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Functional trait responses of emergent and free-floating Alternanthera philoxeroides to increasing salinity with sea level rise: stress tolerance, avoidance, and escape strategies
Full text linkea level rise is having major impacts on estuaries due to salinity intrusion. These changes in stress profiles have ripple effects in ecosystems, including altering the invasibility of these wetlands depending on the salt tolerance of the invading species. Alternanthera philoxeroides Mart. (Griseb.) (alligator weed), native to South America and long recognized as one of the world’s worst freshwater aquatic weeds, recently invaded tidal wetlands in California’s San Francisco Bay–Delta Estuary. Generally considered a freshwater-limited glycophyte, observations suggested this invasive macrophyte may have some degree of salinity tolerance, though its degree of tolerance and capacity to spread with increased salinity intrusion were unknown. In two full-factorial greenhouse experiments, we assessed responses of emergent (soil-rooted) and free-floating growth forms of A. philoxeroides to four salinity concentrations (freshwater to euhaline) at the whole-plant (growth, biomass production and allocation, fitness), physiological, and biochemical levels. We also conducted a third experiment exploring the recovery potential of free-floating A. philoxeroides in freshwater following extended exposure to mesohaline to euhaline aqueous salinity. Although sensitivity of A. philoxeroides to increasing salinity was documented, the survival of both growth forms in the full range of salinity treatments was notable and unexpected. Our results indicate A. philoxeroides is a facultative halophyte well adapted to oligohaline–mesohaline salinity levels. Results also revealed the invasive weed’s multiple strategies to survive salinity-induced physiological stress, supporting its survival even at elevated polyhaline to euhaline conditions. The macrophyte expressed functional trait responses spanning stress tolerance, avoidance, and escape strategies that may sustain its spread as estuarine salinity intrusion increases with sea level rise
Broaching for Culturally Responsive Suicide Risk Assessment
Full text linkDespite rising suicide rates and disparities in minoritized communities as well as calls from experts and community leaders to address cultural factors, most suicide risk assessment (SRA) approaches remain acultural. Counselors who use acultural SRA can cause harm by neglecting to address crucial factors that may heighten or protect clients from suicide risk. This article provides guidance for proactive and responsive broaching in SRA using the four dimensions of the Multidimensional Model of Broaching Behavior (DayVines et al., 2020). The model provides an overview of key concepts, explicit recommendations for counselors in diverse settings, and an illustrative case example. Concerns, limitations, and implications for counselors, supervisors, educators, and researchers are addressed
Runner locating with multiple probes
Full text linkIn the runner locating variation of cops and robbers on a graph, a chaser attempts to locate an invisible runner by probing a single vertex v each turn, from which the chaser learns the runner’s distance. The runner is then permitted to stay at his current vertex or move to an adjacent vertex other than v. A graph is locatable if the chaser is able to locate the runner in a finite number of turns, and the location number of a graph is the minimum number of turns necessary to determine the runner’s location regardless of the runner’s evasion strategy. In this paper, we allow the chaser to use multiple probes per turn; this is related to the metric dimension of a graph, which is equivalent to the number of chaser probes needed to locate the runner in one turn. We explore the number of turns required for the chaser to locate the runner when the number of probes ranges from the minimum needed to locate the runner, up to the graph’s metric dimension
Power, Interpersonal Trauma, and the Counseling Relationship: A Grounded Theory Analysis
Full text linkThe purpose of this constructivist grounded theory analysis was to explore how adult women with histories of interpersonal trauma experience power within the counseling relationship. Using semi‐structured interviews with 29 clients in counseling, concurrent data analysis and collection resulted in a process theory composed of seven categories and one core category. Categories included Sociocultural Mental Health Factors, Past Experiences of Power, Choosing Counseling, Assessing for Safety and Fit, Advocating for Needs, Reliving Disempowerment, and Reclaiming Power. Participants’ experience of power was summarized by the core category, Practicing Personal Power in Connection with Others, which represented the model\u27s central concepts. The constructed process theory informs counseling practice with clients who have experienced interpersonal trauma by presenting a model for how clients enact their power. Implications include strategies for addressing power within the counseling relationship
The Bad and the Beautiful: Is it Moral to Patronize Immoral Artists’ Works?
