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MADFORWATER. WP2 and WP3 Adaptation of wastewater treatment technologies and technologies for efficient water management and treated wastewater reuse in agriculture. Life-Cycle Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis of the tested technologies
No full textThis data set includes data produced by FHNW and PNO in collaboration with research partners in the framework of the MADFORWATER project. In particular, the data set contains qualitative and quantitative data about different MADFORWATER wastewater treatment technology and irrigation & water reuse technologies, collected by means of surveys and interviews with MADFORWATER project partners. Data were gathered and processed into comparable data types for the purpose of life-cycle assessment (LCA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA). LCA data includes technology-specific data (description, environmental benefits, and inventory of processes) and the resulting LCA analysis, that contains environmentally relevant indicators for each technology. CBA data includes various performance categories (capital; operating; maintenance and additional costs, such as training and overheads; social/environmental costs imposed on third parties by each wastewater treatment technology and irrigation & water reuse technology, such as noise or carbon impacts; health benefits related to irrigation with treated instead of untreated WW; health/environmental benefits), with specific data for each technology. Data and evaluation results can potentially be used by researchers active in similar research areas in their experiment designs, as well as by companies as a means for innovation decisions and business development
MADFORWATER. WP2 Adaptation of wastewater treatment technologies for agricultural reuse. Task2.3 Agro-industrial wastewater treatment. Subtask2.3.1 Treatment of olive mill wastewater. Anaerobic co-digestion of olive mill wastewater with municipal sludge
No full textThe goal of this study was to develop a mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (co-AD) process of olive mill wastewater (OMW) and sewage sludge (SwS) from municipal wastewater treatment. Different volumetric OMW:SwS ratios up to 100% OMW were fed in continuous 1.7-L bioreactors. The reactors fed with raw OMW (rOMW) performed better than those fed with OMW dephenolized by adsorption (dOMW). At a 23-day hydraulic retention time (HRT) the best performances were obtained in the reactor fed with 25% rOMW, with a 105% increase in methane yield in comparison to the 100% SwS test. At a 40-day HRT, the reactor fed with 40% rOMW attained a 268 NLCH4/kgVS methane yield (144% increase in comparison to 100% SwS). These results prove the feasibility of co-digesting with SwS the entire OMW production in regions characterized by intense olive oil production, with a strong increase in methane production
Trade secrets law
Get PDFThe standardisation of trade secret protection was one of the goals of the TRIPs Agreement of 1998. Nevertheless, substantial differences in this protection remain across jurisdictions. When defining the optimal scope of trade secrets law, lawmakers should be aware that strong trade secret protection is likely to promote inventiveness, but it is also likely to hinder the diffusion of knowledge and prevent competition
Catalogo critico dei licheni dell’Emilia-Romagna
Get PDFIl presente catalogo dei licheni sinora noti per l’Emilia-Romagna si basa sull’informazione reperibile nella letteratura pubblicata fino all’anno 2016 e sistematizzata in un database di oltre 6300 record a cui sono associati metadati utili per delineare la distribuzione e l’ecologia delle specie. In alcuni casi restano aperti problemi di sinonimia e di incongruenza con precedenti cataloghi redatti a scala nazionale. Per evitarne la dispersione, questi record problematici vengono riportati in tre distinte appendici. Nel complesso, il catalogo si basa su un totale di poco più di 5900 record che documentano la presenza sul territorio regionale di 795 taxa infragenerici. Il lavoro da un lato conferma un quadro di relativa carenza di conoscenze lichenologiche n questa Regione, dall’altro potrà verosimilmente costituire un punto di riferimento e stimolo per nuove indagini
MADFORWATER. Decision Support Tool for wastewater management and for water & land management in agriculture
Get PDFHere are provided the user guide and the code for a Decision Support Tool (DST) relative to wastewater management and water & land management in agriculture, developed in the MADFORWATER project. The DST is an integrated agro-economic model developed in Tasks 3.3 and 5.3, aimed at integrating water reuse and irrigation technologies with economic instruments into basin-scale strategies to enhance the use of treated wastewater.
The hydro-agro-economic DST consists of statements that define the data first, followed by the model and the solution statements. The DST is contained in a computer code constructed with the text editor GAMS IDE. The file has the file extension .gsm and can be read using any text editor. To run the DST, it is necessary to install the GAMS IDE software. The code has been written in order to be usable also with the demo license of GAMS, that can be freely obtained at the following link: https://www.gams.com/download/. At the same link, it is possible to freely download the GAMS software, for Windows, Linux or MAC operating systems.
An extremely wide documentation on the use of GAMS, including a relevant library of GAMS codes, is available at this link: https://www.gams.com/31/docs/
CONSOLE Project - Deliverable 2.5 - "EIP-AGRI abstract on current experience and existing initiatives on collective, result-based and value chain solutions for AECPG provision"
Get PDFTo improve the provision of agri-environmental-climate public goods (AECPGs) from agriculture and forestry, new solutions, such as result-based payments or collective implementation, and new strategies along the value chain might help. The analysis of ca. 120 case studies in and outside EU showed that many real-life cases of implementation combine different contract types. Collective implementation can be a precondition for environmental effectiveness, particularly if AECPGs are addressed that can be hardly improved by measures on single plots, (e.g. water quality). Result-based contracts can target specific AECPGs and increase engagement of land-managers due to flexible management choices. Some recommendations for contract design and implementation are distilled: 1.) Targeting contracts to specific regions addresses regional criticalities and enhances the farmers’ and foresters’ interest and understanding of measures. 2.) Involving land-managers in target-setting and measure development leads to higher compatibility with their businesses and can create win-win situations. 3.) Involving control authorities in the design of indicators in result-based schemes can guarantee integrability into RDPs. 4.) Fostering bottom-up approaches and involving regional key actors as coordinating units enhances commitment and motivation in collective approaches. 5.) Guaranteeing good levels of equity and fairness enhances acceptance particularly in value-chain based solutions. It becomes clear that result-based and collective solutions don’t fit in each context situation, as they often demand high levels of knowledge and collaborative skills. Value chain approaches are often only suited if consumers’ awareness is high
ROCK. Microclimate analysis in Piazza Scaravilli and Piazza Verdi. Tool08
No full textThis dataset contains microclimatic data collected in June and August 2019 in Bologna, in the framework of ROCK project. The data underly a research aimed at comparing microclimate conditions and people density in areas framed by the presence of ROCK temporary actions and events. In order to achieve this goal, microclimate analysis have been performed by the Department of Architecture of the University of Bologna using data from the open portal of ARPAER (https://www.arpae.it/it) and from the sensors installed by the ROCK project in the area. ARPAER data have been inserted in the ENVIMET software, according with the methodology briefly described in the Methodology section of file ROCK_WP2_T2-4_Tool8ENVIMET_202102_v1_README.rtf, and more completely into the provided guideline (file named ROCK_WP2_T2-4_Tool8ENVIMET_Guideline.pdf). Results of the model have been validated through the results of the sensors installed in the area. The documents inside the subfolder named 01_Tool-08-ENVIMET-DATA-LOCAL-SENSORS-calibration contains this step of the process
Additional dataset for Prebiotic potential of hemp drinks
No full textThe file PrebioticPotential_HempBlendedDrinks_Probiotics_Data.ods contains eight sheets with various datasets. The "pH" sheet provides data on the acidity of fermented drink substrates, while the "Count" sheet contains information on microbial cell growth in the fermented drinks. The "PA" sheet reports on prebiotic activity, including prebiotic scores and the related equations. The " NutriValues" sheet presents the nutritional values of the drinks. The "Prebiotic_paper" sheet focuses on the prebiotic potential of hemp blended drinks. The "PCAs" sheet includes data from principal component analysis, and the "scfa" sheet provides data on the quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the drinks. Lastly, the "CFU_GCN_Pa" sheet contains microbial enumeration data obtained through both plate-dependent and plate-independent methods
LIFE AGROWETLANDS II. Il Progetto LIFE AGROWETLANDS II in sintesi. LIFE AGROWETLANDS II Project in brief. LAYMAN’S REPORT.
Get PDFThe LIFE AGROWETLANDS II - LIFE15 ENV/IT/000423 project, funded under the LIFE 2014/2020 Programme - Environment, aimed to improve the management of two resources essential for life and strategic for agriculture: water and soil. Water is commonly considered a renewable resource, but if this is true in a wide context, it is not so at a local scale regarding quality, or through centuries. The soil, on the other hand, is anyways considered a non-renewa-ble resource. Concerning the agricultural practices that affect the conservation of water and soil, and in particular irrigation, the project developed a tool to support irrigation management on saline soils. The project also identifies precision agriculture and its developments as a crucial tool for the sustainability of agriculture itself in the coming years
Domestic Pressure and International Climate Cooperation
Get PDFIn the wake of 25 UN Climate Change Conferences of the Parties (and counting), international cooperation on mitigating greenhouse gas emissions to avoid substantial and potentially irreversible climate change remains an important challenge. The limited impact that the Kyoto Protocol and its successor, the Paris Agreement, have had on curbing emissions demonstrate both the difficulties in negotiating ambitious environmental agreements and the reluctance of countries to comply with their agreed emission targets once they have joined the treaty. Therefore, a better understanding of the obstacles and opportunities that the interactions between domestic and international policy pose for the design of successful international climate cooperation is of utmost importance. To shed light on the roots of the stalemate (and suggest possible ways out), this article reviews, and draws lessons from, a growing theoretical, experimental and empirical literature that accounts for the hierarchical interplay between domestic political pressure and international climate policy