Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Efficient P3HT:PC61BM solar cells employing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as the processing additives
No full textThe efficiency of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) based organic solar cells was enhanced by using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) as a processing additive to control the blend morphology. The addition of TCB improved the arrangement of P3HT which resulted in good phase separated blend films. Correspondingly, the optimized solar cells showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.17% with a fill factor (FF) of 0.69, which were higher than those of common thermal annealing devices (PCE 3.84%, FF 0.67). The efficiency was further improved to 4.74% by thermal annealing at 150 A degrees C for 10 min with a higher FF of 0.74
Modulating Zn(OH)(2) Rods by Marine Alginate for Templates of Hybrid Tubes with Catalytic and Antimicrobial Properties
No full textWith the help of marine alginate, Zn(OH)(2) nanorods were synthesized under mild conditions (e.g., room temperature and atmospheric pressure) through a one-step, green, and scalable method, in which both the morphologies (e.g., nanorods and nanoflakes) and nanoscale sizes of Zn(OH)(2) could be precisely controlled by alginate. Considering the high reactive activity as well as the adhesion property of dopamine, polydopamine nanotubes were produced by the template of Zn(OH)(2) rods and following a mussel-biomimetic strategy of dopamine coating. The enhanced activities of polydopamine surfaces further offered the possibility of embedding Ag nanoparticles to produce Ag nanotubes with super-catalytic and-antibacterial properties. The combination of inexpensive starting materials, simple synthesis procedure, and exceptional properties gives Zn(OH)(2) rods/nanoflakes great potential as templates and for multiple applications in catalysis, sensing, etc
Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of low rank coals by TG-FTIR method
No full textThe paper studied the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of four typical low rank coals selected from different mines of China using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). The chemical structures of the low rank coals were investigated by the FFIR measurements. The FUR spectra of the low rank coals were divided into four zones and functional groups of the chemical structures were investigated by curve-fitted method. The thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of low rank coals indicated that the overall pyrolysis processes could be divided into five stages based on characteristic temperatures and each stage had its unique characteristics. The pyrolysis reactions mainly occurred in the fast pyrolysis stage. The activation energy E and frequency factor A were calculated by a single first-order reaction model using Doyle integral method. The results showed that the E and A of the fast pyrolysis stage were the largest, while the obtained E of the slow pyrolysis stage was close to that of the fast polycondensation stage. The emissions of CO2 and CH4 were detected during pyrolysis process. The results revealed that the evolutions of CO2 and CH4 were affected mainly by content of carboxyl groups and content of aliphatic chains in the low rank coals, respectively. The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of low rank coals were closely associated with their complex chemical structures. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Integrated study on the role of solvent, catalyst and reactant in the hydrodeoxygenation of eugenol over nickel-based catalysts
No full textThe hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of phenols to hydrocarbons is a very promising technique process for the lignin valorization. To reveal the role of reactant, solvent and catalyst, the HDO experiments of eugenol to hydrocarbons were carried out at 523 K under 3 MPa H-2 over Ni catalysts supported on activated carbon (AC) and MFI-type zeolites in polar water and nonpolar n-hexane, respectively. It was found that Ni/AC was more efficient for the HDO of eugenol in water than in n-hexane, but Ni/HZSM-5 was just the opposite. The respective roles of Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites on supports were also investigated by employing NaZSM-5, HZSM-5 and silicalite-1 as supports. It was revealed that Bronsted acid showed superior advantages (TOF: 37.9 h(-1) to 11.1 h(-1)) over Lewis acid in the dehydration of 4propyl-cyclohexanol. Oxygen-containing functional groups could be removed from the aromatic ring completely over Ni/HZSM-5 in n-hexane. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Distributions and relationships of virio-and picoplankton in the epi-, meso- and bathypelagic zones of the Western Pacific Ocean
No full textVirio- and picoplankton mediate important biogeochemical processes and the environmental factors that regulate their dynamics, and the virus-host interactions are incompletely known, especially in the deep sea. Here we report on their distributions and relationships with environmental factors at 21 stations covering a latitudinal range (2-23 degrees N) in the Western Pacific Ocean. This region is characterized by a complex western boundary current system. Synechococcus, autotrophic picoeukaryotes, heterotrophic prokaryotes and virus-like particles (VLPs) were high (< 2.4 Chi 10(2)-6.3 Chi 10(4), < 34-2.8 Chi 10(3), 3.9 Chi 10(4)-1.3 Chi 10(6) cellsmL(-1) and 5.1 Chi 10(5)-2.7 Chi 10(7) mL(-1), respectively), and Prochlorococcus were low (< 2.3 Chi 10(2)-1.0 Chi 10(5) cellsmL(-1)) in the Luzon Strait and the four most southerly stations, where upwelling occurs. Covariations in the abundances of VLPs with heterotrophic and autotrophic picoplankton, and their correlation (i.e. r(2) = 0.63 and 0.52, respectively) suggested a strong host dependence in the epi-and mesopelagic zones. In the bathypelagic zone, only abiotic factors significantly influenced VLPs abundance variation ( r(2) = 0.12). This study shows that the dynamics of virio- and picoplankton in this Western Pacific are controlled by suite of complex and depth-dependent relationship among physical and biological factors that in turn link the physical hydrography of the western boundary current system with microbial-mediated biogeochemical processes
