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Knowledge Organization of Discretized Non-Symbolic Fraction and Mathematics Achievement
No full textRational number knowledge is critical in both current and future mathematical success. Despite its importance, there is a gap in understanding regarding how children process quantitative information from discretized non-symbolic fractions when salient surface features interfere with this process. This study examines five research questions aimed at addressing this gap in 3rd to 5th grade children in the US. First, how do children spontaneously organize non-symbolic discretized fractions? Second, does the pattern vary across grade levels? Third, we tested whether math anxiety predicts children’s non-symbolic organization. Fourth, we examined whether the pattern of discretized non-symbolic fraction conceptualization correlates with their conceptualization of symbolic rational numbers. Lastly, we examined whether the ways children organize non-symbolic discretized fractions predicted their math achievement. Our sample consisted primarily of high math-achieving students. The results showed that most children organized non-symbolic fractions based on quantity or surface features, with a higher proportion showing quantitative conceptualization in higher grades. Math anxiety was not related to children’s non-symbolic fraction organization. Non-symbolic fraction organization was significantly correlated with symbolic fraction organization. Quantitative conceptualization of non-symbolic rational numbers was associated with higher math achievement. These findings shed light on how children process the magnitude of discretized fractions and provide insights into the relation among non-symbolic fraction understanding, math achievement, and math anxiety
Commentary on Over-Looked Spaces: Theorizing Surveillance-Care in Reproductive Health
No full textIt was a pleasure to serve as a discussant for the papers presented at the American Anthropological Association panel “Landscapes of Surveillance Care in Reproductive Health” in Seattle in 2022. In this special issue, Powis and Strong have further elaborated on the theoretical and praxis intervention that is surveillance-care, and the collection of articles included here demonstrates the analytical utility and flexibility of this novel concept. In this commentary, I highlight the dimensions of surveillance-care that I find the most productive and provocative, and further detail how the points of connection among the articles showcase the rich potential of this concept to deepen our understanding of the complex negotiations and care-giving associated with the reproductive health
Ubuntu in Namibia and Kenya: How Emerging Adults Live an Essential African Value Today
Get PDFPsychology in Africa often relies on Euro-American theories, despite their limitations in African cultures. Here, a shift to an Afrocentric perspective was made by exploring Ubuntu in two sub-Saharan African countries using a cultural-developmental psychology approach for in-depth emic understanding. Ubuntu (also known as botho, etc.) is a moral ideal that at core means placing a higher importance on the community than on oneself. Most literature on this important African concept has been theoretical rather than empirical, and little is known about how well it describes contemporary worldviews and experiences of emerging adults. In this interview study, Namibian and Kenyan emerging adults (ages 18–20 years, N = 23) shared their views on, identification with, and behaviors shaped by Ubuntu values. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop four themes that convey the advantages and disadvantages described: I am because I am connected; Together we do better; Following and passing on traditions; and Costs of community—freeloaders and restrictions. Findings support the theoretical literature on Ubuntu while contributing the voices of a new generation, coming of age into a mix of tradition and globalization. Participants identified strongly with Ubuntu values and practiced them in old and new ways. They also sometimes desired more autonomy in the realms of education and spirituality. This empirical study on Ubuntu offers insights into the lived experience of a philosophy and values of ongoing importance in the African region and sets the stage for a research agenda to integrate this important construct into cross-cultural psychology
“There may be a genetic tendency …”: How adoptive parents understand and communicate about substance use and risk behaviors with their adolescent children
No full textFor adoptive parents, evaluating their children\u27s potential for risk-taking behaviors, such as substance use, may be complicated by both known and unknown elements of their children\u27s background, which may impact their children\u27s risk profile. Grounded in a framework that integrates concepts of uncertainty management and communicative openness, this study explores how 68 adoptive parents (25 lesbian mothers, 20 gay fathers, and 23 heterosexual parents) understand, and communicate with their early adolescent children about, such risks. Our qualitative analysis revealed that parents’ concerns related to their children\u27s substance abuse potential were often grounded in awareness of genetic risk factors and prenatal substance exposure, as well as their children\u27s mental health challenges and adoption-related loss. Parents articulated a variety of ways that they addressed risk-taking with their children, which ranged from instructive and information-focused to supportive approaches. Findings highlight how adoptive parents balance honesty about risks with fostering their children\u27s self-esteem and positive identity development. This study illuminates the complexities of adoptive parenting in terms of managing uncertainty and promoting adolescent well-being, and underscores the role of open and ongoing communication and emotional attunement in navigating these challenges
Men\u27s victimization from women partners and their help seeking: An example from Uganda
No full textThere is a growing interest among researchers in examining the experiences of men who have sustained intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. However, relatively less attention has been given to African men who have been victimized by women partners. Emerging research suggests that IPV is a problem for this group and that contrary to public perception, women do perpetrate IPV against their male partners. This chapter takes the example of Ugandan men and presents a discussion of their experiences with IPV. Ugandan men report enduring verbal abuse and physical violence from their partners, with verbal abuse being the most commonly reported. These experiences are associated with feelings of shame and powerlessness for men, who tend to cope in unhealthy ways, such as through substance abuse. Like other African men who have been victimized, Ugandan men may also cope through finding comfort in religion. They are often reluctant to disclose their victimization or to seek support due to fear of being shamed for deviating from societal expectations related to masculinity. Additionally, there are structural barriers to Ugandan men\u27s help seeking, such as limited resources in place to support men who have sustained IPV. Recommendations for future research and policy are discussed
