Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Genetic diversity and reproductive success of a wild population of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) from the Yangtze River inferred from juveniles born in 2014
No full textThe Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray, 1835) is a large anadromous fish species, which is under considerable threat due to dramatic declines in population numbers. In the current study, population genetic diversity and individual reproductive success were assessed using nuclear microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat, SSR) and complete mitochondrial (mtDNA) genome analysis of juveniles born in 2014. Results showed the existence of size polymorphism in the mtDNA genome of Chinese sturgeon, which was caused by a repeat motif. Population genetic diversity was high based on both SSR (Ho: 0.728 +/- 0.211; He: 0.779 +/- 0.122) and mtDNA genome analyses (H: 0.876 +/- 0.003 5; Pi: 0.001 1 +/- 0.001 0). A positive inbreeding coefficient (FIS: 0.066 +/- 0.143) was also found, indicating the occurrence of inbreeding. Reconstruction of sibling groups identified 11 mothers and 11 fathers involved in reproduction of Chinese sturgeons in 2014. Variance in individual reproductive success was not significant, with reproductive success of parent fish instead shown to be relatively even (P=0.997>0.05), thus suggesting the absence of sweepstakes reproductive success (SRS). These results indicate that, in regard to conservation, loss of genetic diversity due to the effects of SRS is not of particular concern. However, we must focus on having an adequate number of adults and suitable environmental conditions to ensure that fish can reproduce
Microplastic pollution in vegetable farmlands of suburb Wuhan, central China
No full textMicroplastic pollution has become an emergency issue in the global environment. However, little is known about the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in agroecological system. In this study, we investigated the pollution of microplastics in vegetable farmlands in suburb of Wuhan, central China. Results showed that the abundance of microplastics ranged from 320 to 12,560 items/kg(dw). Microplastic pollution adjacent to the suburban roads was about 1.8 times as serious as that in the residential areas. Microplastics with size less than 0.2 mm were dominated, reaching 70% in total. The main types of microplastics were fibers and microbeads. Moreover, polyamide (32.5%) and polypropylene (28.8%) were the main types of polymer. This study proclaims the occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in typical farmland soils of suburb land. It may provide significant basis for subsequent research about microplastics contaminant in the terrestrial ecosystem. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus modulates the neurological toxicities of perfluorobutanesulfonate in zebrafish
No full textPerfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an aquatic pollutant of emerging concern, is found to disturb the neural signaling along gut-brain axis, whereas probiotic additives have been applied to improve neuroendocrine function of teleosts. Both PFBS and probiotics can commonly target nervous system. However, whether and how probiotic bacteria can modulate the neurotoxicities of PFBS remain not explored. It is thus necessary to elucidate the probiotic modulation of PFBS neurotoxicity, which can provide implications to the application of probiotic bacteria in aquaculture industry. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 10 and 100 mu g/L PFBS with or without dietary administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Interaction between PFBS and probiotic along gut-brain axis was examined, covering three dominant pathways (i.e., neurotransmission, immune response and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis). The results showed that, compared to the single effects, PFBS and probiotic coexposure significantly altered the acetylcholinesterase activity and neurotransmitter profiles in gut and brain of zebrafish, with mild effects on neuronal integrity. Neurotransmitters closely correlated reciprocally in intestines, which, however, was distinct from the correlation profile in brains. In addition, PFBS and probiotic were combined to impact brain health through absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and production of inflammatory cytokines. Relative to neurotransmission and immune signaling, HPA axis was not involved in the neurotoxicological interaction between PFBS and probiotic. Furthermore, it needs to point out that interactive modes between PFBS and probiotic varied a lot, depending on exposure concentrations, sex and toxic indices. Overall, the present study provided the first evidence that probiotic supplement could dynamically modulate the neurotoxicities of PFBS in teleost. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Evaluating toxicity impacts of environmental exposed chromium on small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctatus) hematological, biochemical and histopathological functioning
No full textSub-lethal toxic impacts of chromium on hematological, biochemical and histological parameters were analyzed in the female small Indian mongoose (Urva auropuctatus) residing contaminated environment of tannery industry. Chromium bioaccumulation in the blood, liver and kidney tissue of the exposed mongooses was found elevated compared to the control mongooses' tissues. Total body weight (75.7%), liver weight (83.6%) as well as HSI (68.1%), RSI (86.2%) and the platelets counts (59.7%) were found significantly elevated, with significantly reduced RBCs (59.6%), and WBCs (64%). LFT and RFT were also found abnormal, moreover, the histopathological injuries had been distinct inside the kidney (>75%) and hepatic (>75%) tissues of exposed animals. Shrinkage and vacuolization (> 75%) inside the hepatocyte expanded sinusoidal spaces and nuclear pyknosis (>75%) was evident within the hepatic tissue. Hypertrophy of epithelial cells of renal tubules and inter-renal cells of the head kidney with a reduction in tubular lumens (>75%) and vacuolization of tubules were witnessed within the kidney section. Atrophy inside the kidney inter-renal cells, glomeruli compression within the Bowman's capsules (>75%) following the necrosis in hematopoietic tissues were found in exposed animals. The present findings indicate that chronic exposure to chromium induces severe anemia, decreased serum protein concentration, hepatic and renal tissue histopathology, impairing the vital capabilities of liver, metabolic regulation, excretion, and stress homeostasis maintenance of which within the long-run may posture a severe risk to animal well-being then distress their inhabitants. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
TRADES: Targeted RNA Demethylation by SunTag System
No full textN6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) is rapidly being studied and uncovered to play a significant role in various biological processes as well as in RNA fate and functions, while the effects of defined m(6)A sites are rarely characterized for the lack of convenient tools. To provide an applicable method to remove m(6)A modification at specific loci, an m(6)A editing system called "targetedRNAdemethylation bySunTag system (TRADES)" is engineered. In this system, the targeting element dCas13b is fused to ten copies of GCN4 peptides which can recruit multiple scFv-fusion RNA demethylase to demethylate the target m(6)A site. Owing to this design, TRADES is more flexible to the indistinct m(6)A sites for its wide editing window. By site-specific demethylation of messenger RNA (mRNA) SON A2699, the lifetime of SON RNA is successfully prolonged in HeLa cells. Meanwhile, TRADES negligibly influences the lifetime of other non-targeted transcripts. TRADES also can regulate the gene expression of target transcript in an m(6)A-dependent manner. Moreover, the interference occuring for HBV and HIV replications demonstrates that the TRADES system holds potential in viral life cycle regulation and clinical applications
Intra-annual fluctuations dominating temporal dynamics of benthic diatom assemblages in a Chinese mountainous river
No full textIntra-annual fluctuations dominated temporal dynamics of benthic diatom communities. Moreover, component species within the communities displayed distinct dynamics and were driven by different environmental variables. Our findings provide new insights to community dynamics in stream ecosystems.
