Bryn Mawr College
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Beyond Resistance: Therapeutic Itinerary in Saint-Louis-du-Senegal between Indigenous and Scientific Medicine, 1820–1920
Get PDFDrawing on oral traditions and archival materials, this article examines the validity of claims made by the French colonial physicians and administrators that the African patients’ mistrust of and resistance to biomedicine had to do with their superstition, apathy, and ignorance, as well as with the pressure exercised upon them by healers, marabouts, and midwives. It argues that the African patients’ therapeutic choices were rational and were informed by their cultural history
Radiant Sites: Projection and the Mobile Spectator in Contemporary Moving-Image Installations
Get PDFThis dissertation examines contemporary moving-image installations that use projected images to expand and elaborate upon the cinematic experience. It focuses on works by Douglas Gordon (b. 1966), Jim Campbell (b. 1956), and the partnered artists Janet Cardiff (b. 1957) and George Bures-Miller (b. 1960), all of whom have reconfigured the classical cinematic system of viewing since the 1990s. Through their works, I trace the term “expanded cinema” as a literal extension of projected light from the screen into the open gallery and beyond. I argue that the term “projection” – as thrown light, mental anticipation, and moving bodies – brings together cinema’s apparatus, text, and reception as a cohesive experience.
These artists transport their light-based images to the gallery, exposing the projected image to mobile spectators, as well as to lighting conditions less conducive to a clear picture. However, the works I will discuss also maintain an explicit connection to the theatrical projection of narrative film. As these artists expand the exhibition spaces of cinema from theater to gallery, they also converge numerous cinematic formats, including celluloid film, magnetic videotape, digital video, still photography, and dynamic audio. I offer “projection” as a term which tethers the myriad trajectories of cinema’s expansion back to its apparatus, and even to the mobile spectator. Beyond the light phenomenon, I also draw from psychoanalytic theories of projection, especially relevant given its foundational contribution to film theory since the 1970s by authors such as Laura Mulvey, Christian Metz, and Mary Ann Doane. Furthermore, the “suture” theory of Kaja Silverman and others offers a link between classical Hollywood editing conventions and the spatial orientation of the gallery spectator. From these theorists, I ultimately offer a notion of the projecting viewer, a physically active version of the “embodied viewer” as conceived by phenomenological film theorist Vivian Sobchack. By observing their similarities to the common multiplex, art house, or even living rooms, these otherwise uprooted screens reveal in fleeting flickers traces of what we might intuitively call “the cinematic.
Review of \u27The Making of Medieval Rome: A New Profile of the City, 400–1420 by Hendrik Dey\u27
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Towards mapping biodiversity from above: Can fusing lidar and hyperspectral remote sensing predict taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic tree diversity in temperate forests?
Get PDFAim: Rapid global change is impacting the diversity of tree species and essential ecosystem functions and services of forests. It is therefore critical to understand and predict how the diversity of tree species is spatially distributed within and among forest biomes. Satellite remote sensing platforms have been used for decades to map forest structure and function but are limited in their capacity to monitor change by their relatively coarse spatial resolution and the complexity of scales at which different dimensions of biodiversity are observed in the field. Recently, airborne remote sensing platforms making use of passive high spectral resolution (i.e., hyperspectral) and active lidar data have been operationalized, providing an opportunity to disentangle how biodiversity patterns vary across space and time from field observations to larger scales. Most studies to date have focused on single sites and/or one sensor type; here we ask how multiple sensor types from the National Ecological Observatory Network’s Airborne Observation Platform (NEON AOP) perform across multiple sites in a single biome at the NEON field plot scale (i.e., 40 m × 40 m).Location: Eastern USA.Time period: 2017– 2018.Taxa studied: Trees.Methods: With a fusion of hyperspectral and lidar data from the NEON AOP, we as-sess the ability of high resolution remotely sensed metrics to measure biodiversity variation across eastern US temperate forests. We examine how taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic measures of alpha diversity vary spatially and assess to what degree remotely sensed metrics correlate with in situ biodiversity metrics.Results: Models using estimates of forest function, canopy structure, and topographic diversity performed better than models containing each category alone. Our results show that canopy structural diversity, and not just spectral reflectance, is critical to predicting biodiversity.Main conclusions: We found that an approach that jointly leverages spectral properties related to leaf and canopy functional traits and forest health, lidar derived estimates of forest structure, fine-resolution topographic diversity, and careful consideration of biogeographical differences within and among biomes is needed to accurately map biodiversity variation from above
