Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute
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Fatigue life prediction analysis of surface cracked straight pipes
No full textIn piping components, for the stability assessment it is important to calculate the point of initiation of the crack and to monitor the subsequent crack propagation behaviour. The objective of this paper is to use the finite element method backed up with experimental results to determine\ud
the crack initiation stage and to subsequently predict the crack propagation behaviour under fatigue loading. With reference to full scale surface cracked carbon steel pipes tested data, the accuracy of the numerical procedure is judged. It is concluded that semi-elliptical SIFs solutions\ud
should not be used to assess the fatigue life when straight pipe is having constant depth crack profil
`Schorl : A novel catalyst in mineral –catalyzed Fenton-like system for dyeing wastewater discoloration’
No full textMineral-catalyzed Fenton-like system has been found to be effective for the discoloration of dyeing wastewater. In our present study, schorl has been successfully developed as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for discoloration of an active commercial dye, Argazol blue (BF-BR), in an aqueous solution. Through a number of batch discoloration experiments under various conditions, it was found that the reactivity of the system increased by, respectively, increasing schorl dosage, temperature, hydrogen peroxide starting concentration and by decreasing the pH. At the condition of pH 2, T=55 degrees C, [BF-BR](0)=200mg/L, [H(2)O(2)](0)=48.5 mmol/L and schorl dosage=10 g/L, 100% of discoloration ratio can be achieved in less than 4 min, and 72% of total organic carbon (TOC) can be removed in less than 200 min. The reaction kinetics analysis shows that the discoloration of BF-BR follows the first-order kinetics. The schorl samples after BF-BR discoloration was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results rule out the possibility of formation of new solid phases during BF-BR discoloration. The content of Fe ion leaching in the solution was also measured using inductively coupling plasma-atomic emission spectra (ICP-AES). A mechanism proposed herein indicates adsorption and Fenton-like reaction (heterogeneous and homogeneous) are responsible for the discoloration of BF-BR
Assessing the recycling potential of glass fibre reinforced plastic waste in concrete\ud and cement composites
No full textAt present glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) waste recycling worldwide is very limited due to its intrinsic\ud
thermoset properties, lack of characterisation data and non availability of viable recycling and recovery\ud
routes. In the present study, efforts were made to recycle GRP waste powder and fibre in concrete and\ud
cement composites and assess its quality to comply with the British standards for use in construction\ud
applications. Results revealed that the mean compressive strength of concrete composites using 5%–50%\ud
GRP waste powder under water curing varied from 37 N/mm2 to 19 N/mm2. Increase in the concentration\ud
of GRP waste decreased the compressive strength. However, increase in curing duration (14–180 days)\ud
resulted in improving the compressive strength of concrete with 5% GRP application to 45.75 N/mm2.\ud
Moreover, the density of concrete with 50% GRP waste was reduced by about 12% as compared to the\ud
control sample. The bending strength in terms of modules of rupture (MOR) of 12 mm thickness cement\ud
composites developed using 5% GRP waste fibre attained 16.5 N/mm2. The findings of this work pave the\ud
way for further GRP waste recycling in precast construction products for use in various application
Effect of Sintering Atmosphere on the Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Sol-Gel Alumina-Coated Mild Steel Surface
No full textSol-gel boehmite coating has been applied on mild steel substrate and sintered in inert (nitrogen) and oxygen atmospheres at 400°C to obtain a crack-free and dense lumina coating. Thereafter, its corrosion and wear resistance properties were evaluated under different exposure conditions. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of the boehmite gel sintered in the above-mentioned atmospheres identified the presence of residual organic precursors in the gel. Microstructure and phase analyses of the sol-gel-coated surfaces were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, respectively. XRD analysis confirms the presence of alumina phase on the sol-gel-coated surfaces. Traces of organic groups in the gel sintered at 400°C in both of the atmospheres were noticed by FTIR analysis. Solgel-\ud
coated specimens sintered in a nitrogen atmosphere have\ud
shown a somewhat better corrosion resistance in 3.5% sodium\ud
chloride (NaCl) as compared to specimens sintered in an oxygen atmosphere. Similarly, an improved wear resistance was measured for the sol-gel-coated specimens sintered in the nitrogen atmospher
A novel process for making radiopaque materials using bauxite—Red mud
No full textRed mud, which is an aluminum industry waste, has been utilized1 for making X-ray radiation-shielding materials. A novel method for making radiation shielding materials utilizing red mud and barium compound has been developed by ceramic processing route using phosphate bonding. The red mud based shielding materials (RMSM) are characterized for their X-ray attenuation characteristics. The shielding, i.e. half value thickness (HVT) for different energies of X-ray photons for RMSM have been computed and compared with conventionally used shielding materials namely concrete and lead, it is found that the (HVT) of the red mud based shielding materials, in comparison to concrete, is significantly very less for the various energies of X-ray photons. The X-ray powder diffraction studies confirmed the presence of celsian, bafertiste and iron titanium oxide as the major shielding phases in the RMSM. Scanning electron microphotographs have revealed the compacted and continued integrated morphological characteristics of the various\ud
