Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
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Investigation into Sliding Wear Performance of Zinc-Based Alloy Reinforced with SiC Particles in Dry and Lubricated Conditions.
No full textThe objective of the present investigation was to assess the influence of SiC particle dispersion in the alloy matrix, applied load, and the presence of oil and oil plus graphite lubricants on the wear behaviour of a zinc-based alloy. Sliding wear performance of the zinc-based alloy and its composite containing SiC particles has been investigated in dry and lubricated conditions. Base oil or mixtures of the base oil with different percentages of graphite were used for creating the lubricated conditions. Results show a large improvement in wear resistance of the zinc-based alloy after\ud
reinforcement with SiC particles. The lubrication improved the wear resistance and friction behaviour of both the reinforced and base alloys. It was also observed that there exists an optimum concentration of graphite particles in the lubricant mixture that leads to the best wear performance.\ud
The composite experienced higher frictional heating and friction coefficient than the matrix alloy in all the cases except oil lubricated conditions; a mixed trend was noticed in the latter case. The wear rate and frictional heating increased with load while friction coefficient was affected in an opposite manner. Test duration influenced the frictional heating and friction coefficient of the samples in a mixed manner. Examination of worn surfaces revealed a change of predominating wear mechanisms from severe ploughing and/or abrasive wear for base alloy to delamination wear for the reinforced material under dry sliding conditions. The presence of the lubricant increased the contribution of adhesive wear component while reducing the severity of abrasion. This was attributed to the generation of more stable lubricant films on the contacting surfaces. Cross-sections of worn surfaces indicated substantial wear-induced plastic deformation, thereby suggesting adhesive wear to be a predominant wear mechanism in this study. The debris particles revealed deformed flakes and machining chips signifying the involvement of\ud
adhesion and abrasion modes of wear respectively
Role of polyvinyl alcohol in the conductivity behaviour of polyethylene glycol-based composite gel electrolytes
No full textAn attempt has been made in the present work to combine gel and composite polymer electrolyte routes together to form a composite polymeric gel electrolyte that is expected to possess high ionic conductivity with good mechanical integrity. Polyethylene\ glycol (PEG) based composite gel electrolytes using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as guest polymer have been synthesized with 1 molar solution of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and electrically characterized. The ionic conductivity\ud
measurements indicate that PEG:PVA:NH4SCN-based composite gel electrolytes are superior (σmax = 5.7×10 −2 S cm\ud
−1) to pristine electrolytes (PEG :NH4SCN system) and\ud
conductivity variation with filler concentration remains within an order of magnitude. The observed conductivity maxima have been correlated to PEG:PVA:NH4SCN- and\ud
PVA:NH4SCN-type complexes. Temperature dependence of conductivity profiles exhibits Arrhenius behaviour in low temperature regime followed by VTF character at higher\ud
temperature. Keywords. Polymer blend; gel
Schorl: A novel catalyst in mineral-catalyzed Fenton-like system for dyeing wastewater discoloration
No full textMineral-catalyzed Fenton-like system has been found to be effective for the discoloration of dyeing wastewater. In our present study, schorl has been successfully developed as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for discoloration of an active commercial dye, Argazol blue (BF-BR), in an aqueous solution. Through a number of batch discoloration experiments under various conditions, it was found that the reactivity of the system increased by, respectively, increasing schorl dosage, temperature, hydrogen peroxide\ud
starting concentration and by decreasing the pH. At the condition of pH 2, T=55◦C, [BF-BR]0 = 200 mg/L, [H2O2]0 = 48.5 mmol/L and schorl dosage = 10 g/L, 100% of discoloration ratio can be achieved in less than 4 min, and 72% of total organic carbon (TOC) can be removed in less than 200 min. The reaction kinetics analysis shows that the discoloration of BF-BR follows the first-order kinetics. The schorl samples after BF-BR discoloration was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy\ud
(FT-IR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results rule out the possibility of formation of new solid phases during BF-BR discoloration. The content of Fe ion leaching in the solution was also measured using inductively coupling plasma-atomic emission spectra (ICP-AES). A mechanism proposed herein indicates adsorption and Fenton-like reaction (heterogeneous and homogeneous) are responsible for the discoloration of BF-B
