Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Shift in functional plant groups under flooding impacted ecosystem C and N in the Three of China
No full textMicroplastics provide new microbial niches in aquatic environments
No full textMicroplastics in the biosphere are currently of great environmental concern because of their potential toxicity for aquatic biota and human health and association with pathogenic microbiota. Microplastics can occur in high abundance in all aquatic environments, including oceans, rivers and lakes. Recent findings have highlighted the role of microplastics as important vectors for microorganisms, which can form fully developed biofilms on this artificial substrate. Microplastics therefore provide new microbial niches in the aquatic environment, and the developing biofilms may significantly differ in microbial composition compared to natural free-living or particle-associated microbial populations in the surrounding water. In this article, we discuss the composition and ecological function of the microbial communities found in microplastic biofilms. The potential factors that influence the richness and diversity of such microbial microplastic communities are also evaluated. Microbe-microbe and microbe-substrate interactions in microplastic biofilms have been little studied and are not well understood. Multiomics tools together with morphological, physiological and biochemical analyses should be combined to provide a more comprehensive overview on the ecological role of microplastic biofilms. These new microbial niches have so far unknown consequences for microbial ecology and environmental processes in aquatic ecosystems. More knowledge is required on the microbial community composition of microplastic biofilms and their ecological functions in order to better evaluate consequences for the environment and animal health, including humans, especially since the worldwide abundance of microplastics is predicted to dramatically increase
cyclicadenosinemonophosphatesignalpathwayisinvolvedinregulationoftriacylglycerolbiosynthesisfollowingnitrogendeprivationinchlamydomonasreinhardtii
No full textThe unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying various biological processes, such as photosynthesis, flagellar motility, and lipid metabolism. To find some novel genes regulating the lipid metabolism under various stress conditions, the paromomycin resistance gene aphVIII was transferred into the genome of C. reinhardtii to establish a mutant library. Two genes mutated in two of the TAG-reduced mutants (Cre06.g278111 in M2 mutant, Cre06.g278110 in M6 mutants) were neighboring in the genome, and their expression levels were down-regulated in their corresponding mutants in parallel with their reduced TAG levels following N deprivation. The proteins encoded by these two genes (KCN11 by Cre06.g278111, ACYC3 by Cre06.g278110) contained a conversed cyclic mononucleotide phosphate (cNMP) binding protein and an adenylate domain, respectively. Since cNMP binding protein and adenylate domain have been known as important components of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, suggesting that these two genes might affect cellular TAG biosynthesis through cAMP signal pathway
不同饲料原料对黄颡鱼表观消化率及消化酶活性的影响
No full text实验研究黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)对分别含有豆粕、发酵豆粕、菜粕和发酵菜粕的4种饲料以及这4种原料的干物质、蛋白、能量及氨基酸的表观消化率,为黄颡鱼饲料的配制提供科学依据,同时测定不同原料对消化道胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及淀粉酶活性以及血液指标谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总蛋白及碱性磷酸酶的影响。结果显示:黄颡鱼对4种原料的干物质的表观消化率有显著差异,其利用率由高到低依次为豆粕、发酵豆粕、菜粕及发酵菜粕(P 0.05)。黄颡鱼对各原料蛋氨酸和组氨酸的表观消化率没有显著性差异且低于83%(P>0.05),而对各原料中其他氨基酸的表观消化率均有显著性差异,在85%-98%之间,发酵菜粕各氨基酸的表观消化率显著低于其他3种原料(P 中后肠>胃的趋势,糜蛋白酶活力在不同原料间无显著差异,糜蛋白酶活力呈现胃>前肠>中后肠的趋势,淀粉酶活性呈现前肠>胃>中后肠。血液指标谷草转氨酶在豆粕组显著高于其他原料组(P 0.05)。综上所述,豆粕、发酵豆粕、菜粕和发酵菜粕均可以作为黄颡鱼饲料中优质的蛋白源。</p
Zebrafish cyp17a1 knockout reveals that androgen-mediated signaling is important for male brain sex differentiation
No full textBrain sex differentiation is a complex process, wherein genes and steroid hormones act to induce specific gender brain differentiation. Testosterone (T) derived from the gonads has been linked to neural circuit modeling in a sex-specific manner. Previously, we have shown that cyp17a1 knockout (KO) zebrafish have low plasma androgen levels, and display compromised male-typical mating behaviors. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of cyp17a1 KO males with T or 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) is sufficient to rescue mating impairment by restoring the male-typical secondary sex characters (SSCs) and mating behaviors, confirming an essential role of androgen in maintaining SSCs and mating behaviors. Brain steroid hormone analysis revealed that cyp17a1 KO fish have reduced levels of T and 11-KT. We performed RNA sequencing on brain samples of control and cyp17a1 KO male zebrafish to get insights regarding the impact of cyp17a1 KO on gene expression pattern, and to correlate it with the observed disruption of male-typical mating behaviors. Transcriptome analysis of cyp17a1 KO males showed a differential gene expression when compared to control males. In total, 358 genes were differentially regulated between control males and KO males. Important genes including brain aromatase (cyp19a1b), progesterone receptor (pgr), deiodinase (dio2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) that are involved in brain functions, as well as androgen response genes including igf1, frem1a, elovl1a, pax3a, mmp13b, hsc70, ogg1 were regulated. RT-qPCR analysis following rescue of cyp17a1 KO with T and 11-KT further suggested that androgen-mediated signaling is disrupted in the cyp17a1 KO fish. Our results indicated that cyp17a1 KO fish have an incomplete masculinization and altered brain gene expression, which could be due to decreased androgen levels
Effects of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) on Water Quality in Aquatic Ecosystems: An Experimental Mesocosm Study
No full textThe presence of omnivorous fish is known to affect aquatic ecosystems, including water quality. The effect, however, depends on the species in question, and our knowledge is limited on the effect of omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus), a common and often the most numerous fish species in eutrophic shallow lakes in China. We conducted a 70-day outdoor experiment in mesocosms with and without crucian carp to examine whether this species adversely affects water quality by increasing the levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), thereby stimulating the biomass of phytoplankton and increasing water turbidity. Compared with carp-free controls, the presence of crucian carp resulted in higher TN and TP in the water column, greater phytoplankton biomass and lower periphyton biomass, measured as chlorophyll a. Total suspended solids (TSS) also increased in the presence of fish. We conclude that crucian carp can increase TN and TP, enhance phytoplankton biomass, and increase water turbidity, thereby contributing significantly to the deterioration of the water quality. In addition to controlling external nutrient loading, the removal of crucian carp may help to improve water quality in warm shallow eutrophic lakes
Shift in functional plant groups under flooding impacted ecosystem C and N in the Three of China
No full textEFFECT OF A PHOTOCATALYTIC COMPOSITE COUPLED WITH POTAMOGETOR CRISPUS ON CONTROL SEDIMENT PHOSPHORUS
No full textThe treatment efficiency of phosphorus (P) in a sediment with the joint action of a new photocatalytic composite Sr-TiO2/PCFM and submerged macrophyte was studied for the first time in Donghu Lake. Wuhan, China. The results showed that Sr-TiO2/PCFM prepared by the sol-gel process exhibited a strong photocatalytic capacity. The dosage of Sr-TiO2/PCFM, irradiation, operation temperature, reaction time and pH were the principal factors affecting the removal of each sediment P forms by Sr-TiO2/PCFM. The synergistic effect of Sr-TiO2/PCFM and submerged macrophyte Potamogetor crispus on the sediment P under irradiation and control conditions showed that the removal rates of each P form have been further enhanced after irradiation. The unity of Sr-TiO2/PCFM and Potamogeton crispus plays a more important role in removing the sedimental P than the summation of Sr-TiO2/PCFM and Potamogeton crispus used separately under the irradiation conditions. The results suggested that the united technology of Sr-TiO2/PCFM and submerged macrophyte could be further applied to the treatment of endogenous P pollution in eutrophic lakes
ADNP Controls Gene Expression Through Local Chromatin Architecture by Association With BRG1 and CHD4
No full textADNP (Activity Dependent Neuroprotective Protein) is proposed as a neuroprotective protein whose aberrant expression has been frequently linked to rare neural developmental disorders and cancers, including the recently described neurodevelopmental Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome. Recent studies have suggested that ADNP functions as an important chromatin regulator. However, how ADNP-regulated chromatin mechanisms control gene expression and stem cell fate commitment remains unclear. Here we show that ADNP interacts with two chromatin remodelers, BRG1 and CHD4. ADNP is required for proper establishment of chromatin accessibility, nucleosome configuration, and bivalent histone modifications of developmental genes. Loss of ADNP leads to enhancer over-activation and increased ratio of H3K4me3/H3K27me3 at key primitive endoderm (PrE) gene promoters, resulting in prominent up-regulation of these genes and priming ES cell differentiation toward endodermal cell types. Thus, our work revealed a key role of ADNP in the establishment of local chromatin landscape and structure of developmental genes by association with BRG1 and CHD4. These findings provide further insights into the role of ADNP in the pathology of the Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome
Distinct roles of alternative oxidase pathway during the greening process of etiolated algae
No full textThe vital function of mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway in optimizing photosynthesis during plant de-etiolation has been well recognized. However, whether and how AOX impacts the chloroplast biogenesis in algal cells remains unclear. In the present study, the role of AOX in regulating the reassembly of chloroplast in algal cells was investigated by treatingAuxenochlorella protothecoideswith salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), the specific inhibitor to AOX, in the heterotrophy to autotrophy transition process. Several lines of evidences including delayed chlorophyll accumulation, lagged reorganization of chloroplast structure, altered PSI/PSII stoichiometry, and declined photosynthetic activities in SHAM treated cells indicated that the impairment in AOX activity dramatically hindered the development of functioning chloroplast in algal cells. Besides, the cellular ROS levels and antioxidant enzymes activities were increased by SHAM treatment, and the perturbation on the balance of NAD(+)/NADH and NADP(+)/NADPH ratios was also observed inA. protothecoideslacking AOX activity, indicating that AOX was essential in promoting ROS scavenging and keeping the redox homeostasis for algal chloroplast development during greening. Overall, our study revealed the essentiality of mitochondrial AOX pathway in sustaining algal photosynthetic performance and provided novel insights into the physiological roles of AOX on the biogenesis of photosynthetic organelle in algae