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Universal Basic Income in the United States
No full textTechnological advances in digitalization and automation have begun to change the labor market in the United States. Automation is expected to replace a percentage of low and middle-income jobs in the United States. The changes in the labor market are predicted to result in job loss and displacement, increased inequality, and lower consumer demand. The social insurance programs currently employed in the United States are ill equipped to handle the changes in the labor market. This paper examines the effects of replacing unemployment benefits currently funded by states with a federally funded universal basic income. Existing and proposed basic income trials were examined to determine the effects on inequality. A universal basic income was also analyzed in both a labor market model and aggregate demand – aggregate supply model in order to determine the effect on wages and consumer demand. The research has indicated that the implementation of a basic income would raise wages as a result of increased bargaining power, lower inequality, and secure consumer purchasing power in the face of labor insecurity
Pricing in the Coffee Industry: An Econometric Model of Prices to Growers
No full textAbstract: This paper examines the relationship between the price in the global commodity market for coffee and the prices growers receive at farmgate level. A dataset containing pricing information for fifteen producing countries is used to help explain the role of world prices and retail prices in determining the prices growers receive. A fixed effects regression model is used conduct a hypothesis test on the significance of global coffee prices. Global coffee market prices and average worldwide retail prices are shown to have a significant effect on farmgate prices for farmers. Potential implications of this linkage in the coffee sector are also addressed
Transforming Students Through Geometric Transformations
No full textIt is a common saying among teachers that the hardest grades to teach are middle school. Beginning January 3rd, 2018, I was placed in an eighth-grade mathematics classroom for student teaching with the mindset that I was going to tackle this challenge head-on. I started the experience enthusiastic and ready to teach my students with exciting and engaging lessons. Unfortunately, I soon found that many students have low self-esteem, low self-confidence and they lack the necessary perseverance needed to complete challenging assignments and to be successful in math. It quickly became apparent why people say middle school is the hardest to teach.
This work is a collection of all of the pieces of my EdTPA, a performance-based, subject-specific assessment system used to measure the knowledge and skills of students in teacher preparation programs. The lessons that I created for this work focus on geometric transformations including translations, reflections, and rotations of an image. Each lesson was created with the hope that it would engage students, challenge them to have more perseverance and increase their self-confidence. This work includes the reasoning behind each lesson, a reflection on how it was implemented and the final results
Education, Support, and Results for Wyoming Participants in the Citizen CATE (Continental-America Telescopic Eclipse) Experiment
No full textThroughout the spring and summer of 2017, the Citizen CATE (Continental- America Telescopic Eclipse) Experiment was active in Wyoming and across the contiguous United States, with the goal of achieving an unbroken line of citizen- operated telescopes and cameras along the path of totality for the August eclipse. Eleven sites were active in Wyoming, composed of teachers, students, amateur and professional astronomers, and interested members of the community. In two large educational sessions, as well as several localized practice events, these groups were trained to use the telescopes and cameras provided for them. Working closely with the National Solar Observatory, a team out of the University of Wyoming helped to educate the Wyoming CATE teams, as well as follow through with them to gather numerous practice data sets and update their equipment whenever necessary over the course of that summer. All teams were successfully able to gather data during the eclipse on August 21st, 2017, and submitted their images to be compiled into a larger, 90-minute film of the entirety of totality. Scientists at the NSO are continuing to assemble the video, with the goal of having the film completed by late 2018 or early 2019
Bilingual Attitudes towards English-Spanish Code-Switching in Wyoming
No full textThis study investigates the perceptions and attitudes that bilinguals hold towards Spanish-English code-switching in Wyoming. ¨Code-switching is the alternation of two languages in a single discourse, sentence or constituent¨ (Poplack, 1980). Many studies including, Hidalgo (1988), Toribio (2002), Parama, Kreiner, Stark, Schuetz (2017), and others have researched the sociolinguistic attitudes towards code-switching. This study will focus on sociolinguistic attitudes as well, by looking at the general sentiment towards code-switching between English and Spanish in a rural area. It is hypothesized that subjects will hold a similar attitude towards code-switching as shown in the studies mentioned, a dislike of the sound and use of switching between languages in a single turn of speaking. Attitudes and perceptions are evaluated by a questionnaire that each subject fills out. Their attitudes are rated on a five point Likert scale. The purpose is to discover if a less populated place with a smaller Hispanic population, like Wyoming, will show negative attitudes or will rather align with a more favorable view, despite a low amount of linguistic contact (Escobar y Potowski, 2015) and Hispanic population. Results will also show how the sentiments have extended or have changed from 1988 to 2018 based on findings from Hidalgo (1988). Results showed a generally positive attitude in Wyoming that contradicts with previous studies
Better a Familiar Evil than an Unfamiliar Blessing: Contra Peasantry in Nicaragua 1979-90
No full textAlthough the Contras exhibited appalling human rights violations while accepting hefty sums of money, weapons, logistical support, and U.S. man-power, much literature has succinctly removed any possibility for further analysis as to who the Contras were. It is the objective of this paper to break through this fairly inattentive, dwindling research and delve into the multifaceted, understudied topic of rural peasantry within the Contra conflict, 1979-90. When factoring that peasants constituted the bulk of foot-soldiers in the Contra ranks, their foundation was much more complex than initially understood. Underrepresented and reasonably voiceless in Nicaragua, rural peasants linked together in mass, joining the Contras out of government repression, a mandatory military draft, and agrarian reforms that challenged traditional ways of life. In one-on-one interviews with peasants, reasons for joining reflected familial and community propensities. Studying the peasantry also revealed subtle, overlooked variables in why the Contras were unable to provoke mass change in Nicaragua through a decade of strife. Through the use of interviews, economic data, polling, and newspaper articles, I offer an alternative explanation for the Contra’s failure. The Contra’s image was unable to unify a country filled with disconnectedness between urban and rural. In addition, few battles or saboteur acts ever crossed over into highly populated municipalities, leaving the majority of the population with limited, highly vetted information from the Nicaraguan government. By no means a comprehensive study, this paper attempts to draw a gap in the research for myself and others to re-activate historical discussion
