Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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巢湖沿岸带底栖动物群落结构及其环境质量评价
No full text2013年3月、6月、9月和11月四个季度对巢湖沿岸带24个站点(12个区域)底栖动物进行调查,分析了群落结构特征并进行环境质量评价。本次调查共采集到底栖动物64属种,以寡毛类和水生昆虫为主,合计占总种类数的68.7%。底栖动物的平均密度和平均生物量(无灰干重)分别是(1005±233)ind./m~2和(2.24±1.29)g/m~2。巢湖沿岸带底栖动物优势类群为颤蚓类和摇蚊幼虫。利用底栖动物种类数、寡毛类密度占比、摇蚊幼虫密度占比和软体动物密度占比四个指标,对巢湖沿岸带环境质量进行综合评价,结果显示巢湖东岸环境质量优于西岸,靠近合肥市的万年埠处于严重污染状态。典型对应分析结果表明,影响底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子有底质、电导率和总氮。建议通过改善底质环境,恢复水生植被,削减总氮等措施来恢复巢湖沿岸带底栖动物群落多样性,提高巢湖生态环境质量。</p
geneticstructureanddemographichistoriesoftwosympatricculterspeciesineasternchina
No full textGeographic isolation is a key factor in shaping the genetic structure of many fish species. Two sympatric species, Culter alburnus and C. mongolicus, are economically important fish that are widely distributed in China and have been recently used as new aquaculture species. We used the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR) as a marker to investigate the genetic structure of the two species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major lineages (Lineages I and II) that were highly consistent with geographical patterns for C. alburnus and C. mongolicus. Based on genetic distance, the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Basin (ZRB) populations potentially represented a cryptic subspecies, which might be differentiated as the result of strict geographic isolation, an earlier diverged event, or peripheral areas. Genetic diversity analysis suggested that the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Basin (CRB) populations are located at, or near the core region of their origination, not only due to the larger population size at the CRB, but also their habitat diversity and suitability for its survival, and the genetic diversity differences among basin populations were significant for the two species. Moreover, demographic analysis indicated that the two Culter species and most populations had undergone a period of population expansion during warm interglacial periods. However, the C. alburnus population of Huaihe River Basin (Weishan Lake) exhibited different patterns during the interglacial period, which may due to the latest diverged time of HRB and Weishan Lake located at the permafrost. Notably, the ZRB (in Songtao Reservoir) C. mongolicus population showed no genetic diversity and had a unique haplotype, which could be treated as a special gene pool for species conservation. In summary, geographic isolation is most likely responsible for the two Culter species distribution patterns
根系分泌物介导的根际效应及在水体生态修复中的应用潜力
No full text文章主要以根系分泌物为核心,综述了根系分泌物的分类、发生机理及影响因素;围绕着植物-土壤-微生物三者的关系,阐述了根系分泌物介导的植物与植物之间的化感作用、植物与根际微生物之间的协同作用以及植物微生物相互作用对土壤物质循环的影响。水生植物以其生境的特殊性和功能的不可替代性,对沉积物污染物去除和水体生态修复产生显著的影响。在水体生态问题较为严峻的今天,充分认识水生植物根系分泌物介导的根际过程将为水生植物生态学和水体生态修复领域的发展提供基础,并为学科应用潜力的开发提供依据
新型人工浮岛强化降解污染物机理及应用研究
No full text分别构建了传统人工浮岛和新型人工浮岛2组系统,对比考察了对主要污染物的去除效果,分析了对污染物降解的机理,比较了植株高度、根系生长及填料降解情况。结果表明,2组人工浮岛对去除COD、TN、NO_3~--N、NH_4~+-N等4个水质指标的差异明显(p<0.05),新型人工浮岛系统对TP的去除率为94.55%,且对TN、NO_3~--N的去除效果要显著高于传统人工浮岛,其去除率分别达到了83.39%和81.50%。丝瓜络、玉米芯的添加和降解增大了污水的可生化性,强化了新型人工浮岛的脱氮除磷效果;种植了千屈菜的新型人工浮岛植株生长高度为传统人工浮岛的2.36倍。</p
Transcriptomic profiling revealed key signaling pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation of two carp species
No full textAbstractBackgroundClosely related species of the carp family (Cyprinidae) have evolved distinctive abilities to survive under cold stress, but molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of cold resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared transcriptomic profiles of two carp species to identify key factors and pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation.ResultsLarvae of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp that were pretreated at 18?°C for 24?h significantly improved their survival rates under lethal cold temperature at 8?°C or 10?°C, indicating that two carp species possess the ability of cold acclimation. However, Songpu mirror carp exhibited stronger abilities of cold tolerance and acclimation than Barbless carp. Transcriptomic profiles of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp larvae at 28?°C and 18?°C were compared during cold acclimation through RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes that are closely associated with the differences in cold acclimation between two carp species were identified through bioinformatics and Venn’s diagram analysis. GO enrichment analysis of these genes indicated that cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis, secondary alcohol metabolism and drug transport were the most up-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. Conversely, positive regulation of macroautophagy, intracellular protein transport, and organonitrogen compound catabolism were the most down-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Barbless carp. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that factors in the FoxO-related signaling pathways are mainly responsible for the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species since altering the phosphorylation of key proteins in the FoxO-related signaling pathways with inhibitors or an activator significantly decreased the cold tolerance and acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. These data provided key clues for dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cold tolerance and acclimation in carps.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that larvae of two carp species possess different abilities of cold tolerance and can build cold acclimation under mild low temperature. Multiple biological processes and FoxO-related signaling pathways are closely associated with the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species.</p
Dissecting the Vesicular Trafficking Function of IFT Subunits