“Shouldn’t I Know If I Want to Have Kids or Not?”: Established Adult Women’s Reproductive Decision Making
No full textAn upward trend in age at first birth (OECD. 2019), accompanied by a decline in overall birth rates (Hamilton et al., National Center for Health Statistics, 2021), highlights the importance of better understanding the reproductive decision making of established adults (ages 30–45). To this end, we qualitatively interviewed 17 cisgender US established adult women who had not had children to gain a better understanding of influences on and feelings about reproductive decision making. Participants described external influences, including age, parental pressure, and societal pressure. Participants also described reasons to forgo or delay reproduction, including feeling prepared, having the freedom to pursue their own interests, and concerns about the environmental impact of reproducing. Finally, participants shared emotional responses to reproductive decision making, describing anxiety and ambivalence, and concerns about not having children. Taken together, our results highlight the complexities of reproductive decision making for established adult women. Better understanding established adult women’s reproductive decision making can encourage and inform policy and therapeutic interventions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025
A multi-scale approach for integrating species distribution models with landscape connectivity to identify critical linkage zones for African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Get PDFThe populations of African savanna elephants have declined by an estimated 60 % since the 1970s, which can be attributed to a mixture of poaching and habitat loss. Human activities and environmental changes have caused unprecedented loss and fragmentation of elephant natural habitats, resulting in the isolation of elephant populations. Preserving habitat connectivity is thus increasingly important to conserve remaining elephants\u27 populations and maintain ecological functions. A major challenge in large-scale connectivity modeling is data availability constraints. To tackle this issue, we developed an integrated modeling approach that leverages multiple, publicly available occurrence datasets, which vary in format and quality, with a multi-scale SDM to estimate spatial suitability of African savanna elephants. Two SDMs, based on polygon-based observations and presence-only occurrences, were separately calibrated using the Isolation Forest algorithm and then ensembled using Bayes fusion. Particularly, we included multiple landscape metrics derived from a high-resolution (∼5 m) land cover map as environmental predictors in the SDMs to characterize the landscape structure influencing elephant movement. The resulting environmental suitability was then used to map landscape connectivity through circuit theory, implemented in Circuitscape. Using species distribution modeling (SDM) and graph-based landscape connectivity modeling, we aimed to understand population connectivity and target vital corridors across Tanzania, one of the most important elephant range states. Shapley value-based variable analysis in SDM revealed that human modifications strongly influence elephant distribution at broad scales, while habitat fragmentation and connectivity impact their activities. Connectivity results further highlighted that both long- and short-distance connectivity are currently facing significant threats from intensive human activities (e.g., agriculture) in Tanzania and identified critical linkage zones that should be targeted for connectivity conservation efforts. © 2025 The Author(s
Using the Voodoo Doll Task to Explore Predictors of Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence: An Experimental Design
No full textBackground: Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration by women is a largely understudied and complex phenomenon. Aims/Purpose: Informed by the I3 Theory of Violence (Finkel, 2008), the current experimental study explored how an impelling force (emotion dysregulation), instigating factor (provocation from partner), and disinhibiting factor (cognitive depletion that mimics effect of alcohol) may interact to increase risk for aggressive behavior in women. Methods: Study participants were recruited and screened online via Prolific. Eligible participants were invited to complete the online experimental study, which included completion of self-report measures, a cognitive depletion manipulation, a vignette manipulation, and the Voodoo Doll Task (DeWall et al., 2013), which is a behavioral measure of aggression. The current analysis included 221 participants. Results: Zero-inflated Poisson regression results revealed that a significant two-way interaction between cognitive depletion and emotion dysregulation predicted the probability of inserting at least one pin in the voodoo doll; a significant three-way interaction between all three factors predicted the number of pins inserted, such that co-occurring emotion dysregulation, provocation, and cognitive depletion was related to the greatest number of inserted pins. Conclusions: Our findings provide partial support for the I3 theory of violence in the current sample of women with a history of IPV perpetration and alcohol use. Findings indicate that when women with emotion dysregulation difficulties experience both instigation and cognitive depletion they are at greater risk of severe violence perpetration. Further exploration of the nuanced interaction effects will be discussed alongside implications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025
Three students collect arrows from target, 1951
No full textThree Clark University students collect arrows from a target.
All photographs in this collection were digitized between 2022 and 2023.
The photographs in this collection are part of the Photographs and Media record group of Clark University’s Archives & Special Collections.https://commons.clarku.edu/archeryphotos/1001/thumbnail.jp
Baseball player slides into a base, circa 1960s
No full textA Clark University baseball player slides into base, circa 1960s.
All photographs in this collection were digitized between 2022 and 2023. The photographs in this collection are part of the Photographs and Media record group of Clark University’s Archives & Special Collections.https://commons.clarku.edu/baseball/1031/thumbnail.jp