Understanding temporal dynamics of community may provide insights on biological responses under environmental changes. However, our knowledge on temporal dynamics of river organisms is still limited. In the present study, we employed a multivariate time-series modeling approach with a long-term dataset (i.e.72 consecutive months) to investigate temporal dynamics of benthic diatom communities in four sites located in a Chinese mountainous river network. We hypothesized that: (1) there are multi-scale temporal dynamics within the diatom community; (2) intra-annual fluctuations dominate the community dynamics; (3) diatom species composing the community respond distinctly to environmental changes. We found that intra-annual fluctuations with periodicities <12 months explained 8.1-16.1% of community variation. In contrast, fluctuations with periodicities of 13-36 months and 37-72 months only accounted for 1.1-5.9% and 2.8-9.7% of variance in diatom community dynamics, respectively. Taxa correlating significantly to each significant RDA axis (namely, RDA taxa group) displayed distinct temporal dynamics. Conductivity, total nitrogen, and pH were important to most RDA taxa groups across the four sites while their effects were group-specific. We concluded that intra-annual dynamics dominated temporal variation in diatom communities due to community responses to local environmental fluctuations. We suggest that long-term monitoring data are valuable for identifying multiple-scale temporal dynamics within biological communities
Transcriptomic profiling revealed key signaling pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation of two carp species
No full textBackgroundClosely related species of the carp family (Cyprinidae) have evolved distinctive abilities to survive under cold stress, but molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of cold resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared transcriptomic profiles of two carp species to identify key factors and pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation.ResultsLarvae of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp that were pretreated at 18 degrees C for 24h significantly improved their survival rates under lethal cold temperature at 8 degrees C or 10 degrees C, indicating that two carp species possess the ability of cold acclimation. However, Songpu mirror carp exhibited stronger abilities of cold tolerance and acclimation than Barbless carp. Transcriptomic profiles of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp larvae at 28 degrees C and 18 degrees C were compared during cold acclimation through RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes that are closely associated with the differences in cold acclimation between two carp species were identified through bioinformatics and Venn's diagram analysis. GO enrichment analysis of these genes indicated that cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis, secondary alcohol metabolism and drug transport were the most up-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. Conversely, positive regulation of macroautophagy, intracellular protein transport, and organonitrogen compound catabolism were the most down-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Barbless carp. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that factors in the FoxO-related signaling pathways are mainly responsible for the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species since altering the phosphorylation of key proteins in the FoxO-related signaling pathways with inhibitors or an activator significantly decreased the cold tolerance and acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. These data provided key clues for dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cold tolerance and acclimation in carps.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that larvae of two carp species possess different abilities of cold tolerance and can build cold acclimation under mild low temperature. Multiple biological processes and FoxO-related signaling pathways are closely associated with the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species
Rainfall is a signi ficant environmental factor of microplastic pollution in inland waters
No full textPeriodic inundations drive community assembly of amphibious plants in floodplain lakes
No full textUnderstanding the effects of disturbance regimes on community assembly is an essential issue in community ecology. Yet, little is known about how water regimes drive community assembly considering functional facets in aquatic communities. We detected functional trait patterns of amphibious plant communities and checked the effects of inundations on these patterns, using null model analyses based on observational data of 20 Yangtze River floodplain lakes. Amphibious plant communities in the study lakes were dominated by perennials and a large proportion (61.2%) of communities were species-poor (species richness = 3) presented randomness trait patterns. A higher proportion of randomness was found in the post-flood (98.8%) than pre-flood (89.7%) communities, and randomness tended to be more important as inundation increased. We showed for the first time the effects of periodic inundations on trait patterns of amphibious plants in floodplain lakes. Our results suggested that randomness would be common and important at a fine scale even in highly disturbed habitats. We further put forward a new conceptual framework regarding the underlying assembly mechanisms that water regimes drove aquatic plant communities in river floodplain ecosystems
Resourceful treatment of cane sugar industry wastewater by Tribonema minus towards the production of valuable biomass
No full textTribonema minus was cultivated in different concentrations of sugarcane wastewater (SW) diluted with mBG-11 medium to produce biomass for biodiesel, bioproduct, and biomaterial production. The results showed that T. minus grew mixotrophically in 50%SW, with the highest biomass accumulation (7.86 g/L) and nutrient removal efficiency (84.85% of nitrogen, 62.57% of phosphorus, and 44.72% of COD). Excluding 100%SW, the chrysolaminarin and cellulose contents increased with increasing SW concentration; the highest contents of 8.11% and 25.69% dry weight were reached in 75%SW, respectively. Although fewer lipids and palmitoleic acid accumulated at higher SW concentrations, their productivities were significantly higher than those in the control due to the higher contribution of biomass. Moreover, the fatty acid profiles produced at the tested concentrations showed superior biodiesel properties. These findings suggested that the addition of mBG-11 medium to SW might be an effective strategy for valuable biomass production in T. minus and SW bioremediation