Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Conversion of methanol to light olefins over H-MCM-22 dealuminated with different methods
No full textBACKGROUND: In the post-oil society, the methanol-to-olefin (MTO) conversion is a successful non-oil route for the production of ethene, propene and butene, which are important chemicals in modern chemical industry. Recently, the global demand for propene increased, which makes high propene selectivity attractive in the MTO conversion. However, looking for an effective catalyst is the main challenge
Modeling of carbon dioxide mass transfer behavior in attached cultivation photobioreactor using the analysis of the pH profiles
No full textThe CO2 mass transfer model associated with growth kinetics of microalgal biofilm in attached cultivation photobioreactor was developed and verified by using the analysis of pH profiles which were in equilibrium with inorganic carbon components concentrations (CO2, H2CO3, HCO3 (-) and CO3 (2-)) in medium. Model simulation results showed that the model well presented the biofilm growth process. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient of CO2 was more influenced by CO2 concentration in aerated gas but less by gas aeration rate and medium circulation rate. Other bio-kinetic parameters related with the microalgal biofilm such as CO2 diffusion coefficient in biofilm, Monod maximum utilization rate of CO2, lag phase duration of biofilm and half-saturation CO2 concentration in the biofilm were independent on operational conditions. The pH profiles provided a way to monitor the variations of inorganic carbon concentrations of medium and to regulate the cultivation of attached microalgal biofilm by CO2 supplement
Selective oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds in alkylphenols by a chemomimetic biocatalytic system
No full textSelective oxidation of aliphatic C-H bonds in alkylphenols serves significant roles not only in generation of functionalized intermediates that can be used to synthesize diverse downstream chemical products, but also in biological degradation of these environmentally hazardous compounds. Chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity; controllability; and environmental impact represent the major challenges for chemical oxidation of alkylphenols. Here, we report the development of a unique chemomimetic biocatalytic system originated from the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum. The system consisting of CreHI (for installation of a phosphate directing/anchoring group), CreJEF/CreG/CreC (for oxidation of alkylphenols), and CreD (for directing/anchoring group offloading) is able to selectively oxidize the aliphatic C-H bonds of p-and m-alkylated phenols in a controllable manner. Moreover, the crystal structures of the central P450 biocatalyst CreJ in complex with two representative substrates provide significant structural insights into its substrate flexibility and reaction selectivity
An interpenetrating network poly(diethylene glycol carbonate)-based polymer electrolyte for solid state lithium batteries
No full textPolycarbonate-based polymer electrolytes possess superior ionic conductivity at room temperature, higher lithium ion transference number and wider electrochemical stability window when compared with conventional poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes. Herein, the poly(diethylene glycol carbonate) dimethacrylate macromonomer (PDEC-DMA) was synthesized and the resultant interpenetrating network IPN-PDEC polymer electrolyte was developed via free radical in situ polymerization for polymer electrolyte Li metal batteries. This IPN-PDEC polymer electrolyte exhibited a decent ionic conductivity of 1.64 x 10(-4) S cm(-1) at room temperature and a wide electrochemical stability window (up to 4.5 V vs. Li+/Li). The LiFePO4/IPN-PDEC/Li and LiFe0.2Mn0.8PO4/IPN-PDEC/Li cells delivered excellent rate capability and cycling performance at room temperature. An all solid state lithium battery was also demonstrated by applying the as-prepared solid polymer electrolyte (SPE-PDEC) at a temperature of 100 degrees C, which displayed a superior cycling performance. Therefore, the IPN-PDEC network is a promising polymer electrolyte for solid state lithium batteries
甘蓝型油菜作图群体亲本基因组及性状ＱＴＬ密集区变异特点
No full text为了解作图群体亲本间基因组和密集QTL区的遗传变异,促进QTL定位与克隆,本研究对一个甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）重组自交系（recombinant lnbred lines,RIL）群体双亲M083和888-5（二者株高、分枝数、开花时间、菌核病抗性等性状差异显著）的基因组进行深度测序和分析。研究结果表明：在M083和888-5中分别检测到SNP个数为1 941 397和2 046 009,In Del个数为410 961和428 572,结构变异个数为90 384和88 456,拷贝数变异个数为46 655和46 008。对包含开花时间、菌核病抗性、株高等多个性状主效QTL密集的A02染色体进行分析发现,在包括上述性状QTL密集的6.4~6.9Mb的0~8.5Mb基因组区间内,两品系SNPs和In Dels变异数量/密度总体呈相反的趋势;片段丢失也有热点区,888-5和M083均在两个共同区域高频发生,其中一个为QTL密集区;倒位在染色体上的分布虽然也是不均匀的,但两品种间发生区域不同,且与QTL无关。本文关于基因组变异（SNPs、In Dels、除倒位外的结构变异）热点区和QTL密集区重复的结论对性状控制位点精细定位、基因克隆及育种亲本选择有一定的指导意
A theoretical study of different carbon coatings effect on the depolarization effect and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode
No full textIn this work, three categories of advanced carbon materials coated on current collector are investigated. The results indicate that carbon coating has a positive influence on the depolarization effect and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode, different carbon coatings have drastically different influences, high rates in particular. The epolarization effect and rate performance show the following order: Graphene nanosheets (GNs) > Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) > Activated carbons (ACs), and the differences of rate capacities among them become more and more obvious with increasing rates. Especially for 5C, the discharge capacities values are 122 mAh g−1, 114.8 mAh g−1, 106.8 mAh g−1 and 49.2 mAh g−1 for LFP-GNs-Al, LFP-CNTs-Al, LFP-ACs-Al and LFP-Al, respectively. The enhancement is attributed to the carbon coating acting as a transport system of electron between cathode materials and current collector, resulting in reducing the contact impedance within the electrodes, thus providing a favorable balance between fast ion diffusion and increased electron transport
中国近海养殖环境碳汇形成过程与机制
No full text中国是世界上海水养殖规模最大的国家, 通过开展近海养殖增加海洋碳汇(亦称蓝碳)是应对全球气候变化
和促进低碳发展的一条新的科学途径. 蓝碳是“蓝色粮仓”建设的重要内容之一, 通过提高贝藻等的养殖产量, 增
加可移出的碳汇, 是近海蓝碳开发的一部分. 而微型生物蓝碳、 溶解有机碳(主要指惰性溶解有机碳)、 颗粒碳的
沉积等都是养殖碳汇的重要组成部分, 是以往被遗漏的碳汇部分. 从不同角度全面揭示近海养殖环境的碳汇形成
过程与机制, 科学评估近海养殖碳汇功能, 不仅可为渔业经济可持续发展和生态文明建设提供重要的理论与技术
支撑, 并可能在未来碳市场中创造新的经济价值
Thin-layer chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determining tetrabromobisphenol A/S and their derivatives in soils
No full textUltrafast Excited-State Energy Transfer in DTDCTB Dimers Embedded in a Crystal Environment: Quantum Dynamics with the Multilayer Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree Method
No full textPhotoinduced excited-state energy transfer (EET) processes play a key role in the solar energy conversion of small molecule organic solar cells. We investigated intermolecular EET dynamics in the 2-[[7-(5-N,N-ditolylaminothiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-yl]methylene]malononitrile (DTDCTB) dimer embedded in a crystal environment using full quantum dynamics, i.e., the multilayer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. Two different stacking statuses of the DTDCTB dimers, which occur along the OA axis in the DTDCTB crystal, were considered. We built a vibronic diabatic Hamiltonian using the projection method based on quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics results. Different model Hamiltonians were considered in the full quantum dynamics studies. First, reduced-dimensional models were constructed by simply including more of the important vibrational modes. Second, we tried to construct a continuous spectral density based on the vibronic coupling strengths of different modes and then created a set of “pseudomodes” to represent electron–phonon couplings. The dynamics results based on these reduced models were compared with the results obtained with the full dimensional model. Our theoretical descriptions demonstrated that ultrafast intermolecular EET dynamics takes place in the well-stacked DTDCTB dimers. This work deepens our understanding of the photoinduced ultrafast EET dynamics of realistic organic photovoltaic systems at the full quantum mechanical level
N-Alkylation vs O-Alkylation: Influence on the Performance of a Polymeric Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Tetracyclic Lactam Building Block
No full textLactam-containing conjugated molecules are important building blocks for conjugated polymers for high performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The alkylation on conjugated lactam building blocks may preferably produce either O-alkylated or N-alkylated isomers, which might have different influences on the HOMO/LUMO energy levels, π–π stacking patterns and crystallinity of the corresponding polymers. However, the influence of O-alkylation and N-alkylation on the OFET performance of the resultant polymers has not been reported. Here, with an improved synthetic strategy, we prepared the N-alkylated isomer of dibenzonaphthyridinedione (DBND), a tetracyclic lactam building block that used to give O-alkylated product preferably, which gave us a chance to compare the influence of N-alkylated DBND (N-DBND) and O-alkylated DBND (O-DBND) on the OFET performance of the corresponding polymers. It was found that the polymer based on N-DBND exhibits a much higher hole mobility (0.55 cm2 V–1 s–1), almost 100 times greater than the one based on O-DBND (0.006 cm2 V–1 s–1). The reasons for such a huge difference were thoroughly investigated theoretically and experimentally. It was found that repeating unit in the polymer based on N-DBND exhibits a much higher dipole moment (1.56 D) than that based on O-DBND (0.49 D), which results in a much stronger intermolecular binding energy (−57.2 vs −30.0 kcal mol–1). Although both polymers exhibits very similar coplanarity and crystalline patterns, stronger intermolecular interaction of the polymer based on N-DBND leads to shorter π–π stacking distance (3.63 vs 3.68 Å), which results in a film with higher crystallinity and highly interconnected fibrillar domains, and accounts for its high charge carrier mobility, as evidenced by 2D-GIXD and AFM analysis. We come to the conclusion that the more polar amide bond in N-DBND is the major factor which governs the charge transport properties, which overwhelms the side-chain engineering effect that O-alkylation might bring in (the branching point of the side-chain of an O-DBND-based polymer is one more atom away from the polymer backbone and results in less steric hindrance)