Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The fabrication of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite thin films via organic cation exchange
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High-quality formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI(3)) perovskite thin films are fabricated via organic cation exchange. With ammonia lead iodide (NH4PbI3) as the starting material, the NH4+ in NH4PbI3 could be gradually substituted by FA(+) in formamidine acetate (FA-Ac) and simultaneously transformed to the pure phase alpha-FAPbI(3) at elevated temperature.</p
Wide bandgap copolymers with vertical benzodithiophene dicarboxylate for high-performance polymer solar cells with an efficiency up to 7.49%
No full textIn aiming to build novel wide band-gap high-performance photovoltaic donor materials, a vertical benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-dicarboxylate (V-BDTC) with a weak electron-withdrawing character was primarily developed. And its wide band-gap (WBG) copolymers PV-BDTC1 and PV-BDTC2 were designed and synthesized, which contain a traditional electron-donating unit of 4,8-disubstituted benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b'] dithiophene (BDT) derivative with diethylhexyloxy for the former and diethylhexylthiophenyl for the latter. It is found that the weak electron-withdrawing V-BDTC unit endows its copolymers with a WBG up to 2.09 eV and a deep HOMO energy level of similar to 5.67 eV. Furthermore, PV-BDTC2 exhibits much better photovoltaic properties than PV-BDTC1 in the solution-processing polymer solar cells (PSCs) with a higher open-circuit voltage (V-oc) of 1.03 V and an increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.49%. To the best of our knowledge, this PCE value is the highest level recorded for copolymers with a WBG over 2.0 eV in the PSCs to date, along with a remarkable V-oc over 1.0 V. This work provides a feasible strategy to develop a novel promising electron-withdrawing building block and its high-performance WBG copolymers based on the BDT unit
Growth of flower-like SnO2 crystal and performance as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells
No full textThe tin dioxide crystal with three dimensional flower-like structures had been synthesized in the typical hydrothermal route. The crystals grown for different hydrothermal time was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to investigate the growing mechanism of the self-assembled structure. The flower-like architecture consists of independent SnO2 single-crystal nanorods which grow along c-axes direction with enclosed (110) lattice faces. The growing mechanism based on thermodynamics and dynamics have been proposed to discuss the growing process. The flower-like SnO2 crystal has higher specific surface area and more stable spatial structure. When the flower-like SnO2 nanocrystal was used as the photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) was four times higher than that of spherical SnO2 nanocrystal photoanode solar cells. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd
High energy density hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery with superior ultra-low temperature performance
No full textThe development of high energy density rechargeable Mg-based batteries operating in a wide electrochemical window and ultra-low temperature remains a great challenge owing to parasitic side reactions between electrolytes and battery components when examined at high operating potentials (above 2.0 V vs. Mg2+/Mg). Herein we propose a flexible pyrolytic graphitic film (GF) as a reliable current collector of high-voltage cathodes for a hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery within a pouch cell configuration. The utilization of such a highly electrochemical stable GF unlocks the critical bottleneck of incompatibility among all battery parts, especially parasitic corrosive reactions between electrolytes and currently available current collectors, which takes a big step forward towards the practical applications of Mg-based batteries. With an operating potential of 2.4 V, the hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery designed by us can deliver a maximum energy density of 382.2 W h kg(-1), which significantly surpasses that of the conventional Mg battery (about 60 W h kg(-1)), and the Al battery (about 40 W h kg(-1)) as well as the state-of-the-art hybrid Na/Mg and Li/Mg batteries. The electrochemical property of the hybrid Mg2+/Li+ battery is also characterized by higher rate capability (68.8 mA h g(-1) at 3.0C), higher coulombic efficiency of 99.5%, and better cyclic stability (98% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1.0C). In addition, the designed hybrid battery delivers excellent electrochemical performance at an ultra-low temperature of -40 degrees C, at which it retains 77% capacity compared to that of room temperature. Our strategy opens up a new possibility for widespread applications of graphitic current collectors towards high energy rechargeable Mg-based hybrid batteries, especially applied in polar regions, aerospace, and deep offshore waters
Adsorption of Congo red from water with spindle-like boehmite: the role of lattice plane (020)
