Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy Of Sciences
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Bladder entrance of microplastic likely induces toxic effects in carnivorous macrophyteUtricularia aureaLour
No full textThe global distribution of microplastic (particle size < 5 mm) is of growing concern, especially in aquatic environments where it may cause adverse effects on resident organisms. To date, however, few studies have focused on the impacts of microplastic on aquatic plants. Here, we conducted a microcosm study to investigate the toxic effects of microplastic on the carnivorous aquatic macrophyteUtricularia aureaLour. Based on microscopic images and Raman spectrum analysis, we found that most polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles were smaller than the valve ofU. aureabladders, thus allowing entrance into the plant, but this was not so for polyethylene (PE) particles. Furthermore, PVC (50 mg L-1) had significantly negative effects on growth and physiological parameters such as macrophyte length, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence, whereas, at the same concentration, PE had no such effects. Further analysis revealed that after bladder removal, the macrophytes did not respond to PVC particle toxicity. Thus, intake of microplastics (i.e., PVC) through bladders is likely responsible for inducing toxic effects to the growth and physiological parameters ofU. aurea
Development of microsatellite markers and genetic diversity in wild and cultured populations of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) along the Yangtze River
No full textBlack carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) is one of traditionally important aquaculture fishes in China; however, population genetic studies are relatively rare for this species. In the present study, we developed a set of microsatellite markers by FIASCO method and used ten of these polymorphic markers to evaluate genetic diversity of black carp (three wild populations and six cultured populations including larvae from fish seed farms and adults from fish markets,n = 269) along the Yangtze River basin. Among these samples, mean number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 14 and 6, respectively. Genetic diversities of wild populations were higher than that of cultured populations, represented byHoof 0.767 vs 0.730,Heof 0.806 vs 0.722, andpolymorphism information contentof 0.767 vs 0.6731, respectively, although a few cultured populations were exceptional.Fst from 0.010 to 0.159 showed a moderate level of population differentiations, and Bayesian and clustering analysis consistently supported that these populations could be divided into 7 clusters. This study generated novel microsatellites and new evidence of genetic differentiation between wild and cultured populations of black carp, which are useful for conservation and sustainable utilization of fishery resources
Environmentally relevant concentrations of geosmin affect the development, oxidative stress, apoptosis and endocrine disruption of embryo -larval zebrafish
No full textZebrafishprmt3negatively regulates antiviral responses
No full textArginine methylation catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) is a common post-translational modification in histone and nonhistone proteins, which regulates many cellular functions. Protein arginine methyltransferase 3 (prmt3), a type I arginine methyltransferase, has been shown to carry out the formation of stable monomethylarginine as an intermediate before the establishment of asymmetric dimethylarginine. To date, however, the role of PRMT3 in antiviral innate immunity has not been elucidated. This study showed that zebrafishprmt3was upregulated by virus infection and that the overexpression ofprmt3suppressed cellular antiviral response. The PRMT3 inhibitor, SGC707, enhanced antiviral capability. Consistently,prmt3-null zebrafish were more resistant to Spring Viremia of Carp Virus (SVCV) and Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) infection. Further assays showed that the overexpression ofprmt3diminished the phosphorylation of irf3 and prmt3 interacted with rig-i. In addition, both zinc-finger domain and catalytic domain of prmt3 were required for the suppressive function ofprmt3on IFN activation. Our findings suggested that zebrafishprmt3negatively regulated the antiviral responses, implicating the vital role ofprmt3-or even arginine methylation-in antiviral innate immunity
Effects of dietary Arthrospira platensis supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidation and immune related -gene expression in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of five isonitrogenous (405 g crude protein kg(-1) diet) and isolipidic (85 g crude lipid kg(-1) diet) diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g kg(-1) Arthrospira platensis on the growth performance, antioxidation and immune related-gene expression of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ). A completely randomized experimental design was developed with five treatments and three replicates. Apparent healthy and similar size fish (n = 225, 20.87 +/- 0.06 g) were randomly selected, batch weighed and stocked into fifteen 150 L fiber glass tanks at a density of 15 fish per tank. The experiment lasted for 56 days. After the growth trial, bacterial challenge test was conducted. The results showed that no obvious difference in feed intake and growth performance were found among groups (P 0.05). After A. hydrophila challenge, supplementing 40 g kg(-1) dietary A. platensis could obviously increase the level of plasma IgM, C3 and GPX (P < 0.05). A. platensis supplemented diet could decrease the level of plasma MDA and increase the activity of plasma lysozyme (LZM) (P < 0.05). Transcriptional levels of SOD , CAT , GPX , il-1 beta, il-8 , il-10 and lys genes in spleen and kidney after challenge were significantly up-regulated in 40 g kg(-1) dietary A. platensis group compared with the control group catfish (P < 0.05). Taken together, A. platensis can be introduced as a functional additive in yellow catfish diets. Inclusion of 40 g kg(-1) dietary A. platensis was found to be a suitable level to enhance the ability of antioxidant and immunity as well as no negative effects on fish growth
Effects of dietary Arthrospira platensis supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidation and immune related -gene expression in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)
No full textThis study evaluated the effects of five isonitrogenous (405 g crude protein kg(-1) diet) and isolipidic (85 g crude lipid kg(-1) diet) diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g kg(-1) Arthrospira platensis on the growth performance, antioxidation and immune related-gene expression of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ). A completely randomized experimental design was developed with five treatments and three replicates. Apparent healthy and similar size fish (n = 225, 20.87 +/- 0.06 g) were randomly selected, batch weighed and stocked into fifteen 150 L fiber glass tanks at a density of 15 fish per tank. The experiment lasted for 56 days. After the growth trial, bacterial challenge test was conducted. The results showed that no obvious difference in feed intake and growth performance were found among groups (P 0.05). After A. hydrophila challenge, supplementing 40 g kg(-1) dietary A. platensis could obviously increase the level of plasma IgM, C3 and GPX (P < 0.05). A. platensis supplemented diet could decrease the level of plasma MDA and increase the activity of plasma lysozyme (LZM) (P < 0.05). Transcriptional levels of SOD , CAT , GPX , il-1 beta, il-8 , il-10 and lys genes in spleen and kidney after challenge were significantly up-regulated in 40 g kg(-1) dietary A. platensis group compared with the control group catfish (P < 0.05). Taken together, A. platensis can be introduced as a functional additive in yellow catfish diets. Inclusion of 40 g kg(-1) dietary A. platensis was found to be a suitable level to enhance the ability of antioxidant and immunity as well as no negative effects on fish growth
Passive acoustic monitoring of the distribution patterns of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the middle reaches of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar
No full textThe Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) are an endangered species. Thus, up-to-date information on the distribution pattern of dolphins is critical for its proper management and conservation. Using a towed passive acoustic monitoring device, the distribution pattern of the Irrawaddy dolphins in the middle reaches of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar, was investigated during a vessel-based survey between Mingun and Katha. This region was successively divided into segments 1-4 from upstream to downstream. Sixteen echolocation encounters, with a series of click trains separated by <8 min and 26 dolphin acoustic trajectories were recorded. The mean dolphin detection rate (animals/kilometer) across the four segments progressively increased from upstream to downstream. High relative abundance was observed in segment 4 (46%) and segment 1 (23%) which was consistent with findings from historical boat-based visual surveys. The averaged interclick intervals of each click train in segment 2 and 4 was significantly shorter than that in segment 3, indicating that the dolphins in these segments frequently use shorter-ranged biosonar. More frequent and consistent surveys with a systematic sampling track design that incorporates other factors and covering the whole distribution range along the Ayeyarwady River and at varied water levels are needed in the future
Passive acoustic monitoring of the distribution patterns of Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in the middle reaches of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar
No full textThe Irrawaddy dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) are an endangered species. Thus, up-to-date information on the distribution pattern of dolphins is critical for its proper management and conservation. Using a towed passive acoustic monitoring device, the distribution pattern of the Irrawaddy dolphins in the middle reaches of the Ayeyarwady River, Myanmar, was investigated during a vessel-based survey between Mingun and Katha. This region was successively divided into segments 1-4 from upstream to downstream. Sixteen echolocation encounters, with a series of click trains separated by <8 min and 26 dolphin acoustic trajectories were recorded. The mean dolphin detection rate (animals/kilometer) across the four segments progressively increased from upstream to downstream. High relative abundance was observed in segment 4 (46%) and segment 1 (23%) which was consistent with findings from historical boat-based visual surveys. The averaged interclick intervals of each click train in segment 2 and 4 was significantly shorter than that in segment 3, indicating that the dolphins in these segments frequently use shorter-ranged biosonar. More frequent and consistent surveys with a systematic sampling track design that incorporates other factors and covering the whole distribution range along the Ayeyarwady River and at varied water levels are needed in the future
The effect of natural materials used as sediment remediation on phosphorus and nitrogen control in a mesocosm
No full textBackground Achieving nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) control in sediment remediation projects by adding natural materials is receiving increasing attention. In this study, different natural materials, including iron-rich clay minerals, calcite, kaoline, sugarcane bagasse andPhragmitesdetritus, were applied to test their effects on N and P in a mesocosm experiment. Results Iron-rich clay minerals andPhragmitesdetritus had obvious advantages for P control; they resulted in almost undetectable levels of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) in the water column throughout the experiment. This finding can be explained by their strong P adsorption ability. The high level of available organic carbon in the sediment and water column after sugarcane bagasse addition provided enough electron donors for denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), which caused nitrate (NO3--N) deficiency and ammonium (NH4+-N) accumulation in the water column. Additionally, this resulted in anaerobic conditions, further fuelling the release of P from iron-bound P induced by anoxia. Thus, the amount of sugarcane bagasse applied should be considered carefully in order to balance denitrification and DNRA as well as P releases. Calcite andPhragmitesdetritus are recommended as remediation materials for N removal based on their significant promotion of denitrification and limitation of DNRA, which resulted in low NO3--N and NH4+-N levels. These results can be explained by the shifts in the functional microbial community composition and abundance after the addition of natural materials. Conclusions Iron-rich clay minerals andPhragmitesdetritus are promising sediment remediation materials for P immobilization due to their strong P adsorption ability. Taken together, the selection of sediment remediation materials should consider the N and P coupling relationship, to prevent NO3--N removal from causing P leaching or NH4+-N accumulation
First case ofShewanella indicaisolated from a Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) stranded in the northern Beibu Gulf, China
No full textThe purpose of this study was to culture and characterise bacteria from an intact abscess on the skin of a dead Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) which stranded in the northern Beibu Gulf, China. To grow bacteria, samples from the abscess were added to blood agar. After incubation, yellowish mucous colonies were visualized. The bacterium was firstly recognised asShewanella algaeby the VITEK (R) 2 System. However, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing the bacterium was finally identified asS. indica. To characterise the bacterium, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors, such as hemolysis and biofilm formation were investigated. The bacterium is capable of beta-hemolysis and biofilm formation and it is also sensitive to several different classes of antibiotics, such as beta-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides. To date there have been no reports of this bacterium causing infections in humans or animals. However, in this study we described the first case ofS. indicaisolated from an intact abscess on the back of a Bryde's whale