Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Unique duplication of IFNh genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reveals lineage-specific evolution of IFNh in perciform fishes
No full textFish appear to harbour a complex type I IFN repertoire containing subgroups a, b, c, d, e, f, and h, and IFNh is only reported in perciform fishes. However, no multiple copies of IFNh gene has been identified in fish to date. In this study, two IFNh genes named On-IFNh1 and On-IFNh2 were cloned from Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The predicted proteins of On-IFNh1 and On-IFNh2 contain several structural features known in type I IFNs, and estimation of divergence time revealed that these two genes may have arisen from a much recent local duplication event. On-IFNh genes were constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression level observed in gill, and were rapidly induced in all organs/tissues tested following the stimulation of poly(I:C). In addition, both recombinant On-IFNh1 and On-IFNh2 trigger a relative delayed but sustained induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whereas recombinant On-IFNc elicits a rapid and transient expression of ISGs in vivo. The present study thus contributes to a better understanding of the functional properties of tilapia interferons, and also provides a new insight into the evolution of IFNh in fish
鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落特征及水质评价
No full text为掌握白洋淀典型湖泊鲥鯸淀浮游动物群落结构及水体营养状况,于2018年秋季、2019年春季和夏季对该淀的浮游动物群落组成、密度、生物量和多样性进行调查研究,分析了主要水质理化指标,运用多变量统计方法分析浮游动群落结构与主要环境因子关系。共鉴定浮游动物3类52种,其中轮虫类种类数最多,为33种,占64.46%。共鉴定优势种23种,其中15个优势种为轮虫;浮游动物密度秋季最高,生物量夏季最高。冗余分析表明,氨氮、COD和总磷是轮虫群落分布的主要影响因子。综合多样性指数与水质指标评估鲥鯸淀水域处于中度污染状态。研究可为白洋淀生境保护和渔业资源的可持续利用提供科学依据
生态悬床技术对白洋淀水环境修复效果的研究
No full text为解决白洋淀深水区沉水植被恢复的问题,开发了一种由水生植物、绳索及支撑杆构建的生态悬床。生态悬床可根据水位变化调整在水体中的上下位置,2019年7月-2019年11月连续测定悬床周围水体中水质状况,研究了悬床种植沉水植物对湖泊深水区氮磷营养盐的净化效果。结果显示:狐尾藻在悬床上生长良好,并能有效地降低水体中的氮磷营养盐;试验开始一个月后,悬床周围水体总氮、总磷、亚硝酸盐氮去除率分别为40.54%、53.45%、99%;试验结束时,悬床周围水体总氮、亚硝酸盐氮和化学需氧量(COD)质量浓度分别比试验开始时下降了12.43%、33.93%、17.09%。研究表明:悬床种植沉水植物可有效解决沉水植物生长光照不足的问题,是北方藻型湖泊恢复沉水植被的有效措施之一
Xylanase supplementation in plant protein-enriched diets improves growth performance by optimizing the intestinal microflora and enhancing the intestinal immune function in grass carp grow-out (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
No full textThis study investigated the effect of xylanase supplementation of a plant protein-enriched diet on the growth performance and intestinal immune function of grass carp grow-out (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Five hundred forty healthy grass carp grow-out (232.74 +/- 0.12 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of xylanase for 60 days. The fish were then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results indicated that xylanase supplementation (a) improved fish growth performance and optimized the intestinal microflora; (b) increased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, complement and immunoglobulin M levels and antibacterial peptide hepcidin mRNA levels, thereby enhancing fish intestinal immune function; and (c) attenuated intestinal inflammation associated with the inhibition of the NF-kappa B signalling pathway and activation of the TOR signalling pathway, resulting in the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines [except IL-1 beta and IL-12p40 in the distal intestine (DI) and IL-6 in the proximal intestine (PI)] and up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines [except IL-4/13B and TGF-beta 1 in the mid intestine (MI) and DI]. Finally, on the premise of a basal diet containing 45.8 g/kg araboxylans (AXs), the appropriate supplementation levels based on the ability to improve per cent weight gain (PWG) and prevent enteritis were estimated to be 1,527 and 1,608 U/kg, respectively
太湖流域湖荡湿地水生植物的分布特征
No full text2018年在太湖流域内的87个湖荡湿地调查中共发现64种水生植物,隶属于33科51属.总体来看,太湖流域水生植物种类、数量以及覆盖面积与历史上比较呈下降趋势.根据流域上不同地理区域分区(东、西、南、北4个),分析太湖流域水生植物的分类和功能多样性,发现太湖流域四个区域的分类α多样性指数分别为4.33、5.58、5.01和3.46, β多样性指数分别为3.46、4.23、1.63和7.02,且北部和西部、北部和南部、东部和西部、东部和南部、西部和南部湖荡湿地的分类α多样性均有显著差异,同时太湖流域北部和东部、北部和西部、北部和南部、西部和南部湖荡湿地间的分类β多样性有显著差异.功能多样性方面,四个区域的β多样性指数分别为0.18、0.14、0.09、0.30,太湖流域各分区部分之间水生植物的功能β多样性均有显著差异.CCA结果表明环境变量对太湖流域湖荡水生植物组成的解释度为21.21%,水体总氮和总磷贡献最大,水体富营养化可能是影响太湖流域水生植物衰退的一个重要原因
A new contribution to the taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of three, well-known freshwater species of the ciliate genus Spirostomum (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Heterotrichea)
