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Hungry in Three Languages : (Un)Conscious Youth Efforts at Crossing Ethnonational Divisions in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFAfter the Dayton Accords ended the war in Bosnia in 1995, painful ethnic divisions remained-and remain-across the country. Separation of the populace along ethnic lines was deemed by Dayton\u27s architects to be the most effective way to keep the peace, and the traumatic memory of violence and ethnic cleansing legitimized such separation to many citizens at the time. Twenty five years later however, the divisions in Bosnian society that contributed to the outbreak of war in 1992 have only been further legitimized by the Dayton constitution, resulting in social stagnation and an inability to reconcile with the past. Bosnia remains a quasi-protectorate of the UN. Economic malaise, in large part a product of corruption and an unsuccessful attempt at rebuilding a war torn economy (under the clumsy management of the international community) has created widespread unemployment and discontent, which culminated in the violent protests in 2014. In this paper, I explore the way in which young Bosnians-Croats and Muslims alike- appear to be crossing the ethnonational divides drawn by traumatic memory and damaging political rhetoric, as well as confronting the deep rooted economic and political stagnation that has plagued the country since 1992
African American Spirituals in Academic Settings: Unearthing Who Benefits from These Performances, how they Came About, and Why this Matter Today
No full textThis body of work is discussing who benefits from the performance of African American Spirituals in modern academic settings that are predominantly white. In order to discuss this topic, we first need know the history of African American Spirituals through their creation. Understanding this will help set the stage for the cultural importance of Spirituals in African American communities, which allows for the conversation surrounding the subsequent popularization and reaction from the audience in response to these Spirituals being performed. Part of this second section highlights the fact that the popularization of Spirituals was because of academic spaces, which in turn also shows us that the audience has been majority white through these specific performances. After placing the historical importance for the composition of the Spirituals we will shift towards looking at the modern implications of performing these pieces. Within this specific section there are four important things to hone in on: 1) How the Spirituals are being prepared in the academic space, 2) How performers and audience members are reacting to the Spirituals, 3) What it means to perform African American Spirituals in a predominantly white space and institution, and 4) Who benefits from the performance in both a monetary and social manner. Part of this modern context will be provided by my own white female experiences throughout my 14 years of choral life, as well as from data supplied by a survey asking academic choral performers to reflect on their past engagement with Spirituals, and other published narratives reflecting on the preparation and performance of these pieces. Each of these components supply an important element related to the modern performance of African American Spirituals in academic spaces as a way to better understand who benefits from the performance nowadays and why it matters
Processor Problems: An Economic Analysis of the Ongoing Chip Shortage and International Policy Response
Get PDFThe ongoing microchip shortage was caused by several factors from an economic perspective, both supply-side and demand-side. These included COVID-induced factory shutdowns, differing inventory management strategies, recurring government stimulus checks, and volatile supply chains. I used the Aggregate Supply/Aggregate Demand model from macroeconomic theory in order to characterize the microchip industry and its many runoffs (transportation, personal electronics, etc.) as an aggregate in order to study their impacts on big-picture variables such as real GDP and inflation. Federal Reserve Economic Data shows some correlation between the Producer Price Index (PPI) for semiconductors and the Consumer Price Index for Urban Goods (a way of measuring relative, non-rural inflation over time). In addition, current monetary policy strategies for inflation that omit changes in the money supply and instead focus on interest rates. Therefore, inflation management strategies that increase interest rates would best be paired with domestic incentives such as subsidies to firms producing on U.S. soil
A Systematic Review of Chronic Pain Mechanism Differential Assessment Strategies for Physical Therapy
Get PDFBackground
Recently, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) redefined pain, the American Physical Therapy Association proposed pain education guidelines, and a new pain mechanism category (PMC) was defined as “nociplastic pain”. IASP defines three PMCs - nociceptive, neuroplastic, and nociplastic.
Purpose
Identify current clinical assessment strategies for differentiating between nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic chronic pain, feasible for implementation by physical therapists (PTs).
