Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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The influence of macroelements on energy consumption during periodic power electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals contaminated black soil
No full textTwo periodic power (12 h ON/12 h OFF and 18 h ON/6 h OFF) electrokinetic (EK) treatments were conducted to investigate their influence on the removal of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), depletion of soil macroelements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn) and electric energy consumption. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of heavy metals were higher than 80% in all the tested EK treatments. Periodic power EK treatment reduced the depletion of Fe and the electrical energy consumption compared with the constant power EK treatment. The lowest energy consumption and depletion of Fe were obtained in the periodic power of 12 h ON/12 h OFF EK treatment. A specific energy concept was developed based on the assumption that all the metals were removed by electromigration and used to predict the energy consumption for each metal. The results showed that more than 40% of electric energy was consumed to remove Fe in all the tested EK treatments. In comparison with the constant power EK treatment, the energy consumption for Fe reduced by 1264 kWh/m(3) in the periodic power (12 h ON/12 h OFF) EK treatment, which accounted for 54.74% of the total reduction energy consumption in this EK treatment. Our results demonstrated that the reduction of energy consumption for Fe was one of the main contributors to save the total energy consumption. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Evaluation of two hybrid poplar clones as constructed wetland plant species for treating saline water high in boron and selenium, or waters only high in boron
No full textWetland mesocosms were constructed to assess two hybrid poplar clones (Populustrichocarpa x P. deltoides x P. nigra '345-1' and '347-14') for treating saline water high in boron (B) and selenium (Se), and a hydroponic experiment was performed to test the B tolerance and B accumulation in both clones. In the mesocosm experiment, clone 345-1 exhibited no toxic symptoms at an EC of 10 mS cm(-1), while clone 347-14 showed slight toxic symptoms at 7.5 mS cm-1. The removal percentages of B, Se, sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) ranged from 26.7-45.6%, 50-69.4%, 18.4-24.0%, and 15.8-23.2%, respectively, by clone 345-1, and from 22.9-29.4%, 31.7-43.8%, 16.5-24.2%, and 14.9-23.9%, respectively, by clone 347-1. In the hydroponic experiment, B toxic symptoms were observed at treatments of 150 and 200 mg B L-1 for clones 345-1 and 347-14, respectively. The greatest leaf B concentrations of 3699 and 1913 mg kg(-1) were found in clone 345-1 and clone 347-14, respectively. The translocation factor (TF) of clone 347-14 was less than clone 345-1. Clone 345-1 only showed significantly greater (P < 0.05) B removal percentages than clone 347-14 when B treatment was <20 mg B L-1. In conclusion, both tested poplar clones competitively accumulated and removed B and Se in constructed wetlands. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier B.V
Spatio-temporal Dynamic of Quality of Life of Residents, Northeast China
No full textQuality of life (QOL) is a hotspot issue that has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese Government and scholars, it is also a vital issue that should be addressed during the cause of ′establishing overall well-off society′. Northeast China is one of the most import old industrial bases in China, however, the industrial structure of heavy chemical industry and the development mode of ′production first, living last′ have leaded to series of social problems, which have also become a serious bottleneck to social stability and economic sustainable development. Through applying the methods of BP neural network, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression model, this paper examines the space-time dynamics of QOL of the residents in Northeast China. We first investigate the indexes of QOL of the residents and then use ESDA methods to visualize its space-time relationship. We have found a spatial