No full textMembers of the heterotrich genus Spirostomum are commonly found in freshwater or low salinity biotopes. In the present study, three species (S. minus, S. subtilis and S. teres) collected from freshwater habitats in Qingdao, China, are investigated using morphological and molecular methods. Detailed morphometric data are documented and improved diagnosis are supplied based on a combination of previous and present studies. In addition, small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences are obtained from the clonal cultures. Phylogenetic analyses show that all three species are placed in the Spirostomum clade. However, isolates of the morphospecies S. minus are divided into two paraphyletic clades, while 'populations' of the nominal species, S. teres, are placed in at least four separate groups in the tree. After comparing morphological and molecular differences in closely related forms available, we hypothesized that S. minus and S. teres might represent species complexes. A key to the identification of the ten valid species of Spirostomum is also supplied
Use of a paraprobiotic and postbiotic feed supplement (HWF (TM)) improves the growth performance, composition and function of gut microbiota in hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii x Acipenser schrenckii)
No full textThe contribution of cold water aquaculture for the world fish production is significant. Although sturgeon farming is an important part of China's cold water aquaculture industry, its production is less compared with the current potentiality of the country. There are many reasons for the lower production of cold water fish farming including feed and disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a paraprobiotic and postbiotic feed supplement (Herpes Worry Free or HWF (TM)) on the growth, feeding efficiency and gut microbiota balance of hybrid sturgeon. Besides, the effect of sturgeon gut microbiota fed on the diet supplemented with HWF (TM) on the expression of growth promoter, and immune regulatory genes of germ free (GF) zebrafish was evaluated. Sturgeon were fed for three weeks with HWF (TM) supplemented or basal diet. At the end of the experiment gut content of sturgeon, fed on either experimental diet was transferred and colonized to GF zebrafish. Sturgeon fed with HWF (TM) supplemented diet showed significantly higher weight gain rate and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, were significantly higher in the HWF (TM) group (P < 0.05), whereas Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chlamydiae were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, at the genus level Clostridium (64.50 +/- 5.99%) and Lactococcus (29.5 +/- 3.05%) were the most dominant gut bacteria in the HWF (TM) group and the control group of sturgeon, respectively. The expression of genes related to growth, inflammation and non-specific immunity was significantly upregulated in GF zebrafish colonized with gut microbiota of HWF (TM) sturgeon group. In conclusion, HWF (TM) played significant role in growth, feed efficiency and modulation of gut microbiota of sturgeon. The gut microbiota of sturgeon fed on the diet supplemented with HWF (TM) upregulated the expression of genes related to growth, inflammation and non-specific immunity in GF zebrafish model
Responses of Leaf Anatomy and CO(2)Concentrating Mechanisms of the Aquatic PlantOttelia cordatato Variable CO2
No full textAcclimation to variable CO(2)was studied in floating leaves of the freshwater monocotOttelia cordatagrown in either low or high CO2. The most striking anatomical variations responding to high CO(2)included the enlarged upper epidermal cells and the decreased area of epidermal chloroplasts. Stomata that distributed on the upper surface, and the stomatic chamber area, showed no significant response to high CO2. pH-drift experiments indicated that floating leaves ofO. cordatawere able to use bicarbonate regardless of CO(2)concentrations. Photosynthetic enzyme activities and patterns of organic acids fluctuation confirmed that floating leaves ofO. cordatacan operate CAM only at low CO2, and perform C-4-like metabolism at both high and low CO2. Overall, the present results imply that the floating leaves ofO. cordatadoes not just rely on the atmospheric CO(2)for its inorganic carbon, but is also dependent on CO(2)and bicarbonate in the water. By showing these effects of CO(2)variation, we highlight the need for further experimental studies on the regulatory mechanisms inO. cordatafloating leaves, that prevent futile cycling among the three CO(2)concentrating mechanisms (bicarbonate use, C-4, and CAM metabolism) and the strategy for exploiting atmospheric CO2, as well as studies on the detailed biochemical pathway for C(4)and CAM metabolism in this species
