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Physiological responses during endurance exercise
Get PDFDear Colleagues,
The physiological responses to endurance exercise, optimal training techniques, sports nutrition, and equipment are continually being examined. Recently, there have been major advancements that have truly enhanced endurance performance. For example, the 2-hour barrier for the marathon was finally broken in October 2019 by Eluid Kipchoge, who covered the 42.195 km in 1 hour 59 minutes 40 seconds. In October of 2020, we witnessed two new world records for the 5000m and 10,000m (previously set in 2004 and 2005, respectively). The 5000m record was improved by 2 seconds from 12:37:35 to 12:35:36, and the 10,000m record was improved by an incredible 6.5 seconds, from 26:17:53 to 26:11:00 by Joshua Cheptegei. Training techniques, new nutrition products/strategies, and especially new designs and technologies in running shoes have all clearly contributed to these advancements. However, are these achievements due to careful planning and execution of training and nutrition, or are they more influenced by new technologies? Polarized training has been suggested as the most beneficial training distribution to enhance endurance performance, but experienced athletes and coaches appear to already have been practicing in this manner. New shoe designs however have been shown to improve running economy, and advances in aerodynamics have decreased the power output required in cycling events.
Conversely, although clearly popular, it has been repeatedly shown that high fat or ketogenic diets do not benefit endurance performance, and can in fact hamper performance by increasing the oxygen cost of exercise compared to a high carbohydrate diet. Optimal carbohydrate ingestion rates are now recommended to be 60 - 90g/hr, and several new carbohydrate solutions have been designed to try and accommodate these high rates, with even higher rates of consumption reported in competition.
This Special Issue will focus on scientific research related to the physiological responses during endurance exercise, and we invite papers examining:
Training methods of endurance athletes
Effect of equipment on physiological responses during exercise
Nutritional strategies to enhance endurance training adaptations and performance
Physiological responses and chronic adaptations due to endurance training
Technologies used to assess physiological responses to endurance training
Dr. Nicolas Berger
Dr. Russ Best
Guest Editor
Language support for new New Zealanders: Strategies for meeting language development needs of refugee-background learners.
Get PDFLanguage support for new New Zealanders: Strategies for meeting language development needs of refugee-background learners.
Aotearoa New Zealand has expanded its refugee quota, effective July 2020, doubling the number to 1,500 (Immigration New Zealand, 2018). This will mean increased need for English language development opportunities. Programmes which have run in community and institutional contexts for decades have experience to offer as language programmes are extended to new towns which will become reception areas for these new New Zealanders.
This paper draws on already published research on language development needs for refugee background learners in Aotearoa New Zealand (Benseman, 2014; Shamem, McDermot, Martin Blaker & Carryer, 2002; Watts, White, & Triln, 2001) and North American Douglas Fir Group’s transdisciplinary framework for language acquisition in a multilingual world (2016).
It foregrounds the experiences of learners with refugee backgrounds, drawn from a mixed method two-year study (Field 2019). Using Grounded Theory as a methodology (Charmaz 2014) interviews of teachers of learners from this group were later added to the learner data set. This paper analyses teachers’ experiences, including reflections on teaching this learner group online as a result of Covid 19. It offers suggestions for teaching strategies for teachers in the new programmes which will need to be developed around the country to accommodate the increase in the yearly refugee quota as a result of the change in government policy
Mum's Kitchen, The Meteor Theatre, February 2021
No full textAn original two-act musical written by Kyle Chuen (libretto), Nick Braae (lyrics/composer), David Sidwell (lyrics/composer), and Jeremy Mayall (orchestrations). The show focuses on the three Alexander brothers, as they return to their family home to settle the estate after their mother's passing. Featuring 16 songs, Mum's Kitchen had its full length premiere season in February 2021, after workshop development in 2019 and 2020. The show's cast featured Kyle Chuen, Scot Hall, Julia Booth, and Wintec Visiting Research Fellow Nic Kyle. Nick Braae was Musical Director/Pianist; David Sidwell was Director. The show's season was a commercial success and garnered positive criticism and feedback from reviewers and audiences
A meta ethnography of the cultural constructs of menopause in indigenous women and the context of Aotearoa/New Zealand
No full textAbstract
The researchers aim in this synthesis is to interpret the cultural constructions of menopause in Indigenous women and apply these interpretations to the context of Māori women in Aotearoa/New Zealand. There is a lack of research about Indigenous women’s interpretations of health, and how culture mediates understandings and experiences of menopause. There is even less research regarding Māori women’s understandings and experiences of menopause, as the discourse is dominated by Western ideology. Using meta ethnography methodology, the researchers selected eight studies, that provided the foundations to enable the interpretation of the cultural constructions of menopause in Indigenous women. The findings were then translated into four metaphors- natural, cultural protection, freedom and idiomatic and then were subsequently translated to Māori concepts mana wahine, Mātauranga Māori, tikanga and pepeha. We suggest that broader mainstream understandings of the cultural constructions of menopause for Indigenous women are necessary to provide equitable health outcomes for Māori and other Indigenous women. The researchers further developed a model that can be used to represent the foundations of Māori women’s conscious understandings and experience of menopause
