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Asymmetry effects in generic and quantified generalizations
Full text linkGeneric statements ('Tigers have stripes') are pervasive and early-emerging modes of generalization with a distinctive linguistic profile. Previous experimental work found that generics display a unique asymmetry between their acceptance conditions and the implications that are typically drawn from them. This paper presents evidence against the hypothesis that only generics display an asymmetry. Correcting for limitations of previous designs, we found a generalized asymmetry effect across generics, various kinds of explicitly quantified statements ('most', 'some', 'typically', 'usually'), and variations in types of predicated properties (striking vs. neutral). We discuss implications of these results for our understanding of the source of asymmetry effects and whether and in which ways these effects might introduce biased beliefs into social networks
Under the Magnifying Glass: Dimensions of Variation in the Contemporary Timok Variety
No full textThe paper focuses on linguistic variation encountered in the contemporary Timok variety in Southeast Serbia. The data collected from speakers across the Timok region reveals rich variation in how linguistic features are used. It Displays overlapping patterns which belong to different registers and varieties, which arises from the contact between West South Slavic varieties and East or Balkan South Slavic varieties. In the analysis, the focus is on the interaction between patterns attributed to standard Serbian (currently major western South Slavic influence and the more typical Balkan manifestations of the dialect. The features analysed are: marking of indirect object and possessor, post-positive demonstratives, dative reflexive si as a particle and auxiliary omission in the perfect tense, all considered to be relative for the distinction analysed. In the first part, the analysis takes into account linguistic factors focusing mainly on the morphosyntactic domain, to reveal what linguistic structures obstruct or facilitate the use of certain forms. In the second part, the four features are correlated with geographic and social parameters. In order to find potential areal patterns of horizontal feature diffusion or study the effect of terrain shape (altitude) or physical distances between locations (the distance from the administrative centre). Regarding social factors, age and gender are correlated with the linguistic information to analyse whether there are differences between men and women, or older and younger speakers in their dialect usage
Answer to the Letter to the Editor of R.D. Iyer concerning "Fusion versus decompression alone for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis: a target trial emulation with index trial benchmarking" by I. Unterfrauner, et al. (Eur Spine J [2024]: doi: 10.1007/s00586-024-08495-0
No full textEAES rapid guideline: surgical management of complicated diverticulitis - with ESCP participation
No full textBACKGROUND
The surgical management of complicated diverticulitis varies across Europe. EAES members prioritized this topic to be addressed by a clinical practice guideline through an online questionnaire.
OBJECTIVE
To develop evidence-informed clinical practice recommendations for key stakeholders involved in the treatment of complicated diverticulitis; to improve operative and perioperative outcomes, patient experience and quality of life through a systematic evidence-to-decision approach by a diverse, multidisciplinary panel.
METHODS
Informed by a linked individual participant data network meta-analysis of resection and primary anastomosis (PRA) versus Hartmann's resection (HR) versus laparoscopic lavage (LPL), a panel of general and colorectal surgeons, patient partners, trialists, and fellows appraised the certainty of the evidence using GRADE and CINeMA. The panel discussed the evidence using the evidence-to-decision framework during a synchronous consensus meeting. An asynchronous modified Delphi survey was used to establish consensus.
RESULTS
The panel suggests that patients with complicated diverticulitis without sepsis receive PRA over HR or LPL when there is availability of a surgeon with skills and experience in colorectal surgery. HR is suggested over PRA or LPL in the subgroups of septic, frail, as well as immunocompromised patients. These recommendations apply to patients with an indication for surgery. Surgeons and patients should first consider conditionally recommended interventions, then conditionally recommended against. Based on the evidence, the key benefit of PRA was a higher likelihood of not having a stoma at 1 year, with similar risks across comparisons. Conditional recommendations call for shared decision-making when considering management options. The full guideline with user-friendly decision aids is available in https://app.magicapp.org/#/guideline/7490 .