No full textSpindle-like boehmites with high adsorption capacity for Congo red (CR) from water were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis method without any surfactants. The crystallite sizes of boehmites can be subtly adjusted by hydrothermal post-treatment for various durations, and the crystalline structure, morphology and textural properties of boehmites were characterized by different techniques. The adsorption capacities and rates of CR onto boehmites were thoroughly evaluated with the help of equilibrium and kinetics experiments. The adsorption isotherms are fitted well to the Langmuir equation, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity (q(max)) is as high as 427.4 mg g(-1). The kinetics data show that the adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and besides, adsorption rate is closely related to the exposed surface area of lattice plane (020) of boehmite crystallite, because this plane has a relatively high OH density that is favourable to the adsorption of CR. The IR characterization and the relationship between the pH values of the zero point of charge (pH(zpc)) for different boehmites and adsorption behavior of CR suggest that the involved adsorption process is driven by the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction at the same time
Single-crystal Au microflakes modulated by amino acids and their sensing and catalytic properties
No full textSingle-crystal Au microflakes with the planar area over 10(3) mu m(2) (i.e. being accessible to the human eye resolution) were synthesized in an environment-friendly route by directing two-dimensional growth of Au nanocrystals into macroscopic scales with amino acids as both reducing agents and capping agents. Side groups of amino acids were found to be a determinant parameter to tune the dimension and size of Au single crystals. The successful synthesis of Au microflakes provides an unprecedented opportunity to bridge nanotechnology and macroscopic devices, and hereby to start a new scenario of exploring their unique properties and applications in optoelectronic devices and bio-sensing fields across multiple length scales. For example, Au microflakes respond to air humidity upon depositing on films of chitin nanofibrils, and sense various physiological molecules as electrode materials of biosensors. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Enhancement in oxidative property on amorphous rare earth doped Mn catalysts
No full textRare earth metal (Ce, La, or Pr) doped Mn-based catalysts were prepared to obtain amorphous Mn-Ce-O-x, Mn-La-O-x and Mn-Pr-O-x. Promotional effects of NO conversion at low temperature were observed after rare earth metal doping. The Mn-Ce-O-x catalyst had the best oxidation performance and the maximum NO oxidation conversion was 94.0% at the reaction temperature of 239 degrees C. Among the reported Mn-based catalysts for NO oxidation, the Mn-Ce-O-x catalyst showed superior low-temperature activity. The SEM, XRD, BET and XPS analyses further confirmed that the amorphous structure of the catalyst contributed a lot to the enhancement of activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Concurrent production of carotenoids and lipid by a filamentous microalga Trentepohlia arborum
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During the study of Trentepohlia arborum it became clear that its cells are rich in lipids and carotenoids. Thus, lipid content, composition and fatty acids profiles in individual lipid classes, as well as pigment profiles, responding to different culture conditions, were further investigated. The results showed that the predominant carotenoids and lipid fraction in total lipid in this study was beta-carotene and TAG, respectively. The lipid content increased significantly under high light while nitrogen-replete conditions induced the highest carotenoids content. However, only with a double stress of high light and nitrogen-deficiency it was possible to maximize the productivities of both carotenoids and lipids. Carotenoids (mainly beta-carotene) accounted for ca. 5% of the microalgal lipid under the double stress. Data herein show the potential of T. arborum for the production of both lipids and carotenoids, and hence provide an appropriate way to produce different products from T. arborum. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p
Hierarchically Porous N-doped Carbon Derived from ZIF-8 Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Applications
No full textA core-shell structure composite, zeolitic imidazolate framework @ cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (ZIF-8@CTAB) was synthesized by CTAB micelle controlling the growth of ZIF-8 in aqueous systems. Direct carbonization of ZIF-8@CTAB at a high temperature produced the nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon (named as PC1000@C). In comparison with the carbonization product of pure ZIF-8 (named as PC1000), PC1000@C possesses the higher specific surface area and two-times larger total pore volume. The results from elemental analysis shows the higher N content in PC1000 sample, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy curve-fitting shows the higher quaternary-N content in PC1000@C sample. The hierarchical microporous/mesoporous structure, high surface area and favorable N species in PC1000@C play an active role in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The specific capacitance of porous carbon was calculated from the galvanostatic-discharge curve. PC1000@C exhibits a large specific capacitance of 225 F g(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A g(-1) and still retains 92% of initial capacitance after 1000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved