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Research theory essay
Get PDFIn just a little over half a century the western world has seen some unfathomable changes. As the
cogs of our industrious world have been turning, much change has been a result and at a phenomenal pace. From black and white film photography, to full blown colour on a digital screen.
From the Box Television to a flat screen in-home cinema, party lines to video calls. These things seem strange and meniscal when mentioned but being present through some of these changes has been a mind-blowing spectacle. The rushing society has moved away from closed shops on
weekends to shops that never close. New career opportunities have been created from these changes and women are now in the running alongside men. Not only has there been a shift in equality for women within employment, education, gender roles and sexuality have all been shifting and continue to do so. However, within this shifting of society it is reasonable to question whether Western cultural practice and ideological constructs have also changed. With access to media we
could have only dreamed of 50 years ago, I desire to make an inquiry into how this new technological world and the influences of film and media culture have changed the representations and stereotypes that have long ensued the image of a women within Western culture. Has the 21st
century woman been liberated by new forms of fresh and freeing representations in this new society? This essay focuses on the ideologies of last century, centring on the journey into a new media world, film and visual media influence and the post- feminism female. Through the lens of Laura Mulvey’s ‘Male Gaze’, we can begin to better understand how film and media effect the daily
lives of women and Western society. Perhaps through such a quest, we might also better understand how such representations and constructs of society work within our own ways of seeing, communicating and being
NZ organisation accountability and reporting
No full textIn this paper, the author argues that there are growing public expectations of accountability and disclosure in sport, along the backdrop of a growing accountability movement in the business sector. Sport organisations have come to use business models with commercialisation and professionalism that raises stakeholder expectations. Within this context three appears a lack of accountability practices. This study provides illustrations of accountability failures in organisations before providing resolutions to the problem
Under-explicit and minimally explicit reference: Evidence from a longitudinal case study
Get PDFThis chapter reports on a 2 ½ year longitudinal case study of one Korean speaker of English, focusing on the development of her command of accessibility marking in referring to persons. The data are derived from informal, open interviews spanning the entire length of the participant’s enrolment in a Bachelor of Nursing programme in New Zealand. These interviews occurred every few weeks during semester (17 in total), and were typically between 45 minutes to one hour in length. The participant reported that she used these interviews as “a kind of reflective journal”, in which she discussed her classes, interactions with classmates, tutors and others, her assignments, and other experiences in New Zealand. The events she reported are rich in references to individuals.
Using a previously reported coding scheme (Ryan, 2015), these data were analysed in relation to pragmatic felicity, particularly concerning the felicity of accessibility marking for referents of varying cognitive status in contexts of topic or focus continuity or shift. These data [yet to be analysed] provide evidence of the developmental progression of the participant’s command of reference in English.
This chapter contributes substantially to the literature in several ways. In general, there has been a lack of longitudinal case studies of pragmatic development in any domain, including few – if any – previous longitudinal studies focusing on reference; the present analysis is therefore expected to reveal previously unreported details of the trajectory of pragmatic development in reference. The present study is also one of the few working with oral data that was generated in ways other than an elicited communication task. Finally, the study contributes to the somewhat still contentious issue of to what extent mainstream study in an English-speaking context leads to genuine language gains
Can taste be ergogenic?
Get PDFTaste is a homeostatic function that conveys valuable information, such as energy density, readiness to eat, or toxicity of foodstuffs. Taste is not limited to the oral cavity but affects multiple physiological systems. In this review, we outline the ergogenic potential of substances that impart bitter, sweet, hot and cold tastes administered prior to and during exercise performance and whether the ergogenic benefits of taste are attributable to the placebo effect. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing seemingly improves endurance performance, along with a potentially ergogenic effect of oral exposure to both bitter tastants and caffeine although subsequent ingestion of bitter mouth rinses is likely required to enhance performance. Hot and cold tastes may prove beneficial in circumstances where athletes’ thermal state may be challenged. Efficacy is not limited to taste, but extends to the stimulation of targeted receptors in the oral cavity and throughout the digestive tract, relaying sig- nals pertaining to energy availability and temperature to appropriate neural centres. Dose, frequency and timing of tastant application likely require personalisation to be most effective, and can be enhanced or confounded by factors that relate to the placebo effect, highlighting taste as a critical factor in designing and administering applied sports science interventions
'She watches over her household': Wellbeing of mothers and children in motherled households.