shielding phases in the matrix of shielding materials. The mechanical properties namely compressive strength and impact strength evaluation test showed that RMSM meets the standard specifications laid down for radiation shielding concrete and ceramic tiles. Based on the above studies, it is found that RMSM, can preferably be used for the construction of X-ray diagnostic and CT scanner room to provide adequate shielding again
Influence of SiC Particle Addition on the Corrosion Behaviour of 2014 Al-Cu Alloy in 3.5% NaCl Solution
No full textThe influence of silicon carbide particles (SiCp) addition on the corrosion behavior of Al–Cu alloy (2014) was evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution at 30 °C using microstrucural and electrochemical measurements. Addition of 10 wt.% SiCp to the base alloy is found to increase its corrosion resistance considerably. Incorporation of SiCp beyond this proportion leads to an increase in corrosion rate of the synthesized composites. Addition of 25 wt.% SiCp to base alloy decreases corrosion resistances considerably. Microstructural studies reveal the agglomeration of SiC particles in the composites. This results an increase of corrosion reaction with the increase of SiC particles in the composites. EIS measurement indicates the occurrence of adsorption/diffusion phenomena at the interfaces of the composites that ultimately initiate the localized or pitting corrosion
Development, Dielectric and Thermal Studies on HAF Carbon Filled Polyester Gradient Composites
No full textIn this study, high abrasion furnace carbon having particle size 28—36 nm has been incorporated in unsaturated polyester resin to develop gradient composites. Dielectric measurements have been conducted on the graded composites by using a LCR meter. Effect of temperature and frequency variation on dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and on a. c. conductivity (σa.c.) of the samples have been determined. Dielectric measurements have been performed in the temperature range from 30°C to 150°C and in the frequency range 1—10 kHz. Dielectric constant increases gradually with the increase of filler content in the direction of centrifugal force, which shows the existence of gradient structure in the composite. This is confirmed based on the microstructures observed at different positions in the graded composites. On increase of frequency, reduction in dielectric constant in carbon-filled polyester composites has been formed. Dielectric constant and a.c. conductivity increased with increase in temperature. ε′ variation with temperature shows a plateau which shifts from 145°C to 125°C on increase of carbon content. Linear dependence of ln σ0 on Ea follows the compensation law for HAF carbon-filled polyester gradient composite, which is similar to semi conducting composite behavior. Tg obtained by DSC plots for samples 1—4 are higher as compared to polyester resin
Copper (II) and Copper Nanoparticles-Loaded Chemically Modified Cotton Cellulose Fibres with Fair Antibacterial Properties
No full textThis work describes the release of copper(II) ions from cellulose fibers, which have been chemically modified by periodate-induced oxidation of cellulose, followed by covalent attachment of biopolymer chitosan. The release of copper(II) ions has been investigated in physiological fluid (PF) and protein solution (PS) both at 37°C. Fibers have demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli. Finally, their borohydride-induced reduction has yielded copper nanoparticle-loaded fibers, with average diameter of particles, nearly 28.94 nm. The formation of copper nanoparticles has been established by surface plasmon resonance and FTIR spectroscopy. These fibers also show fair biocidal action against E. coli. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 200
Sliding Wear Behaviour of a Cast Iron as Affected by Test Environment and Applied Load
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the sliding wear response of a cast iron as influenced by applied load and changing concentration of solid lubricant (graphite) particles in oil lubricant, and operating material removal mechanisms in different sets of experimental conditions. Design/methodology/approach – The sliding wear response of a grey cast iron has been examined as a function of test environment and load. Properties evaluated were wear rate, friction coefficient and frictional heating. The wear behaviour of the samples has been substantiated through the characteristics of their wear surfaces, subsurface regions and debris particles.\ud
Findings – The wear rate and frictional heating increased with load while friction coefficient was affected in an opposite manner. The presence of oil lubricant led to a substantial improvement in wear response (in terms of decreasing wear rate, friction coefficient and frictional heating) while the presence of graphite particles in the oil lubricant proved to be still better. A critical content of graphite in the oil lubricant becomes most effective towards improving the wear response of the samples. Formation of dark patches on the wear surface, substantial subsurface deformation and fine debris led to improved wear response.\ud
Research limitations/implications – The study enables one to understand the wear behaviour of a cast iron as influenced by the changing concentration of solid lubricant (graphite) particles in the oil lubricant. It also enables one to understand the operating material removal mechanisms\ud
responsible for the observed wear characteristics of the samples under varying test conditions. The investigation helps one to see that only a critical concentration of the solid lubricant particles in oil can lead to the best wear performance of materials. Originality/value – From a practical standpoint, the observations made here gain importance from the fact that solid lubricants are added frequently in oil in engineering applications but it becomes imperative to understand that only a critical concentration can lead to the best wear behaviour of materials