Selecting an area for technological intervention in the rural sector in India
No full textRural India is blessed with natural resources and fertile land. In addition, there is an abundance of manpower required for implementing ideas in this sector; also, there exists certain skill and infrastructure also. Keeping the above in mind and with an intention of applying technology to improve the financial condition of the villagers, areas, which may prove beneficial, need to be chosen. The area of intervention should in the first place be need based and the required raw material needed should be available locally. The technology intended can be either resource based, skill based or pertaining to the service sector. The present paper deals with the methodology, which may be adopted, in selecting the required technological intervention from amongst the demands of the local people based on the raw material, skill, infrastructure, etc
On the Moduli of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foam
No full textThe study investigates the behavior open cell aluminum foam in scenarios applicable to \ud
potential use in structural applications. Foam behavior was examined through mechanical \ud
testing, computer modeling and analytic expressions. Existing assumptions about the \ud
elastic properties of foam were expanded to include contributions of axial and shear \ud
deformations and expressions were rewritten in terms of the axial and bending stiffness \ud
ratios of ligaments. Compressive and tensile tests were performed to gain a measure of \ud
the elastic properties of foams for different porosities and 6-8% defined relative density, \ud
as well as the behavior and failure mechanisms in both loading conditions. Fatigue tests \ud
were performed on open cell foam samples to determine the strain to fatigue life \ud
relationship for the material at high applied strain amplitudes. Finally, finite element \ud
models were created in ADINA for both ordered and random networks. The changes in \ud
elastic properties due to relative density, defined by ligament geometry, cell anisotropy \ud
and joint connectivity were measured for ordered networks, while irregular, random \ud
networks were used to investigate the forces developed within ligaments. Conclusions \ud
from this study provide insight on the behavior of open cell foam and promote further \ud
research in an effort to determine the viability of structural use of the materia
Removal of Heavy Metals Using Hybrid Precursor Prepared from Agro Residue (Rice Husk)
No full textRice husk is an abundantly available waste material in all rice producing countries. In certain regions this low value agricultural by product is used as a fuel for parboiling paddy in rice mills, it produced 13-15MJ/kg of energy. The partially burned rice husk in turn contributes to more environmental pollution. This rice husk contains nearly 20 percent silica, can be made into adsorbent material, which is used, in environmental remediation. Developed countries have accepted and followed the concept of “no waste” and all such materials are termed as “new resources” for new material development through value addition. In the present study hybrid precursor, which contains both carbon and silicon, used for the removal of heavy toxic metals, such as lead, copper and zinc present in wastewater .The efficiency of the hybrid precursor in the removal of heavy metals is approximately 90%
2 Assessing Direct Benefit-Cost Ratio of Watershed Treatment in Private Land: A case Study from dry districts of Karnataka
No full textUtilization and value addition of copper tailing as an extender for developent of paints.
No full textThe present study deals with characterization of copper tailing waste, test for possibilities of hazards and its potential reuse as an extender in paints. The waste is a siliceous material containing aluminum oxide, iron oxide and sulphate in significant concentrations. In the primary stage waste is acidic in nature, which makes it unsuitable for paint. This acidity is removed from the waste by simple sieving and grinding. The prepared mass was characterized for basic properties of an extender like oil absorption, specific gravity, pH, etc. Toxicity studies were also conducted in term of leaching of heavy metals by standard techniques (USEPA using TCLP). Properties of the prepared paint's film in terms of hardness, adhesion, resistance to abrasion, resistance to impact, resistance to corrosion (under humidity and salt fog), etc. were evaluated and compared with a similar formulation of conventional extender and found satisfactory. Results from the experiments indicated that developed extender is environmentally clean and cost-effective
Allelopathic effect of Parthenium hysterophorus on the chlorophyll, nitrogen, protein and ascorbic acid content of lantana camara.
No full text\ud
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Alleopathic effects of parthenium hysterophorus on the chlorophyll, Nitrogen, Protein and ascorbic acid \ud
content of Lantana Camara Alleopathy Journal \ud
15 (2):305-310 \ud
\ud
(2005), 0.68