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The Territory Between Speech and Song: A Joint Speech Perspective
No full textSpeech and song have frequently been treated as contrasting categories. We here observe a variety of collective activities in which multiple participants utter the same thing at the same time, a behavior we call joint speech. This simple empirical definition serves to single out practices of ritual, protest, and the enactment of identity that span the range from speech to song and allows consideration of the manner in which such activities serve to ground collectives. We consider how the musical elements in joint speech such as rhythm, melody, and instrumentation are related to the context of occurrence and the purposes of the participants. While music and language have been greatly altered by developments in media technologies—from writing to recordings—joint speech has been, and continues to be, an integral part of practices, both formal and informal, from which communities derive their identity. The absence of joint speech from the scientific treatment of language has made language appear as an abstract intellectual and highly individualized activity. Joint speech may act as a corrective to draw our attention back to the voice in context, and the manner in which collective identities are enacted
Self-talk, dialogic knowing, the Greek chorus and active learning in University
No full textThis article recounts a teaching method employed in a mental health module delivered in Ireland to international nursing students. In it the authors propose that there is a place for innovative teaching methods which combine active learning, dialogue, hard-fun and metacognition to stimulate student engagement and rich learning. We discuss an innovation ‘Movie-shoot’ which incorporated role-play with an analytical commentary by a Greek Chorus of nursing students. We argue this flexible teaching method enhanced active and rich learning, critical reflection and engagement and may be appropriate for use in nursing education
Evaluation of non-ideal piston stopping effects on the “adiabatic core” and ignition delay time simulation in rapid compression machines
No full textPiston creep and rebound are two non-ideal piston stopping behaviors in the rapid compression machine. Compared to nominal piston stopping, piston rebound/creep will result in a smaller/bigger \u27adiabatic\u27 core zone volume in the reaction chamber and length/shorten the ignition delay time measurements. However, the \u27adiabatic core\u27 hypothesis can still be validated under these compressions and ensures the applicability of zero-dimensional method in the model simulation. (C) 2020 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51722603, and 91541107), CT is a TANG scholar and he appreciates the support from the Foundation of the National Defense Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosives. The work at NUI Galway was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) via grant awards 15/IA/3177 and 16/SP/3829. Yingtao Wu would like to thank the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806280105).2022-05-3
Dynamics of cascades on burstiness-controlled temporal networks
No full textBurstiness, the tendency of interaction events to be heterogeneously distributed in time, is
critical to information diffusion in physical and social systems. However, an analytical framework capturing the effect of burstiness on generic dynamics is lacking. Here we develop a master equation formalism to study cascades on temporal networks with burstiness modelled by renewal processes. Supported by numerical and data-driven simulations, we describe the interplay between heterogeneous temporal interactions and models of threshold-driven and epidemic spreading. We find that increasing interevent time variance can both accelerate and decelerate spreading for threshold models, but can only decelerate epidemic spreading. When accounting for the skewness of different interevent time distributions, spreading times collapse onto a universal curve. Our framework uncovers a deep yet subtle connection between generic diffusion mechanisms and underlying temporal network structures that impacts a broad class of networked phenomena, from spin interactions to epidemic contagion and language dynamics
Outgroup prosocial giving during childhood: The role of ingroup preference and outgroup attitudes in a divided society
No full textAmid protracted conflict, children are raised in divided contexts which shape the development of their intergroup attitudes and behaviors. Social Identity Development Theory (SIDT) suggests that ingroup preference may contribute to more negative outgroup attitudes and behaviors in middle childhood. In such contexts, ingroup favoritism may shape resource distribution, a key indicator of prosocial behavior. This study examined the predictors of resource distribution among 387 children (age: M=9.59, SD=2.34) of majority (Jewish) and minority (Arab-Muslim) groups in Israel. Rooted in SIDT, a multiple-group chain mediation found that the effect of age on outgroup prosocial giving was serially mediated by the child’s ingroup symbol preference and negative outgroup attitudes. The mediation held across both majority and minority groups, highlighting the underlying developmental process of prosocial giving across group lines in a divided society.British Psychological SocietyZefat Academic College internal institutional grantCheck for published version during checkdate report - A