Enhanced the energy outcomes from microalgal biomass by the novel biopretreatment
No full textMicroalgae have been considered as one of the most promising biomass for the generation of bio-fuels. The anaerobic digestion (AD) has been proved to be a promising technique to transfer the microalgal biomass into biofuels. Previous study demonstrated that anaerobic pretreatment of microalgae biomass by Bacillus licheniformis could improve methane production. In this study micro-aerobic bio-pretreatment of microalgal biomass by the facultative anaerobic bacteria Bacillus licheniformis was invested with different loads of oxygen supplied. The bio-hydrogen and biomethane productions were tested to calculate total energy outcomes. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) photographs suggested that the novel micro-aerobic bio-pretreatment (MBP) could effectively damage the firm cell wall of algal cells. The processing time of the novel method (24 h) was less than the previous anaerobic pretreatment (60 h). Results showed that the group with 5 mL oxygen/g VSfed had the highest total energy outcomes, which was 17.6% higher than that of the anaerobic pretreatment. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd
Mild Oxalic-Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis as a Novel Approach to Prepare Cellulose Nanocrystals
No full textThe traditional method to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is to subject cellulosic materials to strong acid hydrolysis by mineral acids, which usually causes problems such as corrosion of equipment, the need for large amounts of water, the difficulty of acid recovery, and over-degradation of cellulose. Thus, a green and sustainable approach for the preparation of CNCs was developed where mild acid hydrolysis with diluted oxalic acid was used. The reaction kinetics of different preparation parameters, such as reaction temperature, oxalic acid dose, addition of HCl, and reaction time were thoroughly investigated. A high yield of up to 85% was achieved by mild oxalic acid hydrolysis in comparison to the yield of 35% using the most common approach with sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The CNCs from the above approach have a high thermal stability, that is, a maximum thermal degradation temperature of 350 degrees C in comparison to 200 degrees C when sulfuric acid hydrolysis was used. Importantly, oxalic acid solutions were readily recovered, and exhibited consistently high performance in several continuous runs of reaction. The hydrolysates contained mostly monomeric sugars, which could be further utilized for chemical or biofuel production
Catalytic oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) over different catalysts: an overview
No full textNitrogen oxides (mainly NO) are one of the major air pollutants that lead to a number of environmental problems such as photochemical smog, acid rain and haze. The catalytic oxidation of NO to NO2 is regarded as a key step in NOx elimination. In recent decades, a variety of NO oxidation catalysts have been developed for possible application, which can be divided into four categories, namely, supported (including noble metals and metal oxides), multi-metal oxide, perovskite type and carbon-based catalysts. In addition, the "fast SCR" catalysts which were effective for NO oxidation were also included. This paper reviewed the recent progress on catalysts and evaluated the catalytic performance in NO oxidation. As well, the mechanistic investigations and SO2/H2O tolerance were emphasized. Finally, the perspective and the future direction of NO oxidation catalysts were presented
Backbone and side-chain H-1, N-15 and C-13 resonance assignments of two Sac10b family members Mvo10b and Mth10bTQQA from archaea
No full textThe Sac10b family proteins, also named as Alba, are small, basic, nucleic acid-binding proteins widely distributed in archaea. They possess divergent physiological functions such as binding to both DNA and RNA with a high affinity and involving in genomic DNA compaction, RNA transactions and transcriptional regulations. The structures of many Sac10b family proteins from hyperthermophilic archaea have been reported, while those from thermophilic and mesophilic archaea are largely unknown. As was pointed out, the homologous members from thermophilic and mesophilic archaea may have functions different from the hyperthermophilic members. Therefore, comparison of these homologous members can provide biophysical and structural insight into the functional diversity and thermal adaptation mechanism. The present work mainly focused on the NMR study of two Sac10b family members, Mvo10b and Mth10b, from the mesophilic and thermophilic archaea, respectively. To overcome the difficulties caused by the oligomerization and conformation heterogeneity of Mth10b, a M13T/L17Q/I20Q/P56A mutant Mth10b (Mth10bTQQA) was constructed and used together with Mvo10b for multi-dimensional NMR experiments. The resonance assignments of Mvo10b and Mth10bTQQA are reported for further structural determination which is a basis for understanding the functional diversity and their thermal adaption mechanisms