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Accessibility of national parks and other natural protected areas for people with disabilities: a scoping review of the academic literature
Get PDFNational parks and protected wilderness areas provide benefits through leisure activities to many. Yet, many people with disabilities are unable to experience these benefits because of barriers. Therefore, it is important to understand how to improve access to these spaces for people with disabilities. The objective of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators to accessibility in national parks and protected natural areas. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched eighteen academic databases and found 44 sources meeting our eligibility criteria. Our findings include tables that map the literature by publication year, types of disabilities, specific national parks, park activities, and areas of barriers and facilitators. From these sources, we also identified twelve themes, with thought-provoking ones for us including providing relevant information about the accessibility of parks to potential visitors, effective stakeholder relationships, and facilitating mediated experiences for people who cannot visit parks. A considerable gap in the literature is that many impairments or conditions are either recognized infrequently or not at all. Future research is encouraged to study how a broader range of people with disabilities experience national parks and protected areas
Comparing Ionoregulation and Modes of Nitrogen Excretion Across the Life Cycle of Parasitic and Non-parasitic Lamprey Species
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Ionoregulation and nitrogenous waste (N-waste) metabolism in fishes has been extensively documented in teleosts and elasmobranchs, but less so in lampreys (Petromizontiformes). All lamprey species undergo metamorphosis which drastically changes their physiology and modes of feeding. However, differences in ionoregulatory mechanisms due to anadromous versus non anadromous life history strategies emerge following metamorphosis in different lamprey species. Furthermore, some species, such as anadromous juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), are parasitic and migrate to seawater (SW) to ingest blood protein from host fishes, while juveniles of freshwater (FW), non-parasitic species, such as the American brook lamprey (Lethenteron appendix), cease feeding following metamorphosis. Hence, differences in anadromy and protein consumption between different lamprey species may require different mechanisms for ion, ammonia, and urea excretion. The objective of this thesis was to determine how variation in anadromy and dietary protein consumption between parasitic and non-parasitic lamprey species affects expression of ion, ammonia, and urea transporters in various excretory tissues. The distribution and abundance of key transport proteins such as Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), ammonia transporting Rhesus glycoprotein, and urea transport protein were investigated using immunohistochemical staining, Western Blot analysis, and enzyme activity assays. The present study demonstrated that SW ionoregulatory machinery was retained in landlocked sea lamprey and FW resident American brook lamprey. Furthermore, ammonia transporting Rhcg-like protein was expressed differently in sea lamprey and American brook lamprey following metamorphosis. Finally, ion, ammonia, and urea transport mechanisms were documented in the kidney of both lamprey species with little differences in localization of each protein observed in sea lamprey versus American brook lamprey. Thus, the present study has helped to shed light on current mechanisms of ionoregulation and N-waste excretion in lampreys with markedly different life history strategies
Exit Through the Giftshop: Claims-making and the Construction of a Countercultural Brand
Get PDFIndependent, online microcelebrity influencers are increasingly many people’s source of news. A popular group of these influencers, called the Alternative Influence Network (AIN) has come under scrutiny in recent years for collaborating with radical, far-right political actors to advance particular viewpoints (Lewis, 2018). While those within the AIN claim these outputs represent their freedom of speech, some researchers have voiced concern around the possibility of these influencers proliferating or even popularizing radical political ideals. Steven Crowder is among the most popular influencers in the AIN. He performs a daily show, ‘Louder with Crowder’, to his 5.8 million YouTube subscribers. In this study, I analyze the content of Crowder’s most popular episodes. I use Joel Best’s (2013) model of constructing social problems as a framework to investigate how Crowder constructs the problem of “the Left” on his show. Findings suggest that not only is “the Left’ constructed as a problem, but Crowder sometimes proposes violent actions as solutions to this problem. Furthermore, and of particular interest, his conclusions also endorse financial support of Crowder and his channel. This raises important questions about the actual motivations behind his construction of “the Left” and his online presence more broadly
Mainstream Media Portrayal of Banishment and Nation-Imposed Punishment
Get PDF“In a traditional village, we wouldn’t have a teepee with no door on it and throw somebody in there. We wouldn’t cast them out, because banishment meant death. What we had to do was restore relationships” – Ryan Beardy (Thorpe, 2022).
