Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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A fluorine-induced high-performance narrow bandgap polymer based on thiadiazolo[3,4-c] pyridine for photovoltaic applications
No full textThiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (PT) has great potential in the construction of high-performance narrow bandgap (NBG) photovoltaic polymers. But to date the best power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) for PT-containing polymers are only around 6%. Herein, we report two PT-containing NBG polymers PDTPT-2T and PDTPT-2TF based on 2,2'-bithiophene (2T) and 3,3'-difluoro-2,2'-bithiophene (2TF), respectively. The effects of a fluorine substituent on optoelectronic properties are thoroughly investigated. The film absorption onset of PDTPT-2TF is 855 nm, bathochromic-shifted by 24 nm in comparison with that (831 nm) of PDTPT-2T. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of PDTPT-2TF are down-shifted by 0.15 and 0.11 eV relative to those of PDTPT-2T, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate that a more ordered structure is formed in the solid film of PDTPT-2TF. Furthermore, the miscibility between the polymer and [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is significantly improved through the introduction of fluorine. Consequently, PDTPT-2TF exhibits a high PCE of 8.01%, while PDTPT-2T only shows a maximum PCE of 2.65%. The efficiency of 8.01% is the highest one for PT-containing polymers, and more importantly, it is achieved without any processing additives or post-treatments. This work indicates that PT would have great potential as a building block to construct high-performance photovoltaic polymers
Energy gases and related carbon emissions in China
No full textWith increasing energy demand and environmental problems in China, energy gases, such as natural gas(NG), coalbed methane(CBM) and coke-oven gas(COG) are alternatives of coal with great potential due to abundant reserves and remarkable environmental superiority for carbon reduction. Based on a large number of sampling data derived from comprehensive field investigations, energy gases used in China are researched on their compositions, net calorific values(NCVs), resources distributions and annual productions firstly in this paper, and then the Chinese-specific carbon contents by gas type and consuming sector are calculated to establish basic data for accurate estimation of carbon emissions. Results show that Chinese-specific carbon contents for NG, CBM and COG are 15.19 kg/GJ [15.15-15.37 kg/GJ], 15.13 kg/GJ [14.72-15.39 kg/GJ] and 11.41 kg/GJ [9.95-12.34 kg/GJ], respectively. Compared to IPCC, both carbon contents of NG and CBM are in close proximity to the default value, while COG has an obviously lower carbon content. Little difference exists among carbon contents of NG utilized in four main sectors including industry, power generation, households and vehicles, while a relatively obvious difference exists among those of COG. Carbon emissions would be greatly reduced by increasing the share of gas consumption in each sector. The market circumstances, application technologies, development bottlenecks as well as emission reduction potentials are studied respectively for the four utilization sectors with bright prospects. Finally, effective policy recommendations are given on the development of energy gases for the purpose of achieving a win-win of economy and environment. (C) 2016 Elsevir B.V. All rights reserved
Cellulose Chain Binding Free Energy Drives the Processive Move of Cellulases on the Cellulose Surface
No full textProcessivity is essential for cellulases in their catalysis of cellulose hydrolysis. But what drives the processive move is not well understood. In this work, we use Trichoderma reesei Cel7B as a model system and show that its processivity is directly correlated to the binding free energy difference of a cellulose chain occupying the binding sites -7 to +2 and that occupying sites -7 to -1. Several mutants that have stronger interactions with glycosyl units in sites +1 and +2 than the wild type enzyme show higher processivity. The results suggest that after the release of the product cellobiose located in sites +1 and +2, the enzyme pulls the cellulose chain to fill the vacant sites, which propels its processive move on the cellulose surface. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Bioremediation of wastewater from edible oil refinery factory using oleaginous microalga Desmodesmus sp S1
No full textEdible oil industry produced massive wastewater, which requires extensive treatment to remove pungent smell, high phosphate, carbon oxygen demand (COD), and metal ions prior to discharge. Traditional anaerobic and aerobic digestion could mainly reduce COD of the wastewater from oil refinery factories (WEORF). In this study, a robust oleaginous microalga Desmodesmus sp. S1 was adapted to grow in WEORF. The biomass and lipid content of Desmodesmus sp. S1 cultivated in the WEORF supplemented with sodium nitrate were 5.62 g.L-1 and 14.49%, whereas those in the WEORF without adding nitrate were 2.98 g.L-1 and 21.95%. More than 82% of the COD and 53% of total phosphorous were removed by Desmodesmus sp. S1. In addition, metal ions, including ferric, aluminum, manganese and zinc were also diminished significantly in the WEORF after microalgal growth, and pungent smell vanished as well. In comparison with the cells grown in BG-11 medium, the cilia-like bulges and wrinkles on the cell surface of Desmodesmus sp. S1 grown in WEORF became out of order, and more polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected due to stress derived from the wastewater. The study suggests that growing microalgae in WEORF can be applied for the dual roles of nutrient removal and biofuel feedstock production
WIPS 专利数据库在科研中的应用
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WIPS数据库11月15日到21日的免费试用账号信息如下：</p>
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账号1：WTrial_000294 账号2：WTrial_000295 账号3：WTrial_000296 账号4：WTrial_000297 账号5：WTrial_000298</p>
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密码1：WTrial_000294 密码2：WTrial_000295 密码3：WTrial_000296 密码4：WTrial_000297 密码5：WTrial_000298</p>
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试用时间： 11.15-11.21</p>
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Codoping Strategy To Improve Stability and Permeability of Ba0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ-Based Perovskite Membranes
No full textA fluorine-induced high-performance narrow bandgap polymer based on thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine for photovoltaic applications
No full textSimple but Strong: A Mussel-Inspired Hot Curing Adhesive Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Backbone,Macromol
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Label-free, rapid and quantitative phenotyping of stress response in E. coli via ramanome
No full textRapid profiling of stress-response at single-cell resolution yet in a label-free, non-disruptive and mechanism-specific manner can lead to many new applications. We propose a single-cell-level biochemical fingerprinting approach named "ramanome", which is the collection of Single-cell Raman Spectra (SCRS) from a number of cells randomly selected from an isogenic population at a given time and condition, to rapidly and quantitatively detect and characterize stress responses of cellular population. SCRS of Escherichia coli cells are sensitive to both exposure time (eight time points) and dosage (six doses) of ethanol, with detection time as early as 5 min and discrimination rate of either factor over 80%. Moreover, the ramanomes upon six chemical compounds from three categories, including antibiotics of ampicillin and kanamycin, alcohols of ethanol and n-butanol and heavy metals of Cu2+ and Cr6+, were analyzed and 31 marker Raman bands were revealed which distinguish stress-responses via cytotoxicity mechanism and variation of inter-cellular heterogeneity. Furthermore, specificity, reproducibility and mechanistic basis of ramanome were validated by tracking stress-induced dynamics of metabolites and by contrasting between cells with and without genes that convey stress resistance. Thus ramanome enables rapid prediction and mechanism-based screening of cytotoxicity and stress-response programs at single-cell resolution