Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Novel Design Concepts of Efficient Mg-Ion Electrolytes toward High-Performance Magnesium-Selenium and Magnesium-Sulfur Batteries
No full textDeveloping high-voltage Mg-compatible electrolytes (>3.0V vs Mg) still remains to be the biggest R&D challenge in the area of nonaqueous rechargeable Mg batteries. Here, the key design concepts toward exploring new boron-based Mg salts in a specific way of highlighting the implications of anions are proposed for the first time. The well-defined boron-centered anion-based magnesium electrolyte (BCM electrolyte) is successfully presented by facile one-step mixing of tris(2H-hexafluoroisopropyl) borate and MgF2 in 1,2-dimethoxyethane, in which the structures of anions have been thoroughly investigated via mass spectrometry accompanied by NMR and Raman spectra. The first all-round practical BCM electrolyte fulfills all requirements of easy synthesis, high ionic conductivity, wide potential window (3.5 V vs Mg), compatibility with electrophilic sulfur, and simultaneously noncorrosivity to coin cell assemblies. When utilizing the BCM electrolyte, the fast-kinetics selenium/carbon (Se/C) cathode achieves the best rate capability and the sulfur/carbon (S/C) cathode exhibits an impressive prolonged cycle life than previously published reports. The BCM electrolyte offers the most promising avenue to eliminate the major roadblocks on the way to high-voltage Mg batteries and the design concepts can shed light on future exploration directions toward high-voltage Mg-compatible electrolytes
Ionic Liquid Confined in Mesoporous Polymer Membrane with Improved Stability for CO2/N-2 Separation
No full textSupported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) have a promising prospect of application in flue gas separation, owing to its high permeability and selectivity of CO2. However, existing SILMs have the disadvantage of poor stability due to the loss of ionic liquid from the large pores of the macroporous support. In this study, a novel SILM with high stability was developed by confining ionic liquid in a mesoporous polymer membrane. First, a mesoporous polymer membrane derived from a soluble, low-molecular-weight phenolic resin precursor was deposited on a porous Al2O3 support, and then 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([emim][BF4]) was immobilized inside mesopores of phenolic resin, forming the SILM under vacuum. Effects of trans-membrane pressure difference on the SILM separation performance were investigated by measuring the permeances of CO2 and N-2. The SILM exhibits a high ideal CO2/N-2 selectivity of 40, and an actual selectivity of approximately 25 in a mixed gas (50% CO2 and 50% N-2) at a trans-membrane pressure difference of 2.5 bar. Compared to [emim][BF4] supported by polyethersulfone membrane with a pore size of around 0.45 m, the [emim][BF4] confined in a mesoporous polymer membrane exhibits an improved stability, and its separation performance remained stable for 40 h under a trans-membrane pressure difference of 1.5 bar in a mixed gas before the measurement was intentionally stopped
The Kinetics of the Electroreduction Reaction of Molecular Oxygen in a Series of Quinoline Media
No full textThe quantitative investigations of the electroreduction of O-2 to O-2(-) at Au electrode in Q, IQ and a series of methylquinoline solvents were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and normal pulse voltammetry (NPV). The relevant kinetic parameters (i.e., the standard rate constant, k(o), and the cathodic transfer coefficient, alpha(c)) were evaluated by NPV. Results show that there is an inverse relationship of the formal potential (E-o,) to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, indicating that O-2(-) is more stabilized in a solvent with lower LUMO; and a proportional relationship of k(o) to diffusion coefficient (D), indicating the solvent dynamics control of the electrode reactions. (C) 2017 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved
Conformal poly(ethyl alpha-cyanoacrylate) nano-coating for improving the interface stability of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4
No full textUndesired interfacial reaction between the high voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 and commercial organic electrolyte is one of the most essential obstacles for the application of cathode material LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Here, to amend the high voltage cathode/electrolyte interface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, we proposed a conformal nano-coating strategy by in-situ polymerization of poly(ethyl alpha-cyanoacrylate (PECA) on its surface. The electrochemical measurement results demonstrated that the conformal PECA nano-coating film, acting as high voltage polymer electrolyte, transition metallic ions blocking layer, and buffer layer against electrolyte erosion and particle cracks, can successfully decrease polarization and enhance capacity retention during cycling of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. This work will inspire extensive and intensive research on the interface modification of LIBs. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Hydrogen and methane production from vinasse using two-stage anaerobic digestion
No full textVinasse is mainly produced during the brewing or liquor production, which is an potential substrate for biogas production. However, due to the rich content of easily degradation components in vinasse, the fermentation system during the initial AD stage of vinasse is easily acidifying, which leads to the fermentation system unstable, even failed. In this study, mesophilic hydrogen and methane production from vinasse through two-stage anaerobic digestion was investigated. In addition, one-stage anaerobic digestion of vinasse was also conducted to compare with two-stage anaerobic digestion. During two-stage anaerobic digestion, the hydrogen and methane yield were 14.8 and 274 ml/g VSsubstrate, respectively. The methane yield from two-stage anaerobic digestion was 10.8% higher than that of one-stage. During the methane production process, the lag-phase of two-stage anaerobic digestion was 9.1 days less than that of one-stage. In addition, the VS removal efficiency and energy recovery of two-stage anaerobic digestion were 10.4% and 12.9% higher than those of one-stage. Two-stage anaerobic digestion for hydrogen and methane production could efficiently improve the substrate utilization efficiency and energy recovery of vinasse. (C) 2017 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A 21-year record of methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments from the East China Sea
