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Outcomes of Service Delivery Models in School-Based Therapies
Get PDFKristin Brubaker, a licensed occupational therapist in the University Place School District, proposed the following question to a student research team: “What are the student, therapist, and teacher outcomes of different school-based service delivery models?” Following a review of 22 articles with qualitative and quantitative methods, studies were grouped into three categories of school-based service delivery models: collaborative-consultative, mixed, and direct. Research demonstrated that collaborative-consultative service delivery models provide positive outcomes such as stronger relationships between therapists and teachers, opportunities for therapists to implement and adapt intervention techniques within the classroom, increased effectiveness in teaching strategies, and improved academic skills and participation for students. Research on mixed models found positive outcomes for teachers, including awareness of student impairments as well as visual motor skill development for students. Research on the direct service delivery model, though limited, found benefits in developing handwriting skills of students, as well as other fine, gross, and visual motor skills. The student researchers concluded that a collaborative-consultative service delivery model elicits the most positive outcomes for teachers, therapists, and students. The student researchers also acknowledge positive outcomes for students using a direct model, and both students and teachers using a mixed design. Recommendations for future research includes gathering more evidence to determine the most effective service delivery model and identifying how to best foster collaboration between therapists and teachers to optimize positive outcomes for students
Social Emotional Learning Strategies for Students in Self-Contained Classrooms: A Systematic Review and Quick Reference Guide for Evidence-Informed Curricula Selection
Get PDFThis research project was conducted in collaboration with Heather Austin, OTR/L and the Puyallup School District. Through discussion with Heather, we determined that there is a need to study the efficacy of social-emotional learning (SEL) curricula for children with severe disabilities who often do not receive the same comprehensive SEL instruction as their peers in general education classrooms. A mixed-methods systematic review of the literature was conducted on strategies and interventions for SEL for students ages 3-12 years old in classrooms that serve students with severe disabilities. We analyzed 19 articles published in peer-reviewed journals by reviewing each for statistically significant results pertaining to SEL outcomes for the population of interest. Results indicated the majority of curricula included in this research had mixed to positive outcomes. Interventions with statistically significant findings included play-based treatments, art therapy, mindfulness, and theory of mind training, as well as branded curricula and strategies such as ICME, PATHS, Integra Social Competence Program, and Second Step.
Critically Appraised Topic findings were translated into the development of a quick reference guide which was organized by SEL outcome and structured according to the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning core competencies. Each outcome contained suggestions on dosage, intervention approaches, and resources for application. An in-service and survey were completed to evaluate usability of this product by practitioners and educators working in school-based settings. Fifty percent of respondents worked with students in self-contained classrooms. Overall the survey data revealed a positive trend of ratings and qualitative feedback from respondents and a good match of SEL outcomes addressed in the quick reference guide to needs identified by practitioners. A primary implication of our research is that the field of occupational therapy needs to capitalize on its potential to provide support to students with disabilities around their social participation and emotional regulation. Occupational therapy can support teachers in implementing SEL curricula and interventions to promote positive outcomes and reduce maladaptive behaviors
Washington’s Affordable Housing Property-Tax Levies: Lessons from the Campaigns
Get PDFWhile rapid growth and development brings great opportunity to Tacoma, it also brings great challenges. Among these challenges is housing affordability. In response to this challenge, Tacoma developed an Affordable Housing Action Strategy that was released in September 2018. One recommendation from the strategy was an affordable housing property-tax levy. Tacoma had attempted a local housing levy in 2001 and 2005 but failed in both cases. Despite these failed attempts, communities throughout Washington, including Seattle, Bellingham, and Vancouver succeed in passing a housing levy. This research investigates these three successful campaigns throughout the state in order to uncover what made them successful as well as an investigation into Jefferson County\u27s failed attempt. The findings suggest that successful campaigns have a history of success, recognized need, good timing, a strong campaign team, practical messaging, adequate campaign resources, a strong coalition, and weak or nonexistent organized opposition