The Negative Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Behavioral Problems of Children in Kinship Care: The Protective Role of Kinship Caregivers\u27 Mental Health
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the (a) prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children in kinship care; (b) relationships between the number and type of ACEs and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems; and (c) moderating role of kinship caregivers’ mental health on the relationships between ACEs and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. A sample of children in kinship care (N = 224) obtained from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being II was used. Ordinary least squares regression models were conducted. Results indicated that neglect followed by parental substance abuse were found to be the most prevalent ACEs. Child neglect, sexual and emotional abuse, and parental substance abuse were significantly associated with child internalizing problems, whereas sexual and emotional abuse were significantly associated with child externalizing problems. The total number of ACEs and experiencing three or more ACEs were significantly associated with child externalizing problems. Kinship caregivers’ mental health significantly moderated the relationships between neglect, sexual abuse, and child internalizing problems. Caregiver’s mental health also moderated the relationships between emotional and sexual abuse, neglect, and children’s externalizing problems. Findings suggest the importance of addressing ACEs and the need for mental health services to both kinship caregivers and children in kinship care
Choosing Pedagogical Partnerships Over Pedagogical Solitude: Embracing the Inherently Social Nature of Teaching and Learning
Get PDFShade and drought increase fungal contribution to partially mycoheterotrophic terrestrial orchids Goodyera pubescens and Tipularia discolor
No full textMany photosynthetic plants supplement photosynthetic carbon with fungal carbon, but the mechanisms that govern dependence on mycoheterotrophic carbon are poorly understood. We used exclusion shelters to manipulate water and light availability to plants of the terrestrial orchids Goodyera pubescens and Tipularia discolor. We tracked changes in δ13C from photosynthesis and δ15N acquired from soil-derived inorganic nitrogen versus mycoheterotrophy, along with direct measures of photosynthesis in T. discolor. We hypothesized that shade would increase dependence on mycoheterotrophy compared to reference plants, while drought would decrease both photosynthesis and the abundance of potential mycorrhizal fungi. Drought and shade enriched 13C and 15N in both G. pubescens and T. discolor, compared to control plants, indicating increased fungal contribution to orchid tissues. Physiological measurements of T. discolor leaves showed that dark respiration, water use efficiency, and relative electron transport rate did not vary significantly, but shaded plants had greater quantum efficiency, suggesting they were light-limited. Light saturated photosynthesis of T. discolor leaves was lower in both shaded and drought-treated plants, indicating lower photosynthetic capacity, and likely greater dependence on mycoheterotrophy and corresponding enrichment in 13C and 15N. This study documented changes in orchid dependence on fungal carbon in response to manipulated environmental conditions. Both shade and drought increased the dependence of both orchids on mycoheterotrophically derived carbon and nitrogen
Conventional and expanded adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and maternal functioning among low-income Black mothers
Get PDFA paucity of research has examined the individual and cumulative effects of conventional and expanded adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on maternal functioning, especially among low-income Black mothers. Using self-report data from a subsample of Black mothers (N = 157) who participated in a larger study to evaluate the effectiveness of an urban public prekindergarten program in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, we examined the prevalence of ACEs and the individual and cumulative effects of conventional (i.e., family trauma and dysfunction) and expanded (i.e., community stressors) ACEs on depression and health among low-income Black mothers. Findings indicated that Black mothers had more exposure to expanded than conventional ACEs. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that experience of physical neglect was significantly associated with depression and physical abuse with compromised health, and perceived experience of racism was a predictor of depression and compromised health. More conventional and expanded ACEs were associated with clinical levels of depression and compromised health. Findings highlight the need for more research related to the impact of ACEs, especially expanded ACEs, on mental and behavioural health outcomes. Additionally, our findings indicate the need for more trauma-informed care to reduce and address the impact of individual and community-level adversities on low-income Black mothers