ley Farming in the Central Chaco of Paraguay

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    Continuously cropped regosols in the semi-arid Central Chaco are deficient in organic matter and prone to wind erosion. Ley-farming with self-regenerating legumes may be a sustainable alternative land use. In a 2-year field trial Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano (V) and a 1: 2 mixture of S. humllis cv. Paterson and S. guianeuis var. intermedia cv. Oxley (P+O) were tested for their: preceding crop values to silage sorghum (S) as compared with continuously cropped S; and potential to recover spontaneously after a reduced tillage intermediate crop of S with weed control (we) or with the voluntary style underseed allowed to grow during the cropping phase (ua). Silage sorghum yielded 4.8, 2.6, (we) and 3.1, l.S, Uha of DM (tia) after V, and P+O, and 4.4 Uha after S. Undersowing Verano at the one-node stage of sorghum did not affect sorghum yield. Second year\u27s voluntary and sown style underseed recovery after sorghum harvest was good for all treatments. Total forage (sorghum plus legume) dry matter yield was highest when V was the preceding crop or sown underseed. It is concluded that V has a real potential to integrate in a short rotation ley farming system with sorghum, provided voluntary underseed in the sorghum crop is controlled. However, competition by P+O for sorghum was unacceptably high, even when checked with a cultivator

    Simplification de la Distribution des Aliments Concentres aux Vaches Laitieres Pendant la Periode de Paturage

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    En vue de remplacer le systeme complique de distribution de concentres selon le niveau de production, la recherche s\u27efforce, ces dernieres annees, de simplifier la distribution de concentres pour le betail laitier. On a examine si une distribution d\u27une quantite egale de concentres a toutes Jes vaches d\u27un groupe en fonction d\u27un niveau de production laitiere preetabli, peut etre un systeme valable pour la periode de paturage. Ce systeme est voisin de la « distribution d\u27une quantite fixe de concentres », aussi appele flat rate feeding , dont la convenance pour la periode de sta­bulation a deja ete demontree plusieurs fois (Revue de Andries et al., 1988)

    Determination of the Number of Paddocks Necessary for the Rotation of Grazing Dairy Cows

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    Great importance in the grassland management has been given to the paddock system, since it allows animal rotation. However, fencing costs must be minimal without affecting ani­mal or pasture performance. Thus, it is necessary to obtain results that can be applied to a wider range of grasslands, tak­ing into consideration that each pasture could show a different performance. The objective of this study was aimed to deter­mine the minimum number of paddocks necessary for grazing dairy cows with pastures of greater and lesser aggressiveness

    Valorisation des Paturages de Haute-Belgique par la Vache Laitiere a Travers Deux Systemes D\u27Exploitation Differents

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    La prairie permanente occupe en Haute-Belgique environ 70 % de la surface agricole: il importe done d\u27en exploiter tou­tes les potentialites. Si le chargement constitue le facteur essen­tiel de la bonne utilisation de l\u27herbe au paturage, les modalites d\u27exploitation jouent egalement un role non negligeable. C\u27est ainsi que le paturage continu intensif est tres attractif aupres des eleveurs en raison de l\u27economie de main-d\u27ceuvre qui en resulte. Des experiences anterieures ont cependant demontre la plus faible productivite en herbe d\u27un tel systeme par rapport au paturage classique en rotation, du fait notamment de la reduction des temps de repos. Dans la pratique, on n\u27enregistre pas une telle diminution des productions au niveau des perfor­mances animales, grace a la faculte qu\u27ont Jes animaux de recol­ter l\u27herbe a un niveau plus ras et peut-etre ainsi grace a un sup­plement de fumure azotee ou de concentres que l\u27eleveur consent a apporter. C\u27est pour preciser ce supplement eventuel, variable selon la charge de betail, qu\u27une experience a ete mise en place pres de Bastogne, sur le plateau ardennais (altitude: 500 m), sur 7,3 ha de vieilles prairies permanentes paturees par des vaches lai tier es

    Paturage de Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc par les Vaches Laitieres

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    Dans le contexte des quotas laitiers, les patures de ray-grass anglais - trefle blanc a faible fumure azotee peuvent etre l\u27une des voies pour maintenir le revenu, dans la mesure ou elles per­mettent des productions laitieres par vache et par hectare pro­ches de celles obtenues sur pature de ray-grass recevant 300 unites d\u27azote par ha et par an. Le programme de recherche mis en place en Bretagne a partir de 1982 sur ce theme s\u27appuie sur un reseau d\u27observations d\u27une centaine de fermes laitieres et sur des essais en station, dont ceux de Trevarez presentes ci­apres

    Comportement du Lama Seul ou en Association Avec Des Brebis sur Prairies Irriguees ou Parcours de Crau

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    L\u27existence de projets d\u27introduction de camelides du genre Lama en zone mediterraneenne fran9aise dans le but de diversi­fier les productions des exploitations d\u27elevage, d\u27une part, et la mise en place d\u27un programme de Recherches sur l\u27alimentation des camelides, d\u27autre part, nous ont conduits a entreprendre une etude sur le comportement du lama au paturage. Nos observations ont porte sur les rythmes d\u27activite alimen­taire et sur Jes relations inter-individuelles d\u27animaux de l\u27espece Lama : lamas paturant seuls ou en melange avec des brebis. Les observations sur lamas seuls ont eu lieu sur prairie irriguee a vegetation dense et sur parcours de coussou a vegetation clairse­mee. Le melange des deux especes a ete etudie sur prairie irriguee uniquement

    Farm Equipment: Method of Reasoning

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    There are two main ways of approaching the study of mech­anisation in agriculture : - by studying particularly the financial expenses, and the solutions that may reduce them. These were made by the« Cen­tres de Gestion » (farm management centers) and the C.U.M.A. (Cooperatives for the use of agricultural equip­ment). - by studying the needs for equipment, as related to the organ­isation of the work (J.M. Attonaty et al., 1987). The following study aims to propose an approach that takes into consideration not only the costs of mechanisation, but also the consequences of work done outside the best periods, on the yield of the crops

    Le Panicum maximum Dans L\u27Association Maraichage- Elevage au Senegal

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    Au Senegal, le cheptel bovin represente encore un capital dont la valeur sociale est importante. Les Peuls, par exemple commercialisent peu d\u27animaux (Jamin et Tourrand, 1986) et l\u27engraissement de ces troupeaux n\u27est pas une priorite. L\u27ani­mal doit se contenter de sa cueillette sur Jes parcours pastoraux. A moins que les eleveurs ne se groupent pour gerer Jes terroirs, l\u27elevage de type traditionnel n\u27evoluera pas de sit6t vers un systeme intensif. Pourtant des systemes d\u27elevage a tendance d\u27intensification existent au Senegal ; on aura pour exemple l\u27engraissement du mouton de Tabaski (fete religieuse), ou le developpement recent d\u27elevages Iaitiers dans Jes zones de maraichage. II est bien evident que l\u27eleveur de grands troupeaux n\u27est pas encore pret a mettre en place des cultures fourrageres et a pro­duire du foin. II faut pour cela un cultivateur ou plut6t, dans le contexte senegalais, un maraicher qui visera deux objectifs grace a !\u27irrigation : - assurer une rotation pour lutter contre Jes nematodes - produire du foin pour Jes eleveurs de moutons. C\u27est dans cette optique que des experimentations ont ete conduites par l\u27Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), avec la collaboration de Luk De Maeyer au Centre pour le Developpement de !\u27Horticulture (CDH)

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