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OLEUM Project. Peer inter-laboratory validation study of a SPME-GC-FID method for the analysis of selected volatile compounds in virgin olive oils
No full textThe qualitative and quantitative analysis of the profile in volatile compounds present in the headspace of VOOs assumes a great importance to support the Panel test in the classification of virgin olive oils and, in the future, to establish limits for the different product quality grades. This data set contains the OLEUM validation results of a SPME-GC-FID method for the analysis of selected volatile compounds with the purpose to have quali and quantitative information on the most relevant volatile compounds of virgin olive oils
Exchange Rates and Political Uncertainty: The Brexit Case
Get PDFThis paper studies the impact of political risk on exchange rates. We focus on the Brexit Referendum as it provides a natural experiment where both exchange rate expectations and a time-varying political risk factor can be measured directly. We build a simple portfolio model which predicts that an increase in the Leave probability triggers a depreciation of the British Pound, both on account of exchange rate expectations and of political risk. We estimate the model for multilateral and bilateral British Pound exchange rates. The results confirm the model’s main implications. When we extend the analysis to a portfolio model of multiple currencies, we find that the cross-currencies restrictions implied by the theory are not rejected by our system estimation. Moreover, the joint estimates of the multi-currency model in the presence of time-varying political risk premium are in many cases consistent with the Uncovered Interest Parity
The ex "Parco Geominerario della Sardegna" (UNESCO Geopark) as a local sustainable development tool. A comparative analysis
Get PDFTaking into account the new trends in the theories of geography of art, culture led development and local sustainable development, I will try to analyse how the Parco Geominerario della Sardegna" (Unesco Geopark) has worked until now and the objectives of the future. Recalling Sacco, Ferilli Tavano Blessi (2015)’s island division into Cultural Evolved Clusters, it will be the starting point for analysing the management plan of the park. It will follow some interviews about the past and the future of the park and successively the summary of three European experiences, in particular in the countries of Sweden, Germany and Ireland, that will try to offer a gaze into other attempts towards this direction.
To conclude I will analyse the vision of the park as a sustainable development tool and some sparks to support this vision
Has the credit supply shock asymmetric effects on macroeconomic variables?
Get PDFWe investigate the role played by the credit supply shock across the business cycle in the U.S. over the period 1973 - 2018. We estimate a nonlinear VAR including nominal, real, monetary, and financial variables. According to our results, a credit supply shock triggers asymmetric and negative effects on macroeconomic variables. We find that the state-dependent forecast error variance decomposition of industrial production, employment, and inflation due to the shock is from six to eight times larger in recessions than in normal times
Strategie dell’ordine: categorie, fratture, soggetti
Get PDFQuesto volume è l’esito di un lungo lavoro di indagine sul concetto di ordine in età moderna. Vengono ricostruiti specifici momenti e espressioni della ricerca inesausta di un principio d’ordine che hanno caratterizzato l’età classica del libe-ralismo trionfante così come caratterizzano in modi diversi l’odierno programma neoliberale. Il pensiero dell’ordine emerge in modi diversi e contraddittori in filosofi come Hume e Hegel, così come viene contestato dalla critica femminista al patriarcato o viene riformulato da Gramsci. Esso rivela comunque tutta la sua forza materiale nell’organizzazione della produzione industriale, nella pianifica-zione della citta e della società, nella costruzione dell’ordine politico e sociale in Italia e negli Stati Uniti e riemerge potentemente, non da ultimo, nell’analisi della società postindustriale con la sua organizzazione logistica e cibernetica
Auctions vs. negotiations in vertically related markets
Get PDFIn a two-tier industry with bottleneck upstream and two downstream firms producing vertically differentiated goods, we identify conditions under which the upstream supplier chooses exclusive or non-exclusive negotiations, or an English auction to sell its essential input. Auctioning off a two-part tariff contract is optimal for the supplier when its bar- gaining power is low and the final goods are not too differentiated. Otherwise, the supplier enters into exclusive or non-exclusive negotiations with the downstream firm(s). Finally, in contrast to previous findings, an auction is never welfare superior to negotiations
CONSOLE Project - Deliverable 5.1 - "Guidelines for Community of Practice (CoP) management at local level"
Get PDFThe Community of Practice (CoP) is foreseen to play a key role in boosting innovation in the effective and long-lasting delivery of agri-environmental-climate public goods (AECPGs). The CONSOLE CoP will be organized around practitioners experienced in the provision of AECPGs and those interested in it and will be nourished throughout the project lifetime. In line with the definition of Wenger1 the CoP is defined as a group of people (the community) who share a common interest and who learn how to perform better through regular interaction and exchange of experiences. The idea is to set up a pan-European CoP with national and/or local (regional) sub-groups managed by the CONSOLE partners with the aim of developing improved and novel contract solutions in collaboration with its members.
This document sets out:
(a) the purpose and objectives of the CoP in CONSOLE,
(b) the setting up and management of the CoP at European, national and local level, (c) the process for motivating individuals to participate.
The CONSOLE CoP is intended to facilitate knowledge exchange and mutual learning, mainly through virtual contacts. Participation in the CoP is based on sharing and reciprocity principle. A core objective of these guidelines is to ensure a sound management and facilitation of the CoP by all CONSOLE partners in view of optimizing the input from CoP members in the project activities. Members within a national or local CONSOLE CoP are: 1) CONSOLE partners; 2) practitioners, mainly farmers and foresters, who test and implement practically the contractual models, and 3) experts, that may have punctual interventions in the CoP. A vibrant CoP with active involvement of its members is crucial for the assessment and testing of improved and novel voluntary measures for the delivery of AECPGs. For each of the CONSOLE countries one national contact person is nominated to take over the role as national focal point for the CoP activities in his country and to serve as facilitator of the CoP. These facilitators are responsible to ensure participation along the various project tasks foreseen within several WPs and to overcome potential language barriers. The national contact person may be supported by other CONSOLE partners from his country for local activities. At local level the CoP benefits from existing contacts of CONSOLE partners to practitioners, including the experts interviewed for the case studies analysis within WP2.
The forming/development of a CoP requires promoting exchanges taking on board the interests and needs of the actors involved and to animate them to share their expertise. Collaborative learning within the CoP supported by dedicated training activities will be crucial to ensure the intended major transition towards smarter AECPGs-related practices in Europe. These guidelines focus on the identification of the various tasks where CoP participation is foreseen at local (regional) level and to provide support for the identification of potential members. In the deliverable D5.2 “Guidelines for testing the solutions catalogue by CoP and partners” further details about the involvement of the CoP will be provided
CONSOLE Project - Deliverable 2.3 - "Report on European in-depth case studies"
Get PDFThis document represents deliverable D2.3 “Report on European in-depth case studies” within workpackage WP2 “Diagnostic of existing experiences on agri-environmental-climate public goods (AECPGs)” of the EU Horizon 2020 project CONSOLE.
The report on European in-depth studies gives a short introduction of the deliverable’s objectives and the tasks addressed. It describes the process of in-depth data collection and shortly introduces the criteria being the basis for performance assessment, as well as the types of contract solutions considered in the project.
The document then provides an in-depth insight into 26 CONSOLE in-depth studies: it describes the main contract features of 5 contract solutions qualifying as result-based/result-oriented contract solutions, 7 as collective implementation/collaboration contract solutions, 6 as contract solutions based on the value chain, and 3 contract solutions characterized by land tenure arrangements with environmental clauses. Moreover, 5 contract types representing combinations/hybrids of contract types are presented.
The report outlines how different agri-environmental-climate public goods (AECPGs) are addressed by the different contract types, revealing that differences exist in the numbers and the kind of AECPGs addressed. The analysis shows for example that biodiversity represents the AECPG most often addressed and indicates, that result-based and result-oriented contract solutions are mainly implemented to target single, specific AECPGs, while collective implementation focusses rather on the improvement of broader bundles of AECPGs on territorial levels.
The report analyses framework conditions and context situations under which contract solutions are implemented, particularly discussing 1.) environmental conditions, agricultural/forestry background and socioeconomic features, 2.) policy conditions, 3.) legal conditions, 4.) the role of institutions and formal structures and 5.) technology aspects.
The last part of the report is devoted to the analysis of contract specifications and performance of the contract solutions. Here, the results of the evaluation of the importance of performance criteria for the success of contract solutions are described, giving a deeper insight into the 10 performance criteria and how they are important for the success of the different contract types. A major part of the analysis is then devoted to the description of design principles for high performance. Here best practice examples out of the in-depth sample are provided.
The report concludes with an overview of the main findings, and gives and outlook on the further use of the results for scientific analyses and for practice
Economic Polarization and Antisocial Behavior: An Experiment (dataset)
No full textEconomic inequality may fuel frustration, possibly leading to anger and antisocial behavior. We experimentally study a situation where only the rich can reduce inequality while the poor can express their discontent by destroying the wealth of a rich counterpart with whom they had no previous interaction. We test whether the emergence of such form of antisocial behavior depends only on the level of inequality, or also on the conditions under which inequality occurs. We compare an environment in which the rich can unilaterally reduce inequality with one where generosity makes them vulnerable to exploitation by the poor. We observe that the poor engage in forms of antisocial behavior more often when reducing inequality would be safe for the rich. These results cannot be rationalized by inequality aversion alone, while they are in line with recent models that focus on anger as the result of the frustration of expectations. Indeed, we find that the rich are expected to be more generous in the safe scenario than in the risky one, but in fact this hope is systematically violated
Analisi della trasmissione di SARS-CoV-2: influenza delle condizioni termoigrometriche rispetto al rischio di diffusione del contagio
Get PDFIn questo articolo vengono analizzati i principali meccanismi di diffusione del virus SARS-CoV-2, fornendo elementi utili per la corretta gestione per il contrasto alla diffusione del virus stesso.
Lo studio prende le mosse dalla constatazione che, allo stato dell’arte, manca una terminologia rigorosa e univocamente accettata nella letteratura tecnico-scientifica con riferimento alle modalità con cui può avvenire la trasmissione del contagio di SARS-CoV-2 e, in particolare, alle modalità di trasporto cosiddette “droplet” e “airborne”.
La corretta analisi dei meccanismi che governano la diffusione del virus non può prescindere da una rigorosa definizione dei termini che entrano in gioco nella descrizione dei fenomeni, da cui discendono importanti indicazioni volte a determinare soluzioni tecniche finalizzate alla minimizzazione del rischio di contagio.
Partendo dalla definizione di una terminologia rigorosa ed univoca, attraverso l’applicazione un nuovo modello per lo studio della propagazione del contagio, lo studio, sulla base di valutazioni fisico-matematiche, dà ragione di come il contagio avvenga solo mediante goccioline, sole a poter veicolare efficacemente il virus.
Sulla base di queste valutazioni, lo studio analizza il trasporto del virus, incluso nelle goccioline, sulla base dei principi della termo-fluidodinamica, ovvero accoppiando alle equazioni del moto le equazioni che descrivono la variazione di massa per evaporazione. Infatti, la gittata di una goccia emessa da un soggetto infetto, ovvero la distanza di sicurezza da mantenere per minimizzare il rischio di contagio, dipende da numerosi parametri fra i quali, di notevole importanza, il grado igrometrico dell’ambiente in cui questa, la goccia, si trova: da esso, infatti, dipende la velocità di evaporazione e, quindi, la sussistenza della goccia.
Pertanto, lo studio dimostra che il controllo del trasporto del contagio non può essere affrontato in assenza di controllo del grado igrometrico dell’ambiente in cui la goccia si muove: infatti, la definizione stessa di distanza di sicurezza perderebbe di significato in quanto la gocciolina potrebbe “sopravvivere” nell’ambiente con elevata umidità, anche per tempi lunghi e realizzando percorsi casuali, qualora le goccioline fossero al di sotto di certe dimensioni.
A conclusione dello studio, è riportato un caso di studio che dimostra non solo la correlazione fra grado igrometrico e distanza di sicurezza ma anche che la trasmissione del contagio di tipo airborne, ovvero tramite virioni rilasciati a seguito di evaporazione della goccia, in virtù della loro bassissima concentrazione e del moto di tipo browniano che li caratterizza, abbia una probabilità del tutto trascurabile rispetto alla trasmissione dell’infezione da SARS-CoV-2