Essentialist beliefs affect children’s outgroup empathy, attitudes and prosocial behaviours in a setting of intergroup conflict
No full textEmpathy for salient outgroups can promote positive intergroup attitudes and prosocial behaviours. Less is known about which factors may promote empathy, particularly among children, in contexts of intergroup conflict. Empathy may depend on underlying cognitions, such as social essentialist beliefs, that is, believing that certain social categories have an underlying essence that causes members to share observable and non-observable properties. This study explored the influence of essentialist beliefs about ethno-religious categories on outgroup-directed empathy, attitudes, and prosocial behaviours of children living in Northern Ireland (N=88; M=7.09, SD=1.47 years old). Bootstrapped chain mediation found that lower essentialist beliefs predicted greater outgroup-directed empathy, which was positively related to outgroup attitudes, which in turn, predicted more outgroup prosocial behaviours. The findings highlight the importance of essentialist beliefs as an underlying factor promoting empathy, with links to prosocial behaviours in settings of intergroup conflict. The intervention implications are discussed.Queen’s University Belfast School of PsychologyUpdate issue date during checkdate report -A
Macromolecular crowding transforms regenerative medicine by enabling the accelerated development of functional and truly three-dimensional tissue moduli
No full textScaffold-free in vitro organogenesis exploits the innate ability of cells to synthesise and deposit their own extracellular matrix to fabricate tissue-like assemblies. Unfortunately, traditional cell-assembled tissue engineered concepts require prolonged ex vivo culture periods of very high cell numbers for the development of a borderline three-dimensional implantable device, which are associated with phenotypic drift and high manufacturing costs, thus, hindering their clinical translation and commercialisation. Macromolecular crowding, a biophysical phenomenon based on the principle of excluded-volume effect, dramatically accelerates and increases extracellular matrix deposition during in vitro culture. However, the optimal macromolecular crowder is still elusive and the therapeutic potential of macromolecular crowding has yet to be evaluated.
With respect to the optimal macromolecular crowder, the biophysical properties of various concentrations of different seaweed in origin sulphated polysaccharides (carrageenan, fucoidan, galactofucan, arabinogalactan, ulvan) and their effect on human adipose derived stem cell cultures were assessed. Carrageenan, possibly due to its high sulphation degree, exhibited the highest negative charge values. No correlation was observed between the different concentrations of the crowders and charge, polydispersity index, hydrodynamic radius and fraction volume occupancy across all crowders. None of the crowders, but arabinogalactan, negatively affected cell viability. Carrageenan, fucoidan, galactofucan and ulvan increased extracellular matrix (especially collagen type I and collagen type V) deposition. Carrageenan induced the highest osteogenic effect and galactofucan and fucoidan demonstrated the highest chondrogenic effect.
With respect to therapeutic effect, carrageenan (50 μg/ml) was used as macromolecular crowding agent to produce extracellular matrix-rich tissue equivalents, using only 50,000 human adipose derived stem cells per cm2 on an 85:15 poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-N-tert-butylacrylamide temperature-responsive electrospun scaffold. The combination of macromolecular crowding and the temperature-responsive electrospun scaffold enabled the accelerated (10 days) development of a truly three-dimensional (338.1 ± 42.9 μm) scaffold-free tissue equivalent that promoted fast wound healing and induced neotissue formation composed of mature collagen fibres.
Collectively, data obtained highlight the potential of macromolecular crowding to transform regenerative medicine by enabling the accelerated development of functional and truly three-dimensional tissue modulus and pave the path for a new era in scaffold-free tissue engineering.2024-11-0
Covid-19 a chur in iúl: aistriúchán agus muinín i bhfreagairt na hÉireann ar an bpaindéim
No full textTranslation of executive summary into Brazilian Portuguese for the report: communicating Covid-19: translation and trust in Ireland\u27s response to the pandemic
No full textDublin Honours Magdalenes Listening Exercise Report Vol 1: Report on Key Findings
No full textOn 6th June 2018, a formal ‘Listening Exercise’ took place in the Round Room of the Mansion House as part of Dublin Honours Magdalenes (DHM), an historic two-day event in Dublin from June 5th-6th. The event fulfilled two key aspects of the Irish State’s Magdalen Restorative Justice Ex-Gratia Scheme: to bring together those women seeking to meet others who also spent time in the Magdalene Laundries, and to provide an opportunity for a listening exercise to gather views from survivors on how the Magdalene Laundries should be remembered by future generations.Department of Justice and Equality (Ireland