No full textSediments are major sinks for organic pollutants and therefore can be used as archives of pollutant history. Methoxylated (MeO-) and hydroxylated (OH-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are of increasing concern because of their potential toxicity and worldwide distribution. However, there is limited information on these compounds in marine environments. Here we determined the contents of nine MeO-PBDE, ten OH-PBDE and total organic carbon in a sediment core collected from the inner shelf of the East China Sea in 2009. The historical trends of 6-MeO-BDE47, 6-OH-BDE47 and total organic carbon were reconstructed. Our results show that 6-MeO-BDE47 concentrations present no significant trend from 1987 to 2005 and then increase from 2005 to 2008. 6-OH-BDE47 concentrations generally increase slightly from 1987 to the end of the 1990s and then decrease. Comparisons between 6-OH-BDE47 and 6-MeO-BDE47 as well as total organic carbon suggest that 6-OH-BDE47 is mainly from terrigenous inputs
An electrochemical bisphenol A sensor based on one step electrochemical reduction of cuprous oxide wrapped graphene oxide nanoparticles modified electrode
No full textBisphenol A (BPA), as an important industrial material, has been widespread concerned in recent years as its endocrine disrupting effect. This study reported a novel bisphenol A sensor via a facile one step electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (rGO) and cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrodes. The characterization of the fabricated sensor was performed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectroscopy. The prepared Cu2O-rGO electrode presented fast response, high sensitivity and low background current. The response of BPA on prepared electrode was 2.15 times higher than reduced graphene modified electrode. Under the optimized experimental parameters, the detection range of the modified electrode was from 1x10(-7) to 8x10(-5) M and the limit of detection was 5.3x10(-8) M (S/N =3). The prepared Cu2O-rGO modified electrode has been successfully used for detecting BPA in environmental water samples
Versatility of hydrocarbon production in cyanobacteria
No full textCyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms using solar energy, H2O, and CO2 as the primary inputs. Compared to plants and eukaryotic microalgae, cyanobacteria are easier to be genetically engineered and possess higher growth rate. Extensive genomic information and well-established genetic platform make cyanobacteria good candidates to build efficient biosynthetic pathways for biofuels and chemicals by genetic engineering. Hydrocarbons are a family of compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Structural diversity of the hydrocarbon family is enabled by variation in chain length, degree of saturation, and rearrangements of the carbon skeleton. The diversified hydrocarbons can be used as valuable chemicals in the field of food, fuels, pharmaceuticals, nutrition, and cosmetics. Hydrocarbon biosynthesis is ubiquitous in bacteria, yeasts, fungi, plants, and insects. A wide variety of pathways for the hydrocarbon biosynthesis have been identified in recent years. Cyanobacteria may be superior chassis for hydrocabon production in a photosynthetic manner. A diversity of hydrocarbons including ethylene, alkanes, alkenes, and terpenes can be produced by cyanobacteria. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies can be employed to improve hydrocarbon production in cyanobacteria. This review mainly summarizes versatility and perspectives of hydrocarbon production in cyanobacteria
Solid-phase synthesis for novel nerve agent adducted nonapeptides as biomarkers
No full textAn efficient synthesis of d(5)-VX adducted nonapeptide and d(15)-GD adducted nonapeptide via solid-phase approach has been developed. The deuterated peptides could be used as the isotope-labeled internal standard for LC-MS/MS detecting the BuChE-OPNA biomarkers. This method also offers an access to the synthesis and detection of other phosphorylated nonapeptides. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
De novo Transcriptome Analysis of Miscanthus lutarioriparius Identifies Candidate Genes in Rhizome Development
No full textMiscanthus lutarioriparius is a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for second-generation bioethanol production. However, the genomic resource for this species is relatively limited thus hampers our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying many important biological processes. In this study, we performed the first de novo transcriptome analysis of five tissues (leaf, stem, root, lateral bud and rhizome bud) of M. lutarioriparius with an emphasis to identify putative genes involved in rhizome development. Approximately 66 gigabase (GB) paired-end clean reads were obtained and assembled into 169,064 unigenes with an average length of 759 bp. Among these unigenes, 103,899 (61.5%) were annotated in seven public protein databases. Differential gene expression profiling analysis revealed that 4,609, 3,188, 1,679, 1,218, and 1,077 genes were predominantly expressed in root, leaf, stem, lateral bud, and rhizome bud, respectively. Their expression patterns were further classified into 12 distinct clusters. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes predominantly expressed in rhizome bud were mainly involved in primary metabolism and hormone signaling and transduction pathways. Noteworthy, 19 transcription factors (TFs) and 16 hormone signaling pathway-related genes were identified to be predominantly expressed in rhizome bud compared with the other tissues, suggesting putative roles in rhizome formation and development. In addition, a predictive regulatory network was constructed between four TFs and six auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) -related genes. Furthermore, the expression of 24 rhizome-specific genes was further validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Taken together, this study provide a global portrait of gene expression across five different tissues and reveal preliminary insights into rhizome growth and development. The data presented will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying rhizome development in M. lutarioriparius and remarkably enrich the genomic resources of Miscanthus