Exploring the environmental fate of novel brominated flame retardants in a sediment-water-mudsnail system: Enrichment, removal, metabolism and structural damage
No full textNovel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) are now ubiquitous in the environment with the extensive production and application. In the present study, pentabromotoluene (PBT), hexabromobenzene (HBB) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were spiked into the sediments where mudsnails (Bellamya aeruginosa) were cultivated. In the 35-day enrichment process, the highest concentration of the three NBFRs measured in mudsnail is 2.0 mg/kg, 22 mg/kg and 5.2 mg/kg dry weight (dw), respectively. The average enrichment of NBFRs in viscera was about 3 times of pleopod with the same mass. Meanwhile, the parent mudsnails can transfer NBFRs to their offspring. The removal half-life of the three NBFRs was in the range of 2.6 and 5.7 days according to the first-order kinetic equation. Several degradation products of the NBFRs were detected in mudsnail samples, which were exposed to single substance. 2,4,6-tribromotoluene was identified as degradation product of PBT; 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene and 1,2,4-tribromobenzene were identified as debromination products of HBB. Possible degradation pathways were further proposed. Additionally, mudsnails after exposed to 50 mg/kg of NBFRs were observed under a scanning electron microscope, indicating that shrinkage, tissue hyperplasia and perforation occurred on the visceral surface. Such damage might be related to the accumulation of more pollutants in mudsnails viscera. As one of the few studies to explore the biological process of NBFRs, our observation could provide a scientific basis for evaluating the environmental risks of NBFRs to benthic organisms. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Serum and CSF Metabolites in Stroke-Free Patients Are Associated With Vascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Performance
No full textBackground and purpose: The aggregation of vascular risk factors (VRFs) can aggravate cognitive impairment in stroke-free patients. Metabolites in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may irreversibly reflect early functional deterioration. This study evaluated small-molecule metabolites (5% and = 15%) according to the Framingham stroke risk profile (FSRP) score, which was used to quantify VRFs. We assess the cognitive function of the participants. We semiquantitatively quantified the small molecules using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The correlation between the small molecules and cognitive function, along with VRFs, was investigated to identify key small molecules and possible underlying metabolic pathways. Results: When the FSRP scores increased, the cognitive performances of the subjects decreased, specifically the performance regarding the tasks of immediate memory, delayed recall, and executive function. Seven metabolites (2-aminobutyric acid, Asp Asp Ser, Asp Thr Arg, Ile Cys Arg, 1-methyluric acid, 3-tert-butyladipic acid, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone glucuronide) in serum and three metabolites [Asp His, 13-HOTrE(r), and 2,5-di-tert-Butylhydroquinone] in CSF were significantly increased, and one metabolite (arachidonoyl PAF C-16) in serum was significantly decreased in high-risk group subjects. Among these metabolites, 1-methyluric acid, 3-tert-butyladipic, acid and Ile Cys Arg in serum and 13-HOTrE(r), 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, and Asp His in CSF were found to be negatively related with cognitive performance in the high-risk group. Arachidonoyl PAF C-16 in serum was found to be associated with better cognitive performance. Caffeine metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) were identified as key pathways. Conclusions: 1-Methyluric acid, 3-tert-butyladipic acid, arachidonoyl PAF C-16, and Ile Cys Arg in serum and 13-HOTrE(r), 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, and Asp His in CSF were identified as potential biomarkers of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) at the early stage. Caffeine metabolism and the TCA cycle may play important roles in the pathophysiology of VRF-associated cognitive impairment