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Petrology of the Earliest Cascade Volcanic Units in Washington: the Northcraft, Tukwila, and Rattlesnake Mountain Formations and Implications for the Evolution of the Cascade Arc
Get PDFCascade arc magmatism began ~45 million years ago, following the reconfiguration of the Farallon-North American subduction zone. This project seeks to classify the path of magmatism throughout the history of the Cascade arc, as well as categorize the earliest expressions of the Cascade arc. Three volcanic units, the Northcraft Formation (NF), Tukwila Formation (TF), and Rattlesnake Mountain Formation (RM) will serve as examples of the earliest Cascades-related lavas. Their categorization by field setting, geochemical characteristics, isotopic data, and age will create a better understanding of how Cascades magmatism began and developed over time.
Analysis has shown these units to contain 51.6-70.5% SiO2 (NF), 56.5-63.0% SiO2 (TF), and 53.2-65.1% SiO2 (RM). All three units are majority calc-alkaline, evolved in their compositions, and demonstrate arc-like tendencies. Categorically, these units contain lower levels of K2O than the modern arc and few early Cascades samples contain greater than 6% MgO, which is notable as the modern arc sees many samples up to 9% MgO. In trace data, early Cascades samples show much lower Ba/Nb ratios, which is attributed to their lower Ba and higher Nb values. Furthermore, analysis of another HFSE, La, yields similar results when related to Yb values.
These analyses support the hypothesis that over time, slab interaction in the arc has increased, positing greater amounts of fluids and incompatible elements over time. This input of fluids allowed for flux melting, which in turn fed the Cascades, resulting in lavas with more mineralogical maturity and compositional diversity
Errors: Friend or Foe? The Use of Errorless or Trial and Error Learning Strategies in Occupational Therapy Practice When Re-Learning Daily Activities
Get PDFWe examined literature, within a 20-year period, regarding whether errorless learning strategies or trial and error strategies are more effective for adult patients, with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or cognitive deficit, when learning instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL). We conducted this in collaboration with Hannah Baldwin, a local practitioner working in an acute care setting, at Swedish Medical Center, in Seattle. The results did not reveal overwhelming evidence to support either strategy, however, we were able to make recommendations within specific situations and for specific diagnoses. Generally, there are a greater number of studies with a more rigorous design that support the use of errorless learning strategies for patients with acquired brain injuries (ABI) than patients with other diagnoses or when using trial and error methods. The evidence that solely supports trial and error strategies is restricted to two level I studies that support its use for those with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to reduce cooking errors and increase functional independence measure (FIM) scores. Multiple studies also supported the idea that both methods can improve function or performance in ADL and IADL.
To translate this knowledge, we created a 16-minute webinar to identify when practitioners can implement trial and error and errorless learning strategies with their patients in the acute care setting using the current evidence. The webinar was sent to therapists at a Seattle hospital via email along with a pre-training and post-training survey. The pre-training survey was completed by two therapists, with no engagement on the post-training survey. The researchers would have liked to see the webinar have more reach and impact but struggled to incentivize therapists to engage with the material given their limited direct communication with the therapist population. To further the knowledge in this area of occupational therapy, practitioners should be able to distinguish application timings for trial and error, as well as errorless learning strategies, and are encouraged to conduct case series or case study research to contribute to the body of available evidence
Effect of Occupation-Based Curriculum on Self-Determination for Young Adults with Disabilities
Get PDFDr. Barbara Abbott, an occupational therapist who managed The Outreach Program (TOP) for the Kent, WA, school district, requested University of Puget Sound occupational therapy graduate students to research the following question: “What is the effectiveness of occupation-based interventions in comparison to traditional instruction for increasing self-determination in young adults with various disabilities?” A literature review was conducted using seven databases to find the available evidence regarding use of occupation-based curricula to impact self-determination of post-secondary adults with disabilities. Due to the emerging nature of the topic, limited evidence was found. However, the findings revealed that both occupation-based and direct instruction curricula increased self-determination in young adults with disabilities. It is recommended that occupational therapy practitioners consider implementing an occupation-based curriculum to increase self-determination skills when working with young adults with disabilities.
