Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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DIFFERENT RESPONSE PATTERNS OF FISH FOREGUT AND HINDGUT MICROBIOTA TO HOST HABITATS AND GENOTYPES
No full textFish gut microbiota can be affected by factors such as diet, habitat, and genotype. However, whether the foregut and hindgut microbiota respond similarly to these factors is still ambiguous. Given the fact that foregut has more communication with fish habitat and food intake, we hypothesized that the foregut microbiota is possibly more affected by external factors (e.g., habitat), while the hindgut microbiota tends to be mainly influenced by the host itself (e.g., genotype). To test our hypothesis, the V4 region of the gut bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced by the MiSeq platform. A total of 1,139,703 high-quality sequences and 7,698 OTUs (without singlets) were obtained. Results indicated that the major factors that affect the fish gut microbiota patterns were the gut sections and habitats, rather than fish species. The foregut microbiota was indeed more similar to the water microbiota than hindgut microbiota, whereas the hindgut microbiota between fish species showed relatively more differences than that of foregut microbiota. Therefore, foregut and hindgut microbiota exhibited different response patterns to the habitat environments and host genotypes. This finding extended our understanding of the maintenance mechanism of fish gut microbial biodiversity
Resource utilization of secondary pyrolysis oil-based drilling cuttings ash for removing Cr (VI) contaminants: Adsorption properties, kinetics and mechanism
No full textSecondary pyrolysis oil-based drilling cuttings ash (OBCDA-sp) was employed as a new absorbing material to remove Cr (VI) in wastewater. Varying factors, including pH value, dosage of OBCDA-sp, reaction time and original Cr (VI) contents were studied to investigate the Cr (VI) removal efficiency. Elovich and Pseudo-secondorder models were fitted well with the adsorption kinetics process. In addition, the Langmuir model was well employed to fit Cr (VI) adsorption isotherm on OBCDA-sp. The calculated Cr (VI) theoretic adsorption quantity of OBCDA-sp was 48 mg/g. XPS, SEM-EDS, FTIR and XRD were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of OBDCA-sp. The result shows that the complex process of the Cr (VI) removal involves physical and chemical adsorption, and co-precipitation and reduction. Ba, Fe, S and P element onto OBCDA-sp surface have exerted significant role in Cr (VI) removal
Dynamic Phosphoproteome Profiling of Zebrafish Embryonic Fibroblasts during Cold Acclimation
No full textTemperature affects almost all aspects of the fish life. To cope with low temperature, fish have evolved the ability of cold acclimation for survival. However, intracellular signaling events underlying cold acclimation in fish remain largely unknown. Here, the formation of cold acclimation in zebrafish embryonic fibroblasts (ZF4) is monitored and the phosphorylation events during the process are investigated through a large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic approach. In total, 11 474 phosphorylation sites are identified on 4066 proteins and quantified 5772 phosphosites on 2519 proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine (Ser/Thr/Tyr) phosphorylation accounted for 85.5%, 13.3%, and 1.2% of total phosphosites, respectively. Among all phosphosites, 702 phosphosites on 510 proteins show differential regulation during cold acclimation of ZF4 cells. These phosphosites are divided into six clusters according to their dynamic changes during cold exposure. Kinase-substrate prediction reveals that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) among the kinase groups is predominantly responsible for phosphorylation of these phosphosites. The differentially regulated phosphoproteins are functionally associated with various cellular processes such as regulation of actin cytoskeleton and MAPK signaling pathway. These data enrich the database of protein phosphorylation sites in zebrafish and provide key clues for the elucidation of intracellular signaling networks during cold acclimation of fish
The Proposed Neurotoxin beta-N-Methylamino-l-Alanine (BMAA) Is Taken up through Amino-Acid Transport Systems in the CyanobacteriumAnabaenaPCC 7120
No full textProduced by cyanobacteria and some plants, BMAA is considered as an important environmental factor in the occurrence of some neurodegenerative diseases. Neither the underlying mechanism of its toxicity, nor its biosynthetic or metabolic pathway in cyanobacteria is understood. Interestingly, BMAA is found to be toxic to some cyanobacteria, making it possible to dissect the mechanism of BMAA metabolism by genetic approaches using these organisms. In this study, we used the cyanobacteriumAnabaenaPCC 7120 to isolate BMAA-resistant mutants. Following genomic sequencing, several mutations were mapped to two genes involved in amino acids transport, suggesting that BMAA was taken up through amino acid transporters. This conclusion was supported by the protective effect of several amino acids against BMAA toxicity. Furthermore, targeted inactivation of genes encoding different amino acid transport pathways conferred various levels of resistance to BMAA. One mutant inactivating all three major amino acid transport systems could no longer take up BMAA and gained full resistance to BMAA toxicity. Therefore, BMAA is a substrate of amino acid transporters, and cyanobacteria are interesting models for genetic analysis of BMAA transport and metabolism
Modeling trophic interactions and impacts of introduced icefish (Neosalanx taihuensisChen) in three large reservoirs in the Yangtze River basin, China
No full textNon-native fish introductions may damage aquatic ecosystems. To assess the ecological impacts of the introduced icefish (Neosalanx taihuensisChen), three reservoirs in a cascade, including the Shuibuya Reservoir (SBYR), which is devoid of icefish, and the Geheyan Reservoir (GHYR) and the Gaobazhou Reservoir (GBZR), which have large and small icefish populations, respectively, were selected for this study. Three mass-balance trophic models were established using the Ecopath approach. The results indicated that (1) the three ecosystems tended to depend more on the grazing food chain, possibly because the dominant fish species in three reservoirs were mainly filter feeders or planktivores; (2) the large icefish population in the GHYR decreased the overall energy transfer efficiency; (3) the ecosystem indices suggested that the GHYR ecosystem appeared to be a moderately mature system with a simple and vulnerable food web structure, and the lack of complexity was largely attributed to the large population of introduced icefish; and (4) the "mixed trophic impacts (MTI)" and niche overlap analysis indicated that the ecological impacts of icefish mainly came from predation and interspecific competition. This study demonstrates the consequence of icefish introduction to aquatic ecosystems and suggests that appropriate control of exotic fish is worth considering