No full textIntraflagellar transport (IFT) was initially identified as a transport machine with multiple protein subunits, and it is essential for the assembly, disassembly, and maintenance of cilium/flagellum, which serves as the nexus of extracellular-to-intracellular signal integration. To date, in addition to its well-established and indispensable roles in ciliated cells, most IFT subunits have presented more general functions of vesicular trafficking in the non-ciliated cells. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent progress on the vesicular trafficking functions of the IFT subunits and to highlight the issues that may arise in future research
Screening of High Temperature-Tolerant Oleaginous Diatoms
No full textScreening suitable strains with high temperature adaptability is of great importance for reducing the cost of temperature control in microalgae cultivation, especially in summer. To obtain high temperature-tolerant diatoms, water samples were collected in summer from 7 different regions of China across the Northeast, North and East. A total of 731 water samples was collected and from them 131 diatom strains were isolated and identified based on the 18S rRNA sequences. Forty-nine strains out of the 131 diatoms could survive at 30 degrees C, and 6 strains with relatively high biomass and lipid content at high temperature were selected and were found to be able to grow at 35 degrees C. Cyclotella sp. HB162 had the highest dry biomass of 0.46 g/l and relatively high triacylglycerol (TAG) content of 237.4 mg/g dry biomass. The highest TAG content of 246.4 mg/g dry biomass was obtained in Fistulifera sp. HB236, while Nitzschia palea HB170 had high dry biomass (0.33 g/l) but relatively low TAG content (105.9 mg/g dry biomass). N. palea HB170 and Fistulifera sp. HB236 presented relatively stable growth rates and lipid yields under fluctuating temperatures ranging from 28 to 35 degrees C, while Cyclotella HB162 maintained high lipid yield at temperatures below 25 degrees C. The percentage of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in all the 6 strains was 84-91% in total lipids and 90-94% in TAGs, which makes them the ideal feedstock for biodiesel
Screening of High Temperature-Tolerant Oleaginous Diatoms
No full textScreening suitable strains with high temperature adaptability is of great importance for reducing the cost of temperature control in microalgae cultivation, especially in summer. To obtain high temperature-tolerant diatoms, water samples were collected in summer from 7 different regions of China across the Northeast, North and East. A total of 731 water samples was collected and from them 131 diatom strains were isolated and identified based on the 18S rRNA sequences. Forty-nine strains out of the 131 diatoms could survive at 30 degrees C, and 6 strains with relatively high biomass and lipid content at high temperature were selected and were found to be able to grow at 35 degrees C. Cyclotella sp. HB162 had the highest dry biomass of 0.46 g/l and relatively high triacylglycerol (TAG) content of 237.4 mg/g dry biomass. The highest TAG content of 246.4 mg/g dry biomass was obtained in Fistulifera sp. HB236, while Nitzschia palea HB170 had high dry biomass (0.33 g/l) but relatively low TAG content (105.9 mg/g dry biomass). N. palea HB170 and Fistulifera sp. HB236 presented relatively stable growth rates and lipid yields under fluctuating temperatures ranging from 28 to 35 degrees C, while Cyclotella HB162 maintained high lipid yield at temperatures below 25 degrees C. The percentage of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in all the 6 strains was 84-91% in total lipids and 90-94% in TAGs, which makes them the ideal feedstock for biodiesel
Visual system: An understudied target of aquatic toxicology
No full textVisual system is increasingly recognized as a sensitive target of xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems. Various environmental pollutants of distinct physicochemical properties are able to impair the retinal development and function of teleost fishes, including dioxin-like pollutants, flame retardants, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl acids, retinoic acids and metals. Considering the availability of developmental and functional database, zebrafish has been the most frequently used as the teleost model to study aquatic visual toxicology. A diversity of visual deficits has been displayed for fishes across multiple levels of biological organizations (e.g., molecule, cell, histology, physiology and behavior). Covering sensitive developmental windows of eyes during early embryogenesis, acute or chronic exposure to xenobiotics can disturb the expressions of visual gene and protein markers, which affect the retinal neurogenesis and induce degeneration of neurons. Morphological structures and physiological responses of retina and optic rectum are then disorganized, eventually compromising the performance of visually-mediated behaviors and recruitment of individuals. Environmental pollutants can cross the blood-retina barrier and accumulate in eyes, which might impact visual system directly. In addition, pollutants are very likely to interrupt retinal development and function indirectly by disturbing the signaling of retinoids and thyroid. However, exact mechanisms of visual toxicity are largely unknown currently. In this review, the development and structure of retina and available tools for studying visual science are described briefly. Advances in visual toxicology are summarized in detail and outlooks for future visual toxicity studies are discussed
两种绿藻辅助饲喂对克氏原螯虾生理活性的影响
No full text以克氏原螯虾为研究对象,测定了在正常投喂人工颗粒饲料的基础上辅助添加小球藻、刚毛藻饲喂克氏原螯虾的生理活性。结果表明:试验期间添加小球藻(1.0×10^6—1.0×10^7 cells·L^-1)、刚毛藻(0.06—0.08 g·L^-1)对克氏原螯虾的生长与存活率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和肝胰脏酸性磷酸酶(ACP)的活性显著降低(P<0.05);机体的血细胞密度显著增加(P<0.05),外骨骼和肌肉中虾青素的含量极显著增加(P<0.01);单独添加刚毛藻肌肉虾青素含量也显著提高(P<0.05),血清、肝胰脏和肌肉碱性磷酸酶(AKP)的活性极显著提高(P<0.01),肝胰脏酸性磷酸酶的活性极显著降低(P<0.01)。摄食小球藻和刚毛藻对于克氏原螯虾的抗逆活性和免疫能力具有促进作用,养殖水体中适度添加小球藻和刚毛藻有助于克氏原螯虾的健康与活力