agglomeration of QOL of the residents in middle-southern Liaoning Province, central Jilin Province and Harbin-Qiqihar-Daqing area of Heilongjiang Province. Two third of the counties are low-low spatial correlation, and the correlative type of about 60% of the prefecture level areas keeps stable, indicating QOL of the residents in Northeast China shows a certain character of path dependence or spatial locked. We have also found that economic strength and development levels of service industry have positive and obvious effect on QOL of the residents, while the effect of such indexes as the social service level and the proportion of the tertiary industries are less
Narrow distribution of cyanophage psbA genes observed in two paddy waters of Northeast China by an incubation experiment
No full textCyanophages are viruses that infect cyanobacteria. They play an important role in shaping the genetic and functional diversity of themselves and their hosts through genetic exchange and shuffling (Lindell et al., 2005; Singh et al., 2012). The psbA gene of cyanophages is a “hostderived” gene, and its encoded D1 protein is capable of maintaining photosynthesis in the infected cells when the host’s protein synthesis has been shut down by photoinhibition, thus ensuring a source of energy for phage production (Mann et al., 2003; Lindell et al., 2005). High diversity of viral psbA sequences was observed in both marine waters (Sharon et al., 2007; Chenard and Suttle, 2008; Sandaa et al., 2008) and lake freshwaters (Chenard and Suttle, 2008; Wilhelm and Matteson, 2008; Ge et al., 2013; Zhong and Jacquet, 2013), but the investigations and analysis of cyanophage psbA genes in terrestrial ecosystems have been ignored
Interactive effects of irrigation and exponential fertilization on nutritional characteristics in Populus 3 euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ cuttings in an open-air nursery in Beijing, China
No full text松花江流域(吉林省段)产业系统生态效率时空分异特征与影响因素
No full text在对产业系统生态效率内涵进行阐释的基础上,基于资源消减、清洁生产和末端治理等不同生产环节生态效率要素综合构建了产业系统生态效率测度模型以及产业系统可持续性评价模型,并据此对松花江流域(吉林省段)产业系统生态效率时空演变特征以及影响因素进行了深入分析,研究发现:①综合型城市侧重于源头消减效率的提高从而使产业变“轻”,总体呈现低投入、低消耗以及低排放的发展特征。资源型城市侧重于清洁生产效率的提高从而使产业变“清”,总体呈现高投入、高利用以及高排放的发展特征。②产业系统生态效率增长幅度为白城市>松原市>吉林市>松花江流域>长春市,流域特征明显。另外从不同生产环节效率对生态效率的贡献率分析可知,资源减量化以及末端治理是松花江流域(吉林省段)生态效率变化的决定性因素。③总体上流域产业系统可持续性有不断增强的趋势,但产业可持续性发展态势分异现象显著。并且产业可持续性发展规律性较差侧面说明了区域产业之间缺乏有效的分工与联系,产业联动发展模式尚未形成。④认为所有制结构、环境管理力度、外商投资以及科学技术是松花江流域(吉林省段)产业系统生态效率的影响因素,而经济发展水平、产业结构以及政府调控因素没有通过显著性检验
钾肥施用增加菜用大豆生殖生长期不同部位钾素积累
No full text利用菜用大豆品种(系)中科毛豆1号和品系121,在正常氮磷种肥用量基础上,进行不施钾(KO),种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)(Kl),种肥施钾120 kg·hm~(-2)+叶面喷施钾肥(K2)3种施钾处理,探究菜用大豆开花后28~56 d内茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮、籽粒中钾素积累动态。结果表明:相同时期不同部位钾素积累均为K2>K1 >K0,各部位钾的相对积累量为籽粒>荚皮>叶片>叶柄>茎。同时发现,菜用大豆茎秆、叶片、叶柄、荚皮中钾积累量均随着生育进程逐渐下降,而籽粒中钾素的积累在开花后28~42d下降,42~49 d升高,随后略有降低。施用钾肥增加了菜用大豆植株各部位的钾积累量,施钾叶面肥可进一步增加钾积累量
沼泽湿地主要类型英文词汇内涵及辨析
No full text沼泽湿地是最主要的湿地类型,对于维持全球生态平衡与生态安全具有极其重要的作用。与其他类型湿地相比,沼泽湿地具有生态系统的高度多样性和结构复杂性,类型划分更为困难,这导致许多学者在进行沼泽湿地研究时研究对象对应的英文用词不当,混用、误用现象普遍,严重影响科学研究成果的传播和正确使用。通过查阅大量国内外湿地研究领域权威学术资料,并结合野外实际工作经验,本文阐述沼泽湿地主要类型的英文词汇(swamp,marsh,peatland,bog,fen等)的内涵,并将相近的沼泽湿地类型两两对比,简明扼要地揭示其主要的区分特征。在以上工作的基础上,阐明造成沼泽湿地主要类型英文词汇混淆的主要原因为:1)不同国家或地区间的语言差异; 2)不同国家或地区的文化和研究习惯差异; 3)部分沼泽湿地自身的独特性难以明确区分; 4)不同时期对沼泽湿地的认识不同。本研究结果能够为从事湿地科学研究及管理的相关人员提供一定的科学依据,更好地促进湿地科学领域研究成果的正确、广泛传播
草铵膦对斑马鱼胚胎及仔鱼的毒性研究
No full text草铵膦(glufosinate-ammonium,GLA)是一种广谱触杀型非选择性除草剂,随着在生产中应用的不断增加,其生物安全性也越来越受到人们的重视。试验以斑马鱼Danio rerio胚胎为动物模型,用不同剂量的草铵膦染毒受精后2 h的斑马鱼胚胎,观察其死亡率和形态学变化,并应用原位杂交和QRT-PCR技术检测了Vasa基因表达情况,以分析草铵膦的毒性作用。结果表明:1.6 μg/L的草铵膦对斑马鱼胚胎有显著致死作用、1.3 μg/L的草铵膦有显著致畸作用,其中畸形表现为尾部弯曲和阻碍黑色素沉着。原位杂交结果显示:1.3 μg/L的草铵膦可引起Vasa表达的部分缺失,QRT-PCR定量分析发现,草铵膦可引起斑马鱼胚胎Vasa基因表达水平下调3.8倍。表明草铵膦对斑马鱼胚胎有较强的致死毒性、致畸作用和潜在的生殖毒性
沟渠化对沼泽湿地土壤铁分异的影响
No full text利用沼泽湿地中距离渠岸不同位置所形成的沼泽土壤水文植被特征的差异,通过原位采集不同深度的土壤和土壤溶液,比较了湿地土壤固相和液相中铁的空间分异,分析了沟渠化对这种分异的影响。结果表明,土壤总铁量呈距离沟渠越近其质量分数越高,总铁量从沟渠边( 25.17±4.06) g /kg下降到8.8 m外的( 21.81±3.47) g / kg,减少了13.35%;无论溶解性亚铁( Fe~(2+) ) 、溶解性高铁( Fe~(3+) )还是溶解性总铁,都表现为随沟渠距离增加,先增加再降低的趋势,即距离沟渠4.4 m处溶解性铁质量浓度最高( ( 1.75±0.95) mg /L) ;以溶解性亚铁( Fe~(2+) )与溶解性高铁( Fe~(3+) )质量浓度比,表征的土壤氧化还原环境以距离沟渠6.6 m处还原性最强。沟渠对天然湿地的穿过显著影响土壤铁的分布,导致部分铁通过土壤表层( 0~ -10 cm)的冲刷和中上层土壤( -20~ -40 cm)的侧向渗流从沟渠两侧土壤向沟渠汇集,从而导致天然湿地土壤铁的流失。土壤pH值和水势是影响土壤铁空间分异的主要因素