The following project examines the representation of Indigenous traditions, customs, and issues in Canadian mainstream media. Specifically, this project is interested in the portrayal of banishment as an Indigenous practice in Canadian mainstream news outlets. This project is based on an interpretive paradigm informed by grounded theory and concepts of media framing, postcolonialism, settler colonialism and restorative justice. Nineteen Canadian mainstream media articles discussing banishment were selected through the database Factiva which were then coded and analysed. The results of this analysis showed four key themes that will contribute to the current literature on Indigenous issues portrayal in settler-colonial mainstream media: (1) an ideological distinction between western settler and Indigenous conceptions of banishment; (2) erasure of Indigenous ways of knowing from media coverage of Indigenous practices; (3) the challenges of using banishment as punishment or crime prevention in a modern, industrialised landscape; and (4) how the Canadian state has leveraged media to promote the myth of Indigenous self- governance and what I call the Façade of Indigenous Agency (FIA). The FIA is, what I argue to be, a propaganda technique employed by the Canadian state to smooth over tensions between settler-Canadians and Indigenous peoples living in Canada as well as between the state itself and Indigenous peoples.
This work contributes to the decolonization of media and literature by shedding light on how colonizing narratives operate through mainstream media. As expanded on in this project, the current literary landscape and historic account of Canada’s past is deeply entrenched with colonization and imperial thought. As such, it is important to examine the ways in which these detrimental ideologies are exist and are reinforced through mainstream media. Therefore, the decolonization of the media and discussions of media’s strengthening of western values is imperative as failing to do so will further silence Indigenous voices and stories. If Canada’s goal of decolonization and reconciliation is true, the state should be quite concerned with the portrayal of Indigenous culture as well as the Façade of Indigenous Agency
Overcoming the unseen: Understanding diverse Canadian workers’ well-being during the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic
Get PDFCanadian workers were severely affected by the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The rapid spread of the pathogen across Canada resulted in several work-related consequences (e.g., temporary/indefinite layoffs and business closures, mandatory working-from-home) that could have impacted workers’ well-being during this turbulent period. Research available at the start of this dissertation process, and even more recently published studies, primarily explored general trends in workers’ negative well-being during COVID-19, not examining the distinct realities that diverse workers, including more marginalized ones, may have experienced. Across three manuscripts, several theories from diverse disciplines (positive, developmental, community, and industrial-organizational psychology, public health) were married with the objective of exploring diverse workers’ holistic well-being during pandemics and epidemics and the beginning of COVID-19. Informing Manuscripts 2 and 3, Manuscript 1 (via a scoping review including 187 studies) found that positive well-being was experienced frequently or at moderately high levels, and work-related well-being was experienced highly during pandemics and epidemics. Negative well-being was mild to moderate during SARS and COVID-19 but high during other pandemics and epidemics. In Manuscript 2 (using latent profile analysis; N = 510), we found the presence of five distinct well-being realities (moderately prospering, prospering, moderately suffering, suffering, mixed) that Canadian workers experienced during May of 2020 across negative and positive general life and work well-being indicators. Most workers were flourishing to some degree. In Manuscript 3 (using latent trajectory analysis; N = 648), we found that Canadian workers had varying levels of well-being at the onset of COVID-19. Whereas negative well-being improved over time or stayed stagnant, positive well-being worsened or stayed stagnant between March and May of 2020. Most workers were found to be in prospering trajectories. Several factors at distinct ecological levels (self, social, workplace, pandemic) were related to workers’ well-being (Manuscript 1) or predicted membership to well-being profiles (Manuscript 2) and trajectories (Manuscript 3). Several implications for researchers and nonacademic stakeholders (e.g., employers, mental health organizations, policymakers) are discussed
Grammatical Aspect, Temporal Adverbs, and Situation Models
Get PDFGrammatical aspect and temporal cues have been shown to impact discourse processing. To explore this further, we contrasted temporal adverbs that move narrative timelines forward or backward. Although previous research has examined timelines independently, it was yet to be explored how timeline adverbs impact discourse processing when grammatical aspect and temporal cues are also manipulated. The experiment involved a sentence-completion task which allowed us to measure availability of target discourse concepts in situation models. Results showed main effects for grammatical aspect, temporal shifts, and narrative timeline directions. Three two-way interactions were found. The results demonstrated support for the iconicity assumption and determined that grammatical aspect, time shifts, and narrative timeline direction in texts impact discourse processing
Review of The Spanish Blue Division on the Eastern Front, 1941-1945: War, Occupation, Memory by Xosé M. Núnez Seixas
Get PDFReview of The Spanish Blue Division on the Eastern Front, 1941-1945: War, Occupation, Memory by Xosé M. Núnez Seixa
Review of I Can Only Paint: The Story of Battlefield Artist Mary Riter Hamilton by Irene Gammel
Get PDFReview of I Can Only Paint: The Story of Battlefield Artist Mary Riter Hamilton by Irene Gamme