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Mental health and behavioral outcomes among Jamaican women: The role of childhood abuse and witnessing parental violence
No full textBackground Studies have shown significant links between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and mental and behavioral health outcomes. However, limited research has examined these associations among Jamaican women. Objective We investigated the associations between individual (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, and witnessing a mother being abused) and categorized (0, 1, 2, 3–4) ACEs and depression, anxiety, alcohol and marijuana use among Jamaican women. Participants and setting Data were obtained from the 2016 Women’s Health Survey (WHS)—a nationally representative sample of young Jamaican women aged 15–64 years. Methods A series of multivariate (OLS) and logistic regression analyses were conducted. OLS regression analyses were conducted to examine the individual and categorized effect of ACEs on depression, anxiety, and alcohol use. To examine the individual and categorized effect of ACEs on marijuana use, binary logistic regression analyses were run. Results Exposure to physical abuse (B = 1.79), witnessing a mother being abused (B = 1.38), and having at least one adversity (B range = 0.73–3.98) in childhood were significant predictors of increased depressive symptoms. Sexual (B = 3.39), physical (B = 1.61), and emotional (B = 0.93) abuse, and being exposed to 2 or more ACEs (Brange = 2.82–3.54) were significantly associated with increased levels of anxiety. Sexual abuse (OR = 4.37), witnessing a mother being abused (OR = 2.20), and having 3–4 adversities (OR = 8.33) in childhood were associated with marijuana use. No significant association was found between individual nor categorized ACEs and alcohol use. Conclusions This study highlights the need for interventions and policies aimed at addressing ACEs to disrupt the sequalae of negative mental and behavioral outcomes
Emotional Experiences in Technology-Mediated and In-Person Interactions: An Experience-Sampling Study
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How Spanish speakers express norms using generic person markers
Get PDFLanguage is one powerful vehicle for transmitting norms—a universal feature of society. In English, people use “you” generically (e.g., “You win some you lose some”) to express and interpret norms. Here, we examine how norms are conveyed and interpreted in Spanish, a language that—unlike English—has two forms of you (i.e., formal, informal), distinct generic person markers, and pro-drop, allowing for an examination of underlying conceptual tendencies in how the structure of language facilitates the transmission of norms. In Study 1a-b (N = 838) Spanish speakers used informal generic-you and the generic person marker “se” (but not formal-you) to express norms (vs. preferences). In Study 2 (N = 300), formal you, informal you, and impersonal “se” had persuasive force over personal endorsements (e.g., “I”), informing Spanish speaker’s interpretation of unfamiliar norms. Our findings add to a growing literature on how subtle linguistic shifts reflect and influence cognitive processes
Resistance to the Rise of the Principate: An Analysis of Literary Allusions to Augustus’ Rivals
Get PDFThis dissertation asserts that opposition to Augustus and the establishment of the Principate was pervasive and originating from all social strata. After examining incidents of political resistance and social unrest, the project analyzes literary allusions to those who were killed or exiled while challenging Augustus’ rise to power. Using maps, coins, and other artefacts to help explore topographical and contemporary references, this study maintains that coded depictions in literature may provide deeper understanding of events from the period, especially since many of our extant sources are biased, incomplete, or composed centuries later.
The case studies for the literary portion of this research include Vergil’s Camilla and Palinurus in the Aeneid, Ovid’s Daphne in the Metamorphoses, and a collection of episodes from Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Fasti that plausibly represent familial strife in the domus Augusta. Two chapters on Vergil suggest that his portrayals of Camilla and Palinurus convey admiration for the endeavors of Fulvia and Sextus Pompey on behalf of those who lost their land or were placed on the proscription list during the Triumviral period. The next chapter proposes that Ovid’s Daphne is a satirical comparison of Apollo’s claim over his new triumphal tree when he was denied Daphne’s body with Octavian’s recast of his victory over Cleopatra after failing to keep her alive for his triumph. The final chapter analyzes allusions to strife in the imperial household in stories from Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Fasti that were modified from earlier versions in a manner that challenges the authority of the princeps and his dynastic plans. This chapter also considers Ovid’s apprehension about the punishment of artists in his depictions of Arachne and Marsyas.
The poetic episodes studied in this dissertation are multilayered, so that the allegories are one of many readings possible, allowing the poet to allude to controversial events ambiguously enough that his enthusiasts would appreciate the coded commentary without the risk of offending the Augustan circle. While the vagueness of some references challenges modern observation, the use of maps, coins, and ancient art provide context clues for us to appreciate the allusions to the fallen challengers of Augustus
How Do Refugees Experience a “Sense Of Place” in a Community Garden? Exploring an Intervention to Mitigate the Consequences of Displacement
Get PDFAs a consequence of displacement, refugees grapple with significant resettlement challenges, such as social isolation, language barriers and depression, anxiety, and trauma. A growing body of literature focuses on place-making, or emplacement, to promote health and well-being for re-settlement challenges. This qualitative study helps social service providers understand the neces-sity for community-based interventions to improve the resettlement process for refugees, using a place attachment model. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Karen and Chin Burmese (Myanmar) adult refugees who participated in a community garden program in Phil-adelphia (ages 28 to 82). Data analysis revealed that community gardens offer an opportunity for social interactions, improved well-being, a sense of belonging, maintenance of cultural tradi-tions, and cultivation of native crops to sustain a connection to one\u27s country of origin for refugees. These findings also operationalize and conceptualize the meaning of place and home, especially the mechanisms of place-making within the context of a community-based program. Findings also contributed to the formation of a new conceptual model, “Uprooted-Re-Rooted Planted,” for refugee resettlement. Community programs for refugees build social connected-ness, belonging, and unity, as well as trust and rapport, and decrease psychological distress, all critical tasks during resettlement. Integrating both community and the natural environment, community gardening programs offer refugees the opportunity to maintain agrarian and cultural traditions practiced in their countries-of-origin, especially the cultivation of native food
Tea, Fiction, and the Imperial Sensorium
Get PDFThis article explores a cultural paradox in nineteenth-century England: that tea, a colonially sourced comestible, was figured as a curative for the exhaustions incurred by building and administering an empire. Pursuing the idea that colonialism reconfigured the sensorium of both colonised and coloniser, I trace how tea – as a stimulant and a palliative – was an agent in mediating the highs and lows of imperial feeling. I correlate sitting down and tea-drinking with the settlings of colonial annexation and with the consumption and production of fiction, specifically the genres of fantasy and sensation fiction. Writers engaged include Wilkie Collins, Thomas de Quincey, J. M. Barrie, and Thomas Macaulay