The evidence obtained from the literature review was translated into a webinar for viewing by OT practitioners and administrators in the Kent School District. The webinar content highlighted the aim, cost, and effectiveness of each self-determination program. The impact of this webinar was monitored through a survey which viewers were instructed to complete upon finishing the webinar. Future research should focus on direct comparison between occupation-based and direct instruction curricula that target self-determination to enhance evidence-informed practice for occupational therapy practitioners
A Response to Cassie Finley’s ‘Aristotle’s Functionalism’
Get PDFA Response to Cassie Finley’s ‘Aristotle’s Functionalism’
2:30-3:20: “Aristotle’s Functonalism: Psyche’s Relevance to Contemporary Philosophy of Mind ” By Cassie Finley (Pacifc University)
Comments by Holden Chen
Chair: Sienna Murph
Aristotle’s Functonalism: Psyche’s Relevance to Contemporary Philosophy of Mind
Get PDFWhile functionalism often attributes its roots to Aristotle’s On the Soul, contemporary philosophers of mind have left behind crucial features of Aristotle’s philosophy by losing his distinction between mind and soul. I propose a revision to our present concept of mind, instead situating it as an aspect of the Aristotelian concept of soul, which allows for a more robust account of functionalism that encompasses the entirety of the human being as a system of demonstrative, functional capacities. I argue that Aristotle’s applied theory of the nature of souls offers greater fecundity to discourse in philosophy of mind, specifically in discussions of the possibility of strong artificial intelligence, the contemporary movement across disciplines towards the externalized concept of mind, and in ameliorating some of the insurmountable critiques of alternate theories of mind. Furthermore, a thoroughly Aristotelian form of functionalism provides a possible solution the problem of holism, one of the major predicaments contemporary functionalism faces. The Aristotelian view of the mind qua soul is to be contrasted with Cartesian dualism as well as reductive materialism, as those are two historically-dominating theories of mind that have defined the way in which philosophers consider the mind
UBI as Regular Payment: Egalitarian Safeguard or Dose of Paternalism?
Get PDFUniversal Basic Income is a welfare scheme that deliberately stays agnostic about how it is spent and the type of people it benefits. In this paper, I argue that contrary to its façade of agnosticism, UBI is not as carefree as its proponents say it is or wish it to be. I point out a definitional feature of UBI that is at odds with its commitment to anti-paternalism--its insistence on continuous payment. Drawing on the contest between Basic Income and Basic Capital, the latter of which endorses lump-sum payments as opposed to Basic Income’s periodic ones, I suggest that UBI proponents cannot stand by its requirement of periodicity without jeopardizing the anti-paternalistic grounds that underpin the policy.
Universal Basic Income is a welfare scheme that deliberately stays agnostic about how it is spent and the type of people it benefits. In this paper, I argue that contrary to its façade of agnosticism, UBI is not as carefree as its proponents say it is or wish it to be. I point out a definitional feature of UBI that is at odds with its commitment to anti-paternalism--its insistence on continuous payment. Drawing on the contest between Basic Income and Basic Capital, the latter of which endorses lump-sum payments as opposed to Basic Income’s periodic ones, I suggest that UBI proponents cannot stand by its requirement of periodicity without jeopardizing the anti-paternalistic grounds that underpin the policy
Comments on Sun Woo Lee’s “UBI as Regular Payment: Egalitarian Safeguard or Dose of Paternalism?
Get PDF“UBI as Regular Payment: Egalitarian Safeguard or Dose of Paternalism?”
By Sun Woo Lee (Stanford University)
Comments by Brian Kim
Chair: Guillermo Rui
THRIVING AGAINST ALL ODDS: HOW THE WRITING OF CATHERINE OF SIENA SHAPED CHRISTIANITY IN EUROPE IN THE 14TH CENTURY
Get PDFThis paper examines how Catherine of Siena\u27s partnership with Raymond of Capua and her letters allowed her to access spaces that she wouldn\u27t have otherwise been able to access due to her gender. By looking closely at her letters and secondary scholars works, I was able to determine that her determination to focus peoples\u27 attention on God\u27s Will, she was able to enter into big political and religious discussions to which other women were not privy
The Setauket Gang: The American Revolutionary Spy Ring you\u27ve never heard about
Get PDFWhy would some people choose to overlook their apparent differences, ethnicity, religion, gender, and race, and risked being hung to participate in something (spying) where the outcome was not certain? Could they have sensed a moment in history was larger than they were and felt premonition of the new country before it was born?
Due to the complex and vibrant environment, a single answer is not possible. The Anglo-American conflict was not as French nor Russian Revolution; instead, it was a gradual transformation of individual social and political views, as Bernard Bailyn argues. The British aggressive imperial policies had a significant impact on the colonial routine. The quasi-independent political environment and accustomed economic dealings were suddenly coming under stricter control of the Westminster. These actions were the antithesis to the constitutional rights of the British subjects and personal want, and people started wondering whether they held the same status as the residents of the British Isles. In good faith, the colonial legislatures, acting for the whole dominion, sent numerous grievances to the Crown, but the ignorance, stubbornness, and want for mastery prevented London from grasping and accepting colonial reasoning. In this environment, the radical ideas, championed by a small group of people, were slowly gaining momentum and becoming a refuge from, and shortly an alternative to, British imperialistic policies. This process would not stop when the new American life was conceptualized in 1776; instead, the British atrocities on the battlefield and conditions in the occupied territory would keep it alive. The Revolution and War for Independence were ideological, but, at the same time, interwoven with personal motivations and experience. Almost all colonials were driven to consider joining the cause by the dominant psychological adjustments, but their own internal motivations pushed them to cut their ties with the Crown permanently.
Therefore, if we must distill a single factor for spying during the Revolution, the traditional motives—money, ideology, coercion, and ego (“MICE”)—would be the most accurate. With the ideological motivation more dominant on the side of George Washington and fellow Patriots, and monetary on the British. However, these factors should not be seen as singular motivators. They were entwined with spies’ personal experiences, desires, and grievances