Delta arrowhead (Sagittaria platyphylla) in the Yangtze River: an invasive aquatic plant and the potential ecological consequences
No full textThe Yangtze River basin in China has one of the most highest rates of biological invasion of any freshwater ecosystem. As it is also an important agriculture, aquaculture and biodiversity hotspot, it is critical to implement early detection and rapid response, monitoring and control of new invasive species as they are discovered. This is the first report of the presence of the invasive aquatic vascular plant Sagittaria platyphylla in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. We propose that more research should focus on control of the aquarium trade and wetland restorations
Feeding habits of the cyprinidGymnocypris firmispinatusin the Anning River, China
No full textThe feeding habits and prey selection ofGymnocypris firmispinatusin the Anning River were investigated with respect to fish size, season and sex. Gut contents of 305 individuals ranging in size from 57 to 193 mm total length were analyzed, and 16.0% of the guts were found to be empty. The vacuity index indicated that the feeding intensity of the fish roughly followed a seasonal trend, with minimum food intake in winter. However, statistically insignificant variation in the vacuity index was observed between size classes and sexes. Overall, 46 prey taxa belonging to five orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera) were identified in the guts of 141 fish.G. firmispinatusfed almost exclusively on aquatic insects, of whichBaetissp. andSimuliumsp. were the predominant prey species, followed byDiamesasp. andGlossosomasp.G. firmispinatusis a generalist feeder that relies upon a wide trophic spectrum. The multivariate analysis revealed that fish size was the principal factor affecting diet. Small individuals fed primarily on small ephemeropteran larvae and dipteran larvae, whereas larger individuals preferably consumed bigger trichopteran larvae. In terms of its prey,G. firmispinatusshowed strong positive selection for dipteran larvae and trichopteran larvae, and negative selection for ephemeropteran larvae, plecopteran larvae and coleopteran larvae in all seasons. This study provides evidence that the observed diet ofG. firmispinatuscan be explained by prey selection rather than random feeding
Predicting the ecosystem-wide impacts of eradication with limited information using a qualitative modelling approach
No full textConservation-motivated eradications may cause unexpected perverse effects, and these undesirable consequences can be difficult to predict due to the paucity of information on species interactions. A probabilistic qualitative approach, which does not require extensive model parameterization, is becoming increasingly accepted and applied to conservation scenarios when information is limited. However, recent work has criticized this approach on philosophical grounds and proposed an alternative non-probabilistic Boolean analysis method, which circumvents the philosophical difficulties. There is a need for exploring the ability of this novel approach for informing conservation decisions. To do so, we applied the first real-world test of the non-probabilistic Boolean approach using a case study of management of Fells catus (feral cat) and Rattus rattus (black rat) on Christmas Island. We also applied the probabilistic approach as a contrast. Our modeling results showed that the probabilistic approach generated ambiguous outcomes, making it impractical to draw management recommendations. In contrast, the non-probabilistic Boolean approach revealed interpretable rules governing species responses, suggesting that while cat management alone is a risky strategy, the risk of negative effects of cat management on native species can be reduced by the addition of rat management. Thus, given limited resources, in combination with cat management it is prudent to prioritize rat management efforts in the habitats of potentially impacted native species of high concern and value. We conclude that the Boolean approach can be very useful when little information is available to model an ecological system and that it provides a way of identifying the potential risks and benefits of management strategies, enabling better informed conservation decision-making in the face of limited knowledge
Rainfall is a signi ficant environmental factor of microplastic pollution in inland waters
No full textRemoval of Co(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution by graphene nanosheet/delta-MnO2: Batch and column studies
No full textIn this work, graphene nanosheet/delta-MnO2 (GN-MnO2) was synthesized via a microwave assisted method. The adsorption behavior of cobalt (Co(II)) and chromium (Cr(III)) ions onto GN-MnO2 adsorbent was investigated through batch and column experiment under various conditions. GN-MnO2 was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N-2 adsorption/desorption (BET) and Boehm's titration method. Under static conditions, the effect of parameters like pH level, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage was studied. The optimum batch adsorption capacity of 403.4 mg/g and 491.98 mg/g were obtained at a temperature of 303 K and pH of 6 and 4 for Co(II) and Cr(III), respectively. Additionally, adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic were created. Regarding the column mode operation, the influence of both flow rate and bed height was examined and the data obtained for the total removal for both heavy metals were well described by Thomas and Bed depth service time (BDST) models. The column regeneration experiment was carried out for six cycles of desorption. The graphene nanosheet/delta-MnO2 was proven to be a highly effective adsorbent and could easily be used for separation purpose. (C) 2020 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved