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Anishinaabeg Niizh Manitoag: Asha Amaa, We Were Always Here
No full textANISHINAABEG NIIZH MANITOAG:
ASHAA A’MAA, WE WERE ALWAYS HERE
Abstract
This research is an in-depth exposé of Anishinaabeg knowledge surrounding niizh manitoag, two-spirit ways of knowing. General collections of two-spirit writings and contributions in the past thirty years uncovered a noticeable gap in the research around Anishinaabeg\u27s two-spirit knowledge, stories, and teachings.
Using Indigenous research paradigms, this knowledge base posits a unique theoretical, conceptual framework identified as an Indigenous Relational Theory. The theory delineates a way of knowing and understanding Anishinaabe niizh manitoag, two-spirit identity. The Indigenous Relational Theory consists of four models, Relational Cultural Model, Relational Identity Model, Relational Decolonization Model, and the Relational A Priori Model. Each model is further broken down with Anishinaabeg, proximal nations and niizh manitoag concepts encapsulated under the cultural model. The Relational Identity Model includes normativity, colonization, and sacred protectionism. Within the third model, the Relational Decolonization Model, concepts of non-interference, personhood and self-determination are included. The Relational A Priori Model is comprised of value-laden Indigenous concepts including dreams and visions, blood memory and ancestral knowledge. Together, the concepts come together to provide one way of seeing two-spirit ways of being through an Anishinaabeg worldview.
This collection of knowledge brings forward in-depth insights and Indigenous ways of seeing the world through the perspectives of 6 Indigenous teachers, Elders, knowledge keepers and storytellers. Conversations took place with each of the storytellers over multiple meetings where new conceptual understandings were uncovered. The impassioned contributions highlighted collective cultural knowledge as mino bimaadisiwin, the good life, in recognition of the historical, traditional ways of being. In response to cultural adaptations and identity, the gift of the shapeshifter brought the malleability to move between visible and invisible states of being. Free will emerged as a central point of understanding decolonization; the combined strengths of stepping back into the circle of the Anishinaabeg teachings. The final finding encapsulated much the knowledge bundle as a whole as the concept of asha a’maa, it was always here, came forward
Towards a Social Justice Model of Inclusion for University-Community Engagement
Get PDFUniversity-community engagement often professes to center the shifting needs and issues that communities face but these are often pushed to the periphery in knowledge creation. The methods of engagement, research agenda, outcomes, as well as the measures of success are typically grounded in the academe and universities can almost always pinpoint immediate benefits for the co-creation of this knowledge. Universities are usually able to secure funding and gain prestige to undertake these engagements and projects are put forth as testaments of universities commitments to social change. Communities often struggle to do the same and many are often not equipped with the resources to translate the new knowledge into practice-based initiatives such as programming, funding applications for staffing, services and service delivery. While there are unquestionable merits in the longstanding histories of university-community engagements, more needs to be done for research to be mutually beneficial for both parties. This article outlines five key principles of social justice and inclusion as a preliminary stage of a conceptualized first step necessary to frame university-community engagement. It reiterates consultations with communities through research as a requirement to develop an actual model of university-community engagement to embody social justice and inclusion for true social change
Phosphorus Release and Recovery from Simulated Ferric Wastewater Sludge
Get PDFPhosphorus (P) is a fundamental element necessary for all life forms and a key component in the fertilizer industry. Meanwhile, the excessive load of P to water bodies due to human activities has the potential to promote eutrophication. Wastewater treatment plants remove P either biologically or chemically and produce P rich sludge which could be a potential renewable source for P. At present, commercial technologies exist for P recovery from biological wastewater sludge. However, P recovery from chemical sludge particularly iron(III)-phosphate (Fe-P) sludge generated in chemical P removal plants that use iron(III) salts remains a challenge.
This study explored, in lab bench scale, the influence of pH, competing anions (), and Fe redox chemistry using reducing agents like ascorbic acid (AA) on direct P and Fe(III) release and recovery from simulated Fe-P sludge. Initial tests were performed in the absence of organic matter interferences followed up by tests in more realistic matrices where the effect of organic matter (OM) (carbonaceous and nitrogenous constituents) on chemical phosphorus removal and recovery is investigated.
Fe-P sludge was prepared to mimic the inorganic fraction of real Fe-P sludge using ferric additions to synthetic wastewater. The impacts of acidic/basic wet treatment (pH effect) and competing anions () on P and soluble Fe release from Fe-P sludge were assessed. Factors influencing recovery, such as sludge age and Fe/P molar ratio were also investigated. Results revealed that alkaline treatment had minimal effectiveness in releasing iron (
The impact of reductive dissolution using AA under acidic conditions on P and Fe release from lab simulated Fe-P sludge was examined. To find the optimum conditions for Fe-P reductive solubilization and vivianite precipitation, factors like AA/Fe molar ratio, pH, and Fe-P sludge age were tested. Moreover, the reductive, chelating, and acidic effects of AA, were evaluated by comparing them with hydroxylamine (a reducing agent), oxalic acid (a chelating agent), and inorganic acids (to assess pH effects), including HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4. At pH values of 3 and 4, and with Fe/AA molar ratios of 1:2 and 1:4, complete solubilization of Fe-P sludge and reduction of Fe(III) were observed. The sludge age, up to 11 days, did not affect the reductive solubilization of Fe-P when AA was added. Hydroxylamine treatment resulted in negligible reductive dissolution of Fe-P sludge, while oxalic acid treatment at an Fe/oxalic acid molar ratio of 1:2 and pH 3 facilitated non-reductive dissolution, leading to solubilization of both phosphorus (95±2%) and Fe(III) (90±1%). Inorganic acids treatment at pH 3 resulted in very low P and Fe release (
The influence of OM on P removal performance was tested using different synthetic wastewater recipes containing model carbonaceous and nitrogenous constituents and combination of them. Carbonaceous constituents including meat extract (ME), potato starch, glycerol, and Luther Marsh concentrate (LM) represented proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and natural organic matter respectively. Peptone, urea, and ammonium chloride represented nitrogenous constituents. Results showed insignificant effect of nitrogenous constituents, potato starch and glycerol on P removal performance. However, ME and LM possessed a remarkable reduction in P removal performance of (3.0±0.4%) and (23±1%) respectively. No change in P removal performance observed for carbonaceous constituents in the presence of nitrogen source except for LM which exhibited a substantial increase by (23%). The higher measurements for soluble Fe (SFe) residuals for ME (87±5%) and LM (51±1%) indicated occurrence of interactions between Fe(III) cations and the negatively charged functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic groups available in ME and LM. This suggested Fe solubilization as the mechanism responsible for reducing P removal. Wet alkaline (pH 10) and ascorbic acid treatments showed no influence of OM on P release from Fe-P sludge
Because the Muddiness of Mud Must Be Uttered: A Personal Essay
Get PDFBecause the Muddiness of Mud Must Be Uttered, by disabled senior writer Dorothy Ellen Palmer, is a personal, braided, nonfiction essay tracing how her access to and understanding of moving on land has been shaped by ableism, ageism, and the pandemic
Gaston-Paul Effa, moine-pèlerin et flambeur au risque de la forêt camerounaise
No full textBook review of Gaston-Paul Effa\u27s 2019 novel, La vertical du Cri. The narrator finds salvation in wandering between nations and throughout the African rainforest
Tria Juncta in Uno: Early Draft Versions of Canadian Armed Forces Senior Officer Flags and Pennants
Get PDFDistinguishing flags and pennants for senior officers are a feature of many of the world’s militaries and the armed forces of Canada are no exception. With unification in 1968 came the need to harmonise the disparate patterns employed by the former Navy, Army and Air Force. The priority of the new designs was to assert unification and national identity. The approval process was lengthy, with setbacks, and not all of the proposed designs saw the light of day. Nevertheless, with only minor changes, the original draft versions have proven remarkably successful over the succeeding decades
Review of The River Battles: Canada’s Final Campaign in World War II Italy by Mark Zuehlke
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Review of Genesis of the Grand Fleet: The Admiralty, Germany, and the Home Fleet, 1896-1914 by Christopher M. Buckey
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Review of Strategy and Command: The Anglo-French Coalition on the Western Front, 1915 by Roy A. Prete
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Review of Prisoners of War and Local Women in Europe and the United States, 1914–1956. Consorting with the Enemy edited by Matthias Reiss and Brian K. Feltman
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