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Livestock manure-derived hydrochar improved rice paddy soil nutrients as a cleaner soil conditioner in contrast to raw material
No full textHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technology for resource disposal of livestock manure due to its advantages of high efficiency, low-energy consumption and no dehydration. Previous studies most focused on the characterization and applications in various fields of livestock manure-derived hydrochar (LMH). However, the effects of LMH as soil conditioner on agricultural soil nutrients, dissolved organic matter (DOM) changes and crop yields have not been clarified. The major factors affecting the rice yield of LMH after returning to the field are also seldom mentioned. In this study, a soil column experiment was conducted to explore the changes in soil basic characteristics, DOM and rice yield after returning cattle manure (CM) and cattle manure-derived hydrochar (CC180 and CC260) to the field on the premise of reducing inorganic fertilizer application. The results showed that CCs increased soil nutrient partly, including total phosphorus (by 6.8–18.9%), soil organic carbon (by 8.2%) and dissolved organic carbon (by 18.7%) compared to CM. Soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of CCs decreased by 5.8–9.9% and 4.7–15.8% in comparison with CM. LMH increased the stability of phosphorus by increasing the content of calcium bound phosphorus in soil. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectra expressed that soil DOM contained humic-like acid substances (C1 and C2) and tyrosine-like substances (C4). The three substances contents in soil DOM under LMH treatment were higher than that of CM by 15.8–85%. In addition, infrared spectra and two-dimensional correlation analysis showed the structure and evolution of functional groups in soil DOM, which indicated that high temperature could increase the hydrophobic and saturated substances in soil DOM. Furthermore, CCs were more significant than CM in rice yield by 19.9–36.9%. The findings illustrated that LMH is more beneficial to agricultural soil as a soil conditioner to replace part of chemical fertilizer than CM
Development and psychometric testing of the gender misconceptions of men in nursing (GEMINI) scale among nursing students
No full textBackground
Misconceptions about men in nursing may influence recruitment and retention, further perpetuating the gender diversity imbalance in the nursing workforce. Identifying misconceptions and implementing early intervention strategies to address these deep-rooted stereotypes remain challenging but is considered critical to support students who are commencing a nursing career.
Objective
To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the ‘Gender Misconceptions of meN in nursIng (GEMINI) Scale.
Design
Cross-sectional survey.
Methods
Pre-registration nursing students enrolled in undergraduate nursing programmes across 16 nursing institutions in Australia were surveyed from July to September 2021. The 17-item self-report GEMINI Scale measured the gender misconceptions of men in nursing.
Results
Of the 1410 completed surveys, data from 683 (45%) women were used for exploratory factor analysis showing a one factor structure, while data from 727 men (47%) were used for confirmatory factor analysis of the 17-item GEMINI Scale, which showed a good model fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.892). Men were found to have higher gender misconceptions (p < 0.001) while respondents who: (a) identified nursing as their first career choice (p = 0.002); (b) were in their final year of programme enrolment (p = 0.016); and (c) engaged in health-related paid work (p = 0.002) had lower gender misconceptions.
Conclusion
The GEMINI Scale is a robust, valid, reliable, and easy to administer tool to assess misconceptions about men in nursing, which may potentially influence academic performance and retention. Identifying and addressing specific elements of misconceptions could inform targeted strategies to support retention and decrease attrition among these students
Preface
Get PDFOver the past few years, the Internet of things (IoT) has introduced the possibility to design a whole new concept of our world "smart environments...
Calcium chelate is as effective as phosphite in controlling Phytophthora root rot in glasshouse trials
Get PDFSpecies in the genus Phytophthora cause significant economic losses in crops and damage to forests and natural ecosystems worldwide. Currently, phosphite is the most effective chemical for disease management, but excessive phosphite concentrations can result in phytotoxicity in plants and the development of tolerance by the pathogen. Two newly developed metal chelates and phosphite (alone and in combination) were tested for their in vitro and in planta efficacy against Phytophthora cinnamomi. In glasshouse trials, 0.25% and 0.5% of each chemical treatment (phosphite, Ca chelate, Zn chelate) and Ca chelate + phosphite were used as a foliar application on 3-month-old seedlings of Banksia grandis (experiment not repeated) and Eucalyptus marginata, prior to inoculation with P. cinnamomi. All noninoculated control plants remained healthy, while significant root damage and reduction of dry root weights were observed for inoculated untreated plants. Individually, phosphite and Ca chelate significantly reduced root lesion development of P. cinnamomi compared to the control, with Ca chelate attaining superior results to phosphite at the same concentration. In combination, Ca chelate + phosphite had the largest reduction in root lesion development in both plant species; however, this result has not yet been replicated but did reflect previous in vitro results. The Zn chelate applications were not effective. Ca chelate has the potential to be developed as a fungicide to control Phytophthora species
The ethical role of computational linguistics in digital psychological formulation and suicide prevention.