Get PDFFamily is a significant source and determinant of human wellbeing, and is a focus for researchers who believe that mothers are central to wellbeing. Some families are believed to fare better than others. Families led by mothers, motherled households, are constructed in research, public discourse, and policy, as perilous places. Women and children in motherled households are depicted as suffering social isolation and material poverty. In this study I explore wellbeing in motherled households. My lived experience as nurse specialising in maternal, child and family health, and as a single mother, informs me according to Judi Marshall's (1999) 'life lived as inquiry'. This is a quest to story a version of those in motherled households which is rich and hopeful, contrasting with the monolithic, simplified and limited (and limiting) accounts of our humanity - versions of wellbeing and family displayed in research, policy and conversation. In contrast, women story wellbeing in unique, individual and evolving ways. They value their families as sites of purpose, wellbeing and intentionality, versions of family and wellbeing not told elsewhere
Investigating incidence and prevalence of preeclampsia globally and within Aotearoa/New Zealand: An integrative review
Get PDFIntroduction: Preeclampsia is a complex hypertensive disorder diagnosed during pregnancy, ≥ 20 weeks’ gestation. Collectively, preeclampsia and eclampsia account for one-third of severe maternal morbidities and are responsible for 10–15% of maternal mortality rates, predominantly in low to middle-income countries. While the pathogenesis of preeclampsia remains unclear, multiple studies suggest aetiology may stem from a combination of several complex, multifactorial interactions, including genetic and environmental causes. Few studies report on the global incidence or prevalence of preeclampsia, nor examine specific risk factors within individual nations, including Aotearoa/New Zealand. Moreover, due to reliance on now outdated diagnostic criteria, under-reporting of rates of preeclampsia is likely.
Aim: This research aims to 1) describe the incidence and prevalence of preeclampsia both globally and nationally, and 2) identify any environmental, geographical, cultural and socio-economic factors that may be associated with preeclampsia incidence and prevalence in Aotearoa/New Zealand. All primary research studies and other relevant published literature informing the topic between January 2010 and August 2020 will be critiqued and evaluated; in particular, those meeting with cross-sectional, cohort or systematic review criteria.
Method: The quantitative method of an integrative review was selected as the most suitable for an extensive critique and analysis of international and national literature available over the past decade which commented on the mapping of the global incidence and prevalence of preeclampsia, while identifying emergent themes of interest. Key word searches will be undertaken within the Wintec ‘OneSearch’ library access of major data bases, including (but not limited to) CINAHL Complete, Clinical Trials, Directory of Open Access Journals, Gale Academic One File, PLOS/ONE and Science Direct. Articles not relating specifically to preeclampsia incidence and/or prevalence will be excluded along with any duplicates, articles not available in English, and those involving animal rather than human participants. By assessing many forms of research, the existing body of knowledge can be evaluated and future areas for interest and research potential ascertained.
Results: Following analysis of six multi-database keyword searches identifying 2833 potential articles for review, the search was limited to include academic journals only and studies undertaken between January 2015 and August 2020, in order to attempt to exclude those drawing on pre-2014 diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia requiring manifestation of proteinuria. Once duplicates were excluded, abstracts were then analysed for potential inclusion. Keyword search six was abandoned due to a significant number of identified duplicates. Those making no specific reference to incidence or prevalence of preeclampsia were also excluded. In total, 64 studies from around the globe were included in the final review analysis and examined in full-text PDF format. Many studies published beyond 2015 continued to apply outdated diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia or failed to report their countries overall incidence and/or prevalence of preeclampsia. Other studies that later re-evaluated their findings in line with the revised 2014 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy Guidelines noted higher incidence of preeclampsia once new criteria were applied. Many studies attributed the incidence of preeclampsia to poverty, delayed and/or inaccurate diagnosis, limited health resources, or inequitable access to those that were available; however, this aspect needs further and more in-depth exploration. There were no studies originating from Aotearoa/New Zealand that met with inclusion criteria, meaning scope for future research within this context is warranted.
Conclusion: Globally and within Aotearoa/New Zealand, incidence and prevalence of preeclampsia cannot be determined in exact measures, due largely to limitations in reporting, and the potential for missed diagnosis due to use of conflicting diagnostic criteria. Additionally, further examination and assessment of factors such as environmental, geographical, cultural, and social considerations which may influence and/or impact on the incidence and prevalence of preeclampsia, both globally and within an Aotearoa/New Zealand framework, should be comprehensively explored and evaluated
Frequency response of lung
Get PDFRespiratory disorders are common in both developed and developing countries. Many of these disorders are directly connected to the constrictions in the airways of the human respiratory system. Asthma and bronchitis are typical examples that arise from the constriction of airways.
Asthma is a respiratory disease that is characterised by chronic inflammation, hypersensitivity, and obstruction of the airways. During an asthma attack contraction of airway smooth muscle and mucous production cause a reduction of the bronchial diameter, significantly changing the airflow resistance in and out of the lungs
CEID research: Recent, current and future direction
Get PDFThis infographic was used to showcase the work of three emerging CEID researchers. It also informs of the future direction taken after a problem for the marine industry appears to provide a solution for the medical industry
Collective action by Māori in response to flooding in the southern Rangitīkei region
Get PDFThe capacity of Indigenous communities to respond collectively to crises consistently shows the importance of shared traditions values and practices and genealogical ties. Government responses to traumatic events that affect whole communities tend to be generic in their scope overlooking the significant strengths and resources held by Indigenous peoples. This study presents a Kaupapa Māori case study of collaborative efforts to respond to traumatic events between several communities of local tribes, immigrant tribes, and tau-iwi (nonIndigenous people). Concentrated on a rural community prone to flooding, this study examined community efforts to provide support for those affected by flooding in the Southern Rangitīkei area of New Zealand. Key informants included 10 Indigenous community leaders (ICL), and 22 health and social service community practitioners. Four key themes were identified: Collective aspirations mobilise in traumatic events; genealogical relationships bring people together; collective leadership drives the vision; and Indigenous values inform responses to traumatic events. A salient outcome was that shared historical connection, and shared aspirations for cultural regeneration activated Indigenous communities to engage in collective action. Key barriers and enablers to collective action between Māori and tau-iwi are presented. Recommendations for analysing further responses to trauma in Indigenous communities are proposed
Cross-disciplinary interactions in work-integrated learning
No full textWork-integrated learning (WIL) is the intentional integration of theory and practice knowledge to prepare graduates towards securing a placement in the workplace or a work community arena. The purpose of incorporating WIL into courses is to assist students with the complicated process of transferring skills gained in a formal educational setting to the workplace. The term WIL is most commonly used to describe programmes where students engage with workplaces and communities as part of their studies.
Students graduate into a transdisciplinary world, not a monodisciplinary one. It is essential for education providers to ensure that their students are equipped with relevant discipline skills as well as generic, transferable skills. Professionals in the field of information technology (IT), such as System analysts, Business analysts, Developers, IT services, and IT trainers must understand the workplace business requirements which may not necessarily be limited to IT. Hence it is crucial that our graduates develop skills that enable them to interact productively. In addition to shaping and supporting the learner for the workplace through practice-based experience, we look at ways to provide learners with the social skills necessary to interact and work with other disciplines as they transition from structured education to the workplace. In this study, we focus on cross-disciplinary approaches to develop the skills necessary for a graduate as they transition to the workplace. The objective is for the student to gain knowledge and understanding and to master the skills that emulate key aspects of the workplace.
The paper aims to investigate how learners engage with the methods that are intended to provide them with practice-based learning. Cross-disciplinary teams worked together on industry problems and co-created the full cycle of problem-solving. Qualitative data was collected from 150 students across a range of disciplines, and 10 organisations through anonymous surveys and semi-structured interviews to gain students' perspective of cross-disciplinary WIL learning approaches.
Preliminary results showed high satisfaction with the learning process, the interdisciplinary teamwork and the future-focused toolkit that can be applied to the IT industry and beyond. Students welcome the opportunity to work with industry as peers, while also enjoy creating events that involve industry. The feedback received from the IT students shows that they thrive with the responsibility they are allowed to have and hence become aware of their personal development and growth as a working professional, which had improved retention and completion rates. Cross-disciplinary team members supply input to a project or question requiring specialist knowledge, allowing for the overall objective to be reached.
Based on the preliminary results, the authors conclude that working on cross-disciplinary projects helped students think beyond their expertise and understand the 'big picture' about working on projects in teams within an organisation. This also creates a way to give students responsibility which allows students to be motivated while also allowing autonomy to think about their own development during this situation. Interactions (directly with industry partners) gave students the guidance, confidence, motivation, and a sense of belonging