CONCLUSION
This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-informed recommendations on the management of patients with complicated diverticulitis in accordance with the highest methodological standards through a structured framework informed by an international, multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders
Axonal motor polyneuropathy in a 13 years old Girl with a de Novo variant in ADNP
No full textADNP-Related Disorder [previously known as Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome (HVDAS)] is a rare genetic condition resulting from mutations in the activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox (ADNP) gene. The ADNP protein has multiple functions, including serving as an essential transcription factor for brain development. In addition, pathogenic variants in ADNP have been recognized as one of the most frequent monogenic causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. Clinical features include craniofacial dysmorphisms, congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal problems such as feeding difficulties, gastroesophageal reflux and frequent vomiting, vision problems, recurrent infections and seizures. Here we describe the novel case of a girl who came to our attention in infancy because of poor and stereotyped motor repertoire, repetitive purposeless movements, and intellectual disability. Whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous variant in the ADNP gene, leading to the diagnosis of HVDAS at age 5 years. At the age of 12, nerve conduction velocity testing showed severe four-limb axonal motor polyneuropathy. In this article, we would like to focus on the presence of peripheral nervous system involvement associated with the pathogenic ADNP de novo variant, which may contribute to the clinical characterization of ADNP-Related Disorder
Use of norepinephrine in the pediatric intensive care unit: an international survey of prescription and administration habits in case of pediatric hypotensive shock
No full textThis international survey aimed to describe worldwide norepinephrine prescription habits in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) in case of hypotensive shock. We sought to identify reporting Querydiscrepancies regarding dosing units and conjugated salts of norepinephrine. Between November 1, 2023, and February 10, 2024, a cross-sectional electronic survey was emailed to PICU prescribers through the following networks: PICURe (French-speaking countries), ESPNIC (Europe), Be-PICS (Belgium), PALISI (America), PACCMAN (Asia), JSPICC (Japan), and ANZICS PSG (Oceania). The survey was developed by a specialized clinical pharmacist and a pediatric intensivist and independently validated by three French- and English-speaking pediatric intensivists and a specialized clinical pharmacist. We received 541 responses, of which 424 were complete (78.4%) (center response rate 60.2%). A total of 199 ((46.9%) [42.2-51.7%]) were from Europe, 144 ((34.0%) [29.6-38.6%]) and 70 ((16.5%) [13.3-20.3%]) from Asia/Middle East, and 11 ((2.6%) [1.5-4.6%]) from Oceania. The respondents were mainly attending pediatric intensivists ((81.4%) [77.4-84.8%]). 43.9% [39.2-48.6%] of respondents did not know what type of norepinephrine formulation they used. Respondents reported norepinephrine dosing in terms of norepinephrine base ((46.2%) [41.5-51.0%]) or norepinephrine conjugated salt ((17.7%) [14.4-21.6%]), but 153 ((36.1%) [31.7-40.8%]) did not know the NE dose reporting units at their institution. American and Asia/Middle East respondents reported starting NE infusions at half the dose reported by Europeans (respectively, 0.05 [0.03-0.05] and 0.05 [0.05-0.05] vs 0.1 [0.05-0.2] mcg/kg/min, (p < 0.001)) and considered adding second-line therapies at lower NE doses than European respondents in case of hypotensive septic shock (respectively, 0.15 [0.1-0.25] and 0.2 [0.1-0.3] vs 0.5 [0.3-1.00] mcg/kg/min (p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: There were significant discrepancies in norepinephrine prescription and administration habits in PICUs worldwide. More than a third of pediatric intensivists did not know which norepinephrine formulation they used or what the dose reporting units referred to. Such discrepancies and lack of knowledge on the topic can compromise the standardization of norepinephrine dose reporting and the conduct of international multicenter studies in pediatric critical care.
What is known: • Norepinephrine is recommended as a first line vasopressor in pediatric critical care, but multiple formulations of norepinephrine exist worldwide, and significant discrepancies in norepinephrine dose reporting were documented in adult publications, causing confusion in data interpretation. • This survey focuses on describing norepinephrine prescription habits in case of pediatric hypotensive shock and identifying discrepancies in the reporting of dosing units and conjugated salts of norepinephrine in pediatric intensive care units in America, Europe, Asia, Middle East, and Oceania.
What is new: • This survey shows that a significant proportion of pediatric intensive care unit prescribers are unaware of the norepinephrine formulation they use and what the dosing units they prescribe refer to. • There is a significant twofold difference in terms of reported starting dose of norepinephrine in European vs. North American and Asian/Middle East prescribers. Clinicians should use norepinephrine base as their standard unit for norepinephrine dose reporting
Effect of a novel irrigation regimen and root canal filling material versus conventional endodontic protocols on dentin wettability
No full textThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different irrigation regimens on the dentin wettability of root canal sealers. The occlusal surfaces of human molar teeth (N = 90) were removed, polished, and divided into three groups (n = 30) based on the irrigation regimen: control group (SAL), standard irrigation group (NES), and test group (ODC). Each group was randomly divided into three subgroups according to the root canal sealer: AH Plus (AHP), Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TOT), and OdneFill (ODF). The contact angle was determined using the sessile drop technique. The pendant droplet method assessed the work of adhesion. Surface roughness was measured using atomic force microscopy. Data were analyzed using non-parametric tests (p .05) while both groups presented significantly lower results than TOT (p .05), whereas ODF presented significantly lower results compared to both (p .05). This study highlights the wettability of a new root canal sealer and the effect of a new irrigation activation system on the wettability of different root canal sealers. OdneFill showed superior wettability compared to other sealers while exhibiting a synergistic effect with OdneClean