Get PDFFormulation is central to clinical practice. Formulation has a factor weighing, pattern recognition and explanatory hypothesis modelling focus. Formulation attempts to make sense of why a person presents in a certain state at a certain time and context, and how that state may be best managed to enhance mental health, safety and optimal change. Inherent to the clinical need for formulation is an appreciation of the complexities, uncertainty and limits of applying theoretical concepts and symptom, diagnostic and risk categories to human experience; or attaching meaning or weight to any particular factor in an individual's history or mental state without considering the broader biopsychosocial and cultural context. With specific reference to suicide prevention, this paper considers the need and potential for the computer linguistic community to be both cognisant of and ethically contribute to the clinical formulation process
Building-up resilience and being effective leaders in the workplace: A systematic review and synthesis model
No full textPurpose
Psychological resilience, defined here as the capacity to bounce back from adversity and failure, has been studied in various leadership contexts. However, the literature demonstrates less consensus concerning how psychological resilience manifests in, and interacts within, the leadership role and, equally, the focus on resilience development is underdeveloped. This paper addresses these issues by focusing on the interactions between psychological resilience and leadership and presents practical development strategies.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review employing 46 empirical studies followed a thematic synthesis within an associated model encapsulated as building-up resilience and being effective.
Findings
First, resilience is identified as essential and can benefit individuals and organizations' work outcomes across leadership contexts, including work performance, job engagement, well-being, and enhanced leadership capability. Secondly, leaders may build up their resilience by obtaining coping skills and improved attitudes toward challenges. Resilient attitudes, which are presented as paradoxical perspectives towards challenges, may help leaders adapt to challenges and adversities leading to beneficial outcomes.
Research limitations/implications
Even though this study provides a deeper understanding of the essential function of psychological resilience in leadership, the findings are limited to the workplace contexts investigated, e.g. exploring small sample sizes (13,019) or country contexts (22). Future research could expand the rhetoric around interactions between psychological resilience and leadership. Furthermore, the underlining mechanism between the paradoxical perspective and resilient attitudes is still largely unclear. Thus, more research is needed to disclose the interaction of paradoxical perceptions and leadership resilience. Further research can investigate how resilient attitudes demonstrate in actions in dealing with challenges and adversities.
Practical implications
The authors further an argument that leaders may enhance their resilience through embracing a paradoxical perspective towards challenges (resilient attitude), e.g. being adaptive to adversities, and the attitude of learning from failures. These enhanced resilient attitudes could help leaders deeper understand and examine their reality and persist under high pressures and develop an innate ability to utilise resources more effectively to help them survive and thrive in challenging circumstances, instead of becoming overwhelmed by the burden of complexity or giving up. This will offer a practical contribution to resilience development.
Social implications
Importantly, this study found that resilience is an essential leadership trait and can benefit individuals and organizations' work outcomes across leadership contexts. These positive effects of resilience may encourage organizations or society to promote psychological resilience, including a resilient attitude, to deal with adversities and uncertainties.
