Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
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Effects of hybrid composition of LCP and glass fibres on abrasive wear of reinforced LLDPE
No full textThe hybrid of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) fibres and glass fibres (GF) provide a combination of modulus and toughness to semi-crystalline linear-low-density-polyethylene (LLDPE). LCP and GF fibres reinforced composites were studied using two-body abrasion tester under different applied loads. Two sets of fibre reinforced LLDPE, 10 and 20 vol%, were investigated. The contents of LCP and glass fibres were varied as 25, 50, 75 and 100 vol% of overall volume of fibres in LLDPE. The effect of replacing glass fibre with LCP fibre on wear is reported. Wear loss increased with the applied loads and glass fibre contents in LLDPE. The replacements of glass fibres with LCP fibres improved abrasive wear resistance of composite. The composite containing 20 vol% of glass fibres in LLDPE showed the specific wear rate nearly double to that of LCP fibre\ud
reinforced LLDPE. Incorporation of LCP fibre improved wear resistance of glass fibre reinforced LLDPE. Worn surfaces were studied using SEM. Glass fibres were broken in small debris and removed easily whereas LCP fibres yielded to fibrillation during abrasive action. The overall wear rate was governed by the composition and test condition
Energy efficient process for making pyrophyllite-based ceramic tiles using phosphoric acid and mineralizers.
No full textThe processing parameters for making ceramic tiles in the pyrophyllite–phosphoric acid binder (P–PA) system have been optimized. The optimized raw material composition requires sintering at a lower temperature of 950 °C. The X-ray powder diffraction studies on the powdered sample of optimized composition have confirmed the presence of dehydroxylate pyrophyllite, tridymite (T-AlPO4), cristyoballite (C-AlPO4) forms of aluminium phosphate and formation of silico-phosphate (SiP2O7) and alkali aluminium silicates (NaAlSiO4, KAlSi3O8). The IR studies of the sample show Al–O, Si–O·P–O and Na/K–O linkages. The thermal analysis shows the formation of dehydroxylate pyrophyllite and different forms of AlPO4. Scanning electron microphotograph reveals the chunky morphology of the dehydroxylate pyrophyllite, the rhombohedral morphology of T-AlPO4 and spherical C-AlPO4 and silico-phosphate particles
FEM modeling of the interface and its effect on the elastio-plastic behavior of metal matrix composites
No full textThe interface in a metal matrix composite (MMC) is modeled using finite element method (FEM) to study the deformation behavior of MMCs as a function of interface characteristics such as the interface stiffness and thickness as well as the volume fraction of the reinforcing phase. The interface is modeled as a thin layer of artificial material. The thickness and the modulus of the artificial material are varied as a means to vary the extent of coherency between the matrix and the particles. The effective modulus of MMCs is not significantly altered by the interface modulus as long as it is above ∼25% of the stiffness of the matrix. However, for values below ∼25%, the effective modulus of MMCs is reduced significantly. This effect is seen for a range of volume fraction of the reinforcing phase falling between 5 and 40%. The effect of the interface modulus is noted to be more significant for higher volume fractions of particles and wider spread of the interface. The simulated flow curves are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental ones
Development of water split model for a 76 mm hydrocyclone
No full textMany correlations have been developed between water split (ratio of water reporting through underflow and overflow) and process as well as design variables in a hydrocyclone. However, majority of them use cone ratio (ratio of spigot and vortex finder diameter) as one of the variables. In this article, it is explained why the use of cone ratio as a model parameter may sometimes be misleading. An attempt has, therefore, been made to develop an improved correlation to predict water split in a hydrocyclone using spigot diameter and vortex finder diameter as individual variables. Feed pressure has also been used as a model parameter. The model has been developed based on regression analyses of systematic data generated and has been validated with random experimental data
Hazardous Jarosite use in advance non-hazardous product for engineering application.
No full textJarosite released from zinc metal extraction process is hazardous in nature and its world wide disposal has become a major environmental concern. In this study, an attempt has been made to immobilise and recycle the jarosite released from Hindustan Zinc Limited, India, using CCRs, so called fly ash, and clay soil. Results revealed that the particle size of jarosite was finer than that of CCRs and had higher porosity and water holding capacity due to fine textured materials resulting in high surface area (10,496.18 +/- 30.90 cm(2)/g). Jarosite contain higher concentration of toxic elements (lead, zinc, sulphur, cadmium, chromium and copper) than that of CCRs. Concentrations of radionuclides such as (226)Ra, (40)K and (228)Ac in jarosite found less than in CCRs are similar to that of soil. Statistically designed experiments on solidified/stabilised (s/s) sintered jarosite--CCRs products confirmed that the compressive strength of jarosite bricks reached as high as 140 kg/cm2 with 14.5% water absorption capacity at the combination of 3:1 ratio of jarosite and clay, respectively, but, concentrations of all the toxic elements recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)--Toxicity Leachate Characteristics Procedure (TCLP) standard are not within the permissible limits. However, it is confirmed that the toxic elements leaching potentials of s/s-sintered products developed using 2:1 jarosite clay ratio with 15% CCRs comply with the USEPA-TCLP limits and also meet the quality for engineering applications
Effect of coupling agent on abrasive wear behaviour of chopped jute fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites.
No full textIn this paper, studies have been conducted to investigate the abrasive wear behaviour of jute fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites. Effect of addition of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MA-g-PP)-coupling agent by two different approach, sliding distance and load on abrasive wear performance of jute fibre–PP composites has been determined by using a SUGA abrasion tester. Use of coupling agent gives better wear resistance as compared to without the use of coupling agent. It has also been found that addition of MA-g-PP coupling agent during melt mixing gives better wear resistance as compared to the jute PP composites having MA-g-PP solution-treated jute fibres, which has been explained on the basis of highest thermal stability of jute–PP Composite having melt-mixed MA-g-PP. Abrasive wear performance of the composites has been explained with the help of surface microstructures of worn surfaces
High abrasive wear response of diamond reinforced composite coating:a factorial design approach
No full textA factorial design approach technique was adopted to understand the high stress abrasive behaviour of a diamond reinforced composite coating for various compositions at different loads and abrasive sizes. A linear regression equation was developed and used for understanding the influence of the diamond concentration, applied load, and abrasive sizes on the wear response. A negative value of the coefficient associated with diamond concentration, together with its interactions with the applied load; suggest that the wear rate decreases with increasing diamond concentration. By contrast, a positive coefficient suggests an increase in wear rate due to an increase in related factors such as the applied load and abrasive size. The coefficients associated with the interactions of the parameters are insignificant by comparison with the individual parameters, thereby demonstrating that the interaction effect of these parameters towards the wear rate is insignificant. The wear rate may be extracted in terms of the diamond concentration, the applied load and the abrasive grit size using the above linear regression equation
Modeling of Flowing Film Concentrators - Part 1. Water Split Behaviour.
No full textA large number of mineral processing equipment employs the basic principles of gravity concentration in a flowing fluid of a few millimetres thick in small open channels where the particles are distributed along the flow height based on their physical properties and the fluid flow characteristics. Fluid flow behaviour and slurry transportation characteristics in open channels have been the research topic for many years in many engineering disciplines. However, the open channels used in the mineral processing industries are different in terms of the size of the channel and the flow velocity used. Understanding of water split behaviour is, therefore, essential in modeling flowing film concentrators. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model the water split behaviour in an inclined open rectangular channel, resembling the actual size and the flow velocity used by the mineral processing industries, based on the Prandtl's mixing length approach. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
