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A Punishment that Harms Everyone and Benefits No One: An Analysis of the Use of Solitary Confinement Under Common Sociological Theories of Punishment
Get PDFIn the United States, experts estimate that nearly 100,000 incarcerated individuals are held in solitary confinement. While individuals can be held in solitary confinement for a variety of reasons, many are placed in lockdown because they have untreated mental illnesses, have committed some sort of minor disciplinary infraction, are need of protection, or for unpopular personal beliefs. In other words, solitary confinement is used as a broad catch-all to a wide range of low-level and nonviolent misbehaviors. This note argues that solitary confinement is an unjustifiable mode of punishment as analyzed under two commonly cited sociological theories of punishment: retributivism and reductivism. While these theories differ in their requirements and goals for punishment, they both presume that, at the minimum, some sort of sufficient justification is required for punishment. More specifically however, under the lens of retributivism, solitary confinement is an inappropriate form of punishment because it fails to punish individuals who are sufficiently blameworthy, and the method of punishment is disproportional to the harm committed. Under reductivism, solitary confinement is unjustifiable as a punishment because it does not deter incarcerated individuals from offending again in the future, nor does it incapacitate those same individuals from harming themselves or someone else after they are released. Ultimately, because solitary confinement is not a justifiable form of punishment under these two theories, it must be eliminated as such a tool in prisons
Midwest Hydrogen Center of Excellence Comments to the Proposed IRA Rulemaking for IRS Rule 45V
Get PDFThe Midwest Hydrogen Center of Excellence submitted comments in support of efforts to draft language defining what forms of clean hydrogen production will be eligible for tax credits under IRS Section 45V. The need to transition our energy economy to clean hydrogen is urgent. If we rely primarily upon electrolysis and other renewable sources for hydrogen, it will take too long to develop. Accordingly, the 45V tax credit rules should be written to encourage clean hydrogen generation from steam methane reformation. Tax credits for generation of clean hydrogen from renewable natural gas, in particular, should phase in Scope 3 emission charges to enable RNG to be eligible for the credits
Keynote 1: Strategic Synergy: Open Education, AI, and the Imperative for Innovating Opportunities
No full textAdvances in Methods for tRNA Sequencing and Quantification
Get PDFIn the past decade tRNA sequencing (tRNA-seq) has attracted considerable attention as an important tool for the development of novel approaches to quantify highly modified tRNA species and to propel tRNA research aimed at understanding the cellular physiology and disease and development of tRNA-based therapeutics. Many methods are available to quantify tRNA abundance while accounting for modifications and tRNA charging/acylation. Advances in both library preparation methods and bioinformatic workflows have enabled developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflows. Other approaches forgo NGS applications in favor of hybridization-based approaches. In this review we provide a brief comparative overview of various tRNA quantification approaches, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, which together facilitate reliable tRNA quantification
Good Policing Practices Are Difficult, Even for the Avengers
Get PDFPolicing, as a topic, is complicated. Many have strong views as to what police should or should not be doing and how effectively they are doing it. Too often policing has become polarized with various perspectives disagreeing as to the future of policing. Black Lives Matter, Defund the Police, and Policing Abolition movements are on one spectrum compared to the Blue Lives Matter Movement or other mayoral or police union initiatives. This is clearly a time to collaborate and learn from the various perspectives to bring hope and change in the future. Lawyers, academics, community members, and police officers alike are all asking the same question: how can we contribute to the national effort to examine and address issues in policing and public safety, including conduct, oversight, and the evolving nature of police work?
This Article seeks to explore the realities of policing in a novel way and make overall suggestions to support effective policing. The Article will examine several policing practices by evaluating the Avengers as a police department in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (“MCU”) and look to the various perspectives in policing to do so. The Article will utilize (and criticize) this fictitious police department in order to touch upon several themes relevant to policing today: the concept of policing (the importance of structure and its leadership team), the community policing philosophy, police training, strategies and tactics used to reduce crime, the policing culture, problem-oriented policing (hots spots and predictive policing), police oversight, implicit bias, use of force, and current recruitment policies in place.
Our perspectives on policing are shared in part by our opinions about what the police are supposed to do and how police go about doing their job. Using one of the highest grossing media franchises of all time to compare and contrast police department practices will allow the reader to get a sense of where we are currently as it relates to current practices and police culture and where we want to be in the future. The infinity stones displayed in Avengers’ Infinity War and Endgame serve as a perfect catalyst to explore the types of changes the readers, as future lawmakers and policymakers, might want to think about in the future. The structure and values of society itself (through the lens of the Avengers’ movies) can shape what police do and how the policing institution is organized. Most importantly, policing is all about relationships—relationships with the community, with other players in the criminal legal system, and within their own departments. The characters in the MCU display those relationships in every aspect and remind us of our own flaws and hope for the future when we collaborate and work together toward positive solutions to an incredibly complicated problem—fixing the criminal legal system
Affordability by Design: Guiding Faculty Members on Using Textbook Alternatives Through a Self-Paced LMS Course
No full textHow can faculty members learn about ways to make textbooks more affordable for their students? This question drove the creation of a self-enrolled, self-paced course in Canvas for faculty members to learn about open educational resources, open education, and approaches to use when moving away from student-purchased textbooks. The process of instructional design used to construct the course and outcomes to date will be shared
Wikipedia as an Open Pedagogy Tool: A Case Study
No full textHave you ever wondered how to integrate Wikipedia editing into your class? Or, if you’re a librarian, have you ever wondered how you can support Wikipedia editing in your role as an information literacy expert? This lightning talk will describe how a faculty member and librarian at Cleveland State University were able to use Wikipedia as an open pedagogy learning tool, even though both of them had never edited Wikipedia before the project started. You’ll learn how to get started, what the benefits of Wikipedia editing are as an open pedagogy tool, and why experience editing Wikipedia articles is not required to run a successful Wikipedia assignment
OhioLink Faculty Panel
No full textDo you have specific challenges related to finding or using OER in your discipline? Come and talk with other faculty in your area who have already begun the work of trying to convert courses to OER. Faculty moderators received OhioLINK OER Course Redesign Grants. Come with your questions or share your experiences about where to find good resources, how to incorporate ancillary materials, and/or how to overcome obstacles related to your field