Originality/value
Fundamentally, the synthesized model applied may encourage further studies to focus on how to build up resilience and practically apply it in workplaces across leadership contexts. In particular, this study found that adopting paradoxical perspectives and ambidextrous leadership approaches toward adversities is an original resilience development strategy, which serves to contribute to the gap in the literature
Chromosome-specific potential intron polymorphism markers for large-scale genotyping applications in pomegranate
Get PDFDespite the availability of whole genome assemblies, the identification and utilization of gene-based marker systems has been limited in pomegranate. In the present study, we performed a genome-wide survey of intron length (IL) markers in the 36,524 annotated genes of the Tunisia genome. We identified and designed a total of 8,812 potential intron polymorphism (PIP) markers specific to 3,445 (13.40%) gene models that span 8 Tunisia chromosomes. The ePCR validation of all these PIP markers on the Tunisia genome revealed single-locus amplification for 1,233 (14%) markers corresponding to 958 (27.80%) genes. The markers yielding single amplicons were then mapped onto Tunisia chromosomes to develop a saturated linkage map. The functional categorization of 958 genes revealed them to be a part of the nucleus and the cytoplasm having protein binding and catalytic activity, and these genes are mainly involved in the metabolic process, including photosynthesis. Further, through ePCR, 1,233 PIP markers were assayed on multiple genomes, which resulted in the identification of 886 polymorphic markers with an average PIC value of 0.62. In silico comparative mapping based on physically mapped PIP markers indicates a higher synteny of Tunisia with the Dabenzi and Taishanhong genomes (>98%) in comparison with the AG2017 genome (95%). We then performed experimental validation of a subset of 100 PIP primers on eight pomegranate genotypes and identified 76 polymorphic markers, with 15 having PIC values ≥0.50. We demonstrated the potential utility of the developed markers by analyzing the genetic diversity of 31 pomegranate genotypes using 24 PIP markers. This study reports for the first time large-scale development of gene-based and chromosome-specific PIP markers, which would serve as a rich marker resource for genetic variation studies, functional gene discovery, and genomics-assisted breeding of pomegranate
Editorial expression of concern: Formation of giant iron oxide-copper-gold deposits by superimposed, episodic hydrothermal pulses
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Reproduction, sexually dimorphic growth, exceptional longevity and low natural mortality of the knifejaw, Oplegnathus woodwardi, from temperate waters in the south-eastern Indian Ocean
No full textThis is the first study of the life history characteristics of the monotypic Oplegnathus woodwardi. A total of 371 samples were collected from waters along the continental shelf (depths 30–120 m) off south-western Australia from 2010 to 2014, with a further 31 individuals collected in 1978/1979. Maximum ages of 51 and 53 years obtained from these contemporary and historical samples, respectively, are markedly higher than previous age estimates of two congeners from South African waters, whose ages were based on counts of growth zones in whole otoliths. Traditional von Bertalanffy growth (vBG) curves provided the best fit to the length at age data for females and males of O. woodwardi, when compared to vBG curves with t0 constrained to − 0.5 or the four parameter Schnute growth curve. In south-western Australia O. woodwardi exhibits a spring-summer spawning period, which is consistent with other temperate demersal teleosts along this coast. The age-based life history characteristics of O. woodwardi determined from this study, provide important information from which to infer the inherent vulnerability of this species. This study also contributes toward the broader sustainable management of this species, particularly where life history information is unknown but higher catches and smaller length compositions likely render that fisheries resource to be at a higher risk
English Testing of the optimum extragent for solvent-extraction of Almaly deposit copper
No full textFor the solvent extraction of copper from pregnant leach solutions, (PLS) a wide range of modern extractants is currently offered on the market, and its choice is a very important issue in the production of copper using the SX-EW (Solvent Extraction and Electrowinning) technology. The purpose of this work was to determine the optimal copper extractant for processing productive solutions of the Almaly deposit using the SX-EW. The studies were carried out with a productive solution obtained by leaching copper ores from the Almaly deposit of composition, g/dm3: 1) Cu– 0.262, Fe–17.97, SiO2–0.36. The results of copper extraction from model solutions showed that the maximum extraction of copper (94%) is observed when using the extractant 5% Acorga 5640, while the other extractants did not provide a high degree of extraction of 10% Lix984 - 93%; 10% Acorga 5640 - 91%; 10% Acorga 5910 and 10% Acorga 5747 - 85% each. According to the results of the retraction process, a high degree of copper extraction from the organic phase (90.2 and more) was ensured when using extractants of 5% Acorga 5640, 10% Lix984, and 10% Acorga 5640, the minimum - at 10% Acorga 5910 (88.2%). For the extraction of copper from the productive solution of the Almaly deposit 5% Acorga 5640 was chosen as the optimal extractant