Consistency Is Key When Setting a New World Record for Running 10 Marathons in 10 Days
Get PDFBackground: We describe the requirements and physiological changes when running 10 consecutive marathons in 10 days at the same consistent pace by a female ultra-endurance
athlete. Methods: Sharon Gayter (SG) 54 yrs, 162.5 cm, 49.3 kg maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) 53 mL/kg−1/min−1
. SG completed 42.195 km on a treadmill every day for 10 days. We measured heart rate (HR), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), oxygen uptake (VO2), weight, body
composition, blood parameters, nutrition, and hydration. Results: SG broke the previous record by ~2.5 h, with a cumulative completion time of 43 h 51 min 39 s. Over the 10 days, weight decreased from 51 kg to 48.4 kg, bodyfat mass from 9.1 kg to 7.2 kg (17.9% to 14.8%), and muscle mass
from 23.2 kg to 22.8 kg. For all marathons combined, exercise intensity was ~60% VO2 max; VO2 1.6 ± 0.1 L.min−1/32.3 ± 1.1 mL.kg−1 .min−1, RER 0.8 ± 0, HR 143 ± 4 b.min−1
. Energy expenditure
(EE) was 2030 ± 82 kcal/marathon, total EE for 10 days (including BMR) was 33,056 kcal, daily energy intake (EI) 2036 ± 418 kcal (20,356 kcal total), resulting an energy deficit (ED) of 12,700 kcal.
Discussion: Performance and pacing were highly consistent across all 10 marathons without any substantial hysiological decrements. Although overall EI did not match EE, leading to a significant ED, resulting in a 2.6 kg weight loss and decreases in bodyfat and skeletal muscle mass, this did not
affect performance
Ngā Roopu Awhi: Integration in social work education
Get PDFNgā Roopu Awhi (NRA) is closed small group session students participate within during their 4 years on the Bachelor of Social Work. The group sessions provide a vehicle for integration of learning. Data collection undertaken in 2019 from students and program graduates have shown NRA has supported ability to participate in supervision, integrate theory and practice manage conflict and participate in teams are among developments acquired and making graduates ready to work as beginning social workers. The presentation provides historic development, theoretical underpinning, how NRA works and details responses from students and graduates. A tutor process that operates alongside the NRA sessions is provided also
In the Absence of Rules (series): “Fight or Flight”
No full textContribution to Ramp Gallery curated exhibition - Rauhi.
Photograph - analogue multi-exposure - digital print on Dibon
Chicago (Musical Director/Performer)
No full textMusical director and performer for Hamilton Operatic Society's Chicago; Clarence Street Theatre, 25 June - 10 July 2021
Using data science tools and techniques for creating and maintaining a passive investment portfolio
Get PDFIn this workshop, we will explore how data science tools and techniques can be used to build and maintain an ETF-based investment portfolio. You will also understand what are exchange traded funds (ETFs) and what is a passive investment portfolio.
Data science techniques such as confidence intervals play an important role when comparing and selecting ETFs that are statistically capable to perform according to the investor's expected returns.
Data Science tools also help to track and periodically rebalance the portfolio
The effects of menthol on a modified three-minute maximal test in the heat.
Get PDFPrevious menthol studies have been demonstrated alongside endurance-based physical
activity. However, in current literature there is a need for research with athletes participating in sports that require short bouts of exercise that exceed aerobic capacity. The aim of this study was
to trial 0.1% menthol concentrate with participants completing a modified 3-minute maximal test in an environmental heat chamber (33.0 ± 3.0° with RH 46.0 ± 5.0%). In a randomised crossover single blind placebo-controlled study, 11 participants completed 3 modified maximal tests, and each trial included a different mouth rinse; either menthol (A), cold water (B) or placebo (C). Participants were asked their thermal comfort (TC), sensation (TS) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) throughout the test while being measured for heart rate, core temperature, oxygen uptake (V̇O2), ventilatory equivalent (VE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for the entirety of the test. Blood lactate
(BLa) was taken before and after the test. Results reported small to moderate effects through effects sizes (Cohen’s d) accompanying a 90% confidence interval. Main effects between solutions A, B and C in relation to relative power towards the end of the test. During 75-105 seconds between solutions A vs B (ES:0.795; 90% CI: 0.204 to 1.352) and A vs C (ES:1.059; 90% CI: 0.412 to 1.666) also between A vs B (ES:0.729; 90% CI: 0.152 to 1.276) and A vs C (ES:0.791; 90% CI: 0.202 to 1.348) for seconds 105-135 while also for 135-165 seconds there was a moderate effect seen for A vs B solution (ES:1.058; 90% CI: 0.411 to 1.665). This alludes to participants producing higher power for a longer duration at high intensities with the addition of the menthol mouth rinse. The use of menthol (0.1%) as a mouth rinse has shown small performance benefits for short bouts of high intensity exercise in the heat