No full textArtists’ moral wrongs raise interesting questions about whether, and how, we should engage the artists and their works. Public discourse is replete with opposition to honoring immoral artists for their achievements and calls for boycotts of their works. I examine a specific moral question that artists’ moral wrongs raise: Is it morally permissible to patronize immoral artists’ works? After explaining some preliminary matters, such as the meanings of some of important terms, I argue that it is morally permissible to patronize immoral artists’ works. Then, I examine two possible objections that pose significant challenges to my argument
Spatial variation in sexual size dimorphism and mating associations in the color polymorphic Eastern Red-Backed Salamander (Plethodon cinereus)
No full textSexual selection due to mate preference for certain traits can maintain phenotypic diversity within populations and species. In taxa with discrete phenotypes, such as color polymorphic species, assortative mating may lead to disruptive selection and sympatric divergence, yet how such interactions vary over species\u27 ranges remains poorly understood. To address this shortcoming, we examined spatial patterns of sexual size dimorphism and presumptive male–female mating pairs based on body size and coloration in the color polymorphic Eastern Red-backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus. This species exhibits two common color morphs, striped and unstriped, that also differ in other elements of their biology, including ecology, behavior, and morphology. Across six populations that vary in color morph frequency, we predicted each site would show female-biased sexual size dimorphism and a positive body size relationship between presumptive mating pairs. In polymorphic sites, we also predicted that morphs would demonstrate color-based assortative mating, with larger body size as an associated trait. We found female-biased sexual size dimorphism in three of six study sites, while a positive body size relationship between male and female pairs was documented in four populations, and no evidence of male–female associations by color and body size was found in polymorphic populations. The spatial variation across all of our study axes demonstrates the importance of geographic context in shaping sexual selection dynamics and patterns of local adaptation
Is Your Supply Chain Breaking Down? Call AAA for Resilience Assistance
Full text linkSupply chain disruptions regularly interrupt the normal operations of organizations, impairing their financial, operational, and service performance. Therefore, organizations must develop capabilities to enhance their resilience–their ability to anticipate, overcome, and transform after disruptions. The literature proposes that agility, adaptability, and alignment (AAA capabilities) enhance long-term organizational success but does not explicitly link these AAA capabilities to resilience. Motivated by conversations with senior supply chain leaders, our research explores how organizations utilize practices, behaviors, and structures to build AAA capabilities in their pursuit of resilience over different phases of disruption. We use a grounded theory approach, conducting in-depth, semi-structured interviews with supply chain executives. Our findings contribute to the supply chain resilience literature by (a) highlighting how distinct practices, behaviors, and structures support the development of distinct AAA capabilities, (b) demonstrating which AAA capabilities are most influential in enhancing resilience during specific phases of a disruption, and (c) illustrating how the AAA capabilities operate in a feedback loop to synergistically improve resilience over the lifecycle of a disruption
Simplified Classical Mechanics, (Second Edition): Foundations of Motion
No full textSimplified Classical Mechanics, Volume 1 (Second Edition): Foundations of motion, explores the kinematics and dynamics of motion. The hallmark of the volume is its treatment of Newton’s laws of motion, the principles set forth by Sir Isaac Newton in the seventeenth century to describe the motion of an object under the influence of forces; thus, classical mechanics is often referred to as Newtonian mechanics. This volume examines how an object moves (i.e., gives a description of the path of an object in motion) then examines the underlying reasons why an object moves the way it does. Problem-solving strategies are built-up in each chapter
Simplified Classical Mechanics, (Second Edition): Gravity and the Conservation Laws
No full textSimplified Classical Mechanics, Volume 2 (Second Edition): Gravity and conservation laws, picks up where Volume 1 ended. First, Newton’s universal law of gravitation is examined and the concept of the ‘gravitational field’ is introduced. Next, conserved quantities (i.e., quantities that do not change over time) are introduced and added to a repertoire of problem-solving strategies. Next, rotational motion is examined―instead of limiting one’s analysis to the motion of objects moving in a straight line, objects which rotate, spin, and tumble can now be analyzed. Finally, the volume concludes with a look forward to electricity and magnetism