Is it Hot in Here or Is It the Climate? Predicting Individual and Systemic Pro-Environmental Engagement
Get PDFReducing greenhouse gas contributions is increasingly critical in order to lessen global consequences of climate change. Despite this, U.S residents’ shift towards practicing pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) has been slow. This study investigated factors that predict everyday PEBs, including people’s beliefs about impact, difficulty of performing, and meaningfulness of PEBs, as well as perceived social norms, and the actor’s own sense of environmental identity. We predicted that people would participate in more PEBs if they believe that the behaviors are easy, meaningful, impactful, and reflect norms in their social environment. We also explored differences in the factors associated with individual and systemic PEBs. 209 participants responded to eight prompts that asked about 20 PEBs (e.g. recycling, signing environmental petitions), answered demographic questions, and completed a measure of environmental identity. We found that all dimensions were positively and statistically significantly correlated with practicing PEBs. We also found that meaningfulness was the strongest predictor and that generally students reported practicing individual PEBs more than systemic PEBs. Our research contributes to better understanding of how and why UPS students are practicing environmentalism, and potential ways to strengthen that engagement
Tattoos in East Asia: Conforming to Individualism
Get PDFAlthough Japan, South Korea, and China share a similar history of tattoo criminality, in modern times they all hold different legal policies concerning the practice. South Korea has the strictest laws, requiring a medical doctorate to legally tattoo, while China has few restrictions on body art. This paper explores this interesting difference via observational fieldwork in Tokyo, Seoul, Shanghai and Beijing as well as interviews with local people. This paper hopes to explain the connection between a new tattoo culture supported by younger generations and the level of democracy and development of each country. Although a strong social stigma towards the art remains salient due to the historical criminal connection, a new, younger generation with greater access to the internet and the outside world has been able to adopt a tattoo culture unrelated to previous trends. Tattoos in East Asia are becoming less about rebellious self-expression, which could be threatening to authoritarian governmental systems, but are instead symbols of a modern society rising alongside a younger middle class, one unburdened by previous decades of poverty. The rising prevalence of a tattooed population may be less an indicator of a strong counter-culture but instead, a signal of a globalized developed society
Investigating Antimicrobial Properties of Sceloporus virgatus Eggs Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Petrology of the Eocene Goble Volcanics, Southwest Washington: an Early Phase of the Cascade Arc
Get PDFThe Eocene Goble Volcanics (GV), comprised of \u3e1000 km2 of subaerial lavas and tuffs, are one of the most voluminous igneous formations in SW WA. Whole rock K-Ar ages of 45 to 32 Ma (Beck and Burr, 1979) suggest these rocks are an early expression of the Cascade arc, but their location is anomalous, lying between oceanic Crescent Fm basalts of the Siltezia terrane to the west and younger arc rocks to the east. The goals of this research are to determine the chemical and Sr-Nd isotopic traits of the GV and better establish the tectonic setting in which these rocks formed.
Samples collected along a NW-SE transect across the GV fall into two groups. Group 1 consists of high-alumina tholeiitic basalts (48 wt.% SiO2, 17.6 - 18.2 wt.% Al2O3, Mg# 58 - 55) equivalent to the Kalama Basalt (Evarts, 1991). These lavas lack arc traits (Ba/Nb \u3c 10) but are distinct from the Crescent basalts (e.g., lower TiO2, higher Al2O3) and similar to high alumina olivine tholeiites (HAOT) elsewhere in the Cascades (Leeman et al, 1991; Bailey and Conrey, 1992). Group 2 lavas, which appear to be younger, range from basaltic andesite to dacite (52 - 66 wt.% SiO2, Mg# 56 - 17), and have modest subduction signatures (Ba/Nb = 13 - 21) and greater LREE enrichment (La/Yb = 4.5 – 7.0 vs. 2.4 - 2.5).
The similarity of Group 1 lavas to HAOT suggests they formed in an extensional setting by melting of depleted mantle at shallow depth. The lack of arc traits in Group 1 suggests melting was driven by decompression rather than influx of a slab fluid, and extension may have been an upper plate response to re-establishment of subduction. Conversely, Group 2 magmas are products of melting of less depleted mantle that had been modified by slab-derived components. One GV sample with traits of both groups suggests a gradational transition between the two. Although more mapping and analysis are needed, available data indicate the GV spans \u3e10 Ma and may record a transition in Cascade arc magmatism from an early phase driven mainly by decompression to a later phase influenced more by slab contributions
Crosscurrents: Spring 2019
Get PDFhttps://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/crosscurrentsgallery/1018/thumbnail.jp