Methods
In 2020, investigators independently searched databases for studies evaluating assessment methods differentiating “nociceptive,” “neuropathic,” “central,” “mixed pain” and “central sensitization,” with follow-up on “nociplastic pain”. A qualitative systematic review was performed utilizing defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, priori criteria for independent evaluation of search result abstracts, blind voting that resulted in inclusion of 91 articles, and a piloted form for data extraction.
Results
PMC assessments were categorized into 4 strategies, recommending combined strategies for meaningful diagnosis. 30% of articles analyzed PMCs per specific pathology, while debating pathology-based pain phenotyping and assessment. PMC nociplastic studies’ agreements included: PMC diagnostic features may be shared, they are not always independent, and may evolve into a blended continuum as chronic pain develops. Studies presented PMC conceptualization, highlighting terminology inconsistencies and understanding amongst researchers, clinicians, and educators.
Conclusion
High quality research is emerging to inform the physical therapy clinician on differential assessment strategies for pain mechanisms in chronic pain patients. The ability for PTs to assess and treat chronic pain is challenged by the current lack of continuity within PMC education, terminology, and difficulty of in vivo research on the subject
PROTO-NATIONALISM IN SCANDINAVIA: SWEDISH STATE BUILDING IN THE MIDDLE AGES
Get PDFNationalism is usually considered a modern socio-political development and a product of the French and Industrial Revolutions. However most scholarship done on nationalism largely overlooks religion, and excludes both its presence in the Middle Ages and its development in Scandinavia--focusing heavily on German, British, French, and Central European variations of nationalism. For Scandinavians in the late Middle Ages and Early Modern era, nationalism did not emerge exactly like their European counterparts. It was the product of early religious, technological, and economic changes over the course of the 15th and 16th Centuries that restructured European politics, society, and identity. Using early Swedish state building as a historical case study, the debate surrounding the origins nationalism extend the socio-political phenomenon into the Middle Ages and can offer new connections between nationalism today and the Middle Ages in general
Racing the Machine: Automation-induced Inequality Through the Lens of the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Get PDFThis paper analyzes the scope and velocity of automation-induced inequality as a result of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. We find that, when left unchecked by intentional government policy, the direct impacts of inequality will affect virtually all demographic groups and occupational skill levels, as well as, be hastened by future recessions and noticeable skill biases. We find that unconditional cash transfers in the form of a universal basic income have the potential to address the aforementioned scope and velocity due to their cash transfer modality and universal qualities. As we are living through the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the long-term and long run effects of automation-induced inequality are yet to have manifested; however, learning from previous government involvements in curbing the inequalities associated with technological disruptions is imperative
Varied Behavior of Dinucleotides on Ice
Get PDFRNA world theory posits RNA as the precursor to both DNA and proteins, and consequently all life on earth, but it is debated how exactly this occurred. Many hypotheses posit that RNA formed first in aqueous water, but RNA degrades very quickly in aqueous solutions at room temperature. In this study, we focus on the chemistry of RNA on ice. Not only does ice protect the RNA from hydrolysis, it may also serve as a catalyst for various reactions between separate RNA strands. Past studies have confirmed that the orientation of the RNA strand on the ice lattice is important in this regard. Thus we will be investigating the orientation of the phosphodiester group for the CC, CG, and GG dinucleotides to elucidate their behaviors while in an ice slab environment
Tacoma’s Luxury Effect and the Ecological Influence of the Green Schoolyards Initiative
Get PDFUrban environments like green spaces that sustain biodiversity are critical to the success of species that inhabit cityscapes. This project will examine changes in bird diversity that Tacoma’s new “Green Schoolyards” initiative will promote, which intends to introduce a variety of native plants into low-income neighborhoods lacking diverse green spaces. I predict that habitat changes resulting from the Green Schoolyards program will increase ecological diversity in low-income neighborhoods. I intend to frame the results of this research in the context of the luxury effect, which I hypothesize is a major factor in the ecological distribution of wildlife in Tacoma, WA