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Labor Induction with Synthetic Oxytocin and Infantile Colic: A Case–Control Study
Get PDF[EN] Background and Objectives: Infantile colic affects 15–40% of infants ≤ 5 months, burdening families and health systems. While the effects of intrapartum oxytocin on neonatal outcomes have been widely investigated, its potential link with infantile colic remains poorly understood. We evaluated whether synthetic oxytocin is associated with infantile colic during the first five months of life and explored neonatal head circumference, feeding type and epidural anesthesia as additional factors. Materials and Methods: Prospective 1:1 matched case–control study in three Spanish pediatric outpatient clinics. Parents of 76 term infants aged 0–5 months (38 cases, 38 controls) completed face-to-face structured interviews documenting synthetic oxytocin and epidural use, infant anthropometry and feeding pattern. Infantile colic was diagnosed by Rome IV criteria. Associations were estimated with conditional logistic regression, producing adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Synthetic oxytocin was used in 57.9% of deliveries and epidural anesthesia in 81.6%. Synthetic oxytocin showed no association with infantile colic (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 0.50–3.09). Epidural strongly predicted synthetic oxytocin exposure (aOR 4.55; 95% CI 1.28–16.20) but had no independent link to infantile colic. Infants with colic had a smaller mean head circumference at birth, although this difference did not remain significant after adjusting for gestational age, likely reflecting limited sample size. Synthetic oxytocin was not associated with breastfeeding status. Conclusions: In this cohort, intrapartum synthetic oxytocin was not related to infantile colic or to feeding difficulties. Smaller head circumference among colic cases may warrant further investigation as a potential risk marker. The high co-use of synthetic oxytocin and epidural underscores the need for larger longitudinal studies to clarify their peripartum–neonatal interactions.S
Altered self-efficacy and movement confidence in people with chronic low back pain: A case-control study
No full text[ES] Antecedentes y objetivo
El dolor lumbar crónico representa un problema de salud global. Los abordajes de fisioterapia incluyen la terapia manual, el ejercicio terapéutico y la educación al paciente. Sin embargo, también existen factores psicoemocionales y sociales que desempeñan un papel relevante en su percepción y progresión.
El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en analizar la relación entre la autoeficacia y la confianza en el movimiento en individuos con dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico y compararlas con controles sin dolor lumbar.
Materiales y métodos
Se realizó un estudio observacional de casos y controles en 30 sujetos con dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico y 30 sujetos asintomáticos. Los instrumentos empleados fueron la escala OPTIMAL-confianza (0-100, a menor confianza mayor puntuación) y el cuestionario de autoeficacia en dolor crónico (0-100, a mayor autoeficacia mayor puntuación). Se efectuó un análisis descriptivo, así como asociaciones entre variables mediante el software SPSS® v26 (p < 0,05).
Resultados
Se incluyeron 60 participantes, con una media de edad de 54,72 ± 13,96 años. Los individuos con dolor presentaron menor autoeficacia (68,51 ± 14,46 vs. 79,98 ± 9,86) y menor confianza en el movimiento (39,24 ± 24,29 vs. 11,78 ± 11,50) respecto a el grupo control, con diferencias significativas (p < 0,05). Además, se observó una correlación directa, moderada y significativa entre autoeficacia y la confianza en el movimiento (−0,55; p < 0,001).
Conclusiones
Los hallazgos sugieren que los individuos con dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico presentan menor autoeficacia y confianza en el movimiento, resaltando la importancia de incluir estos factores en estrategias de educación en fisioterapia.[EN] Background and objective
Chronic low back pain is a global health problem. Physiotherapy approaches include manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and patient education. However, psycho-emotional and social factors also play a relevant role in the perception and progression of pain.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and movement confidence in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain and compare them with asymptomatic controls.
Materials and methods
A case-control observational study was conducted with 30 subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain and 30 asymptomatic subjects. The instruments used were the OPTIMAL-confidence scale (0–100, with higher scores indicating lower confidence) and the Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (0-100, with higher scores indicating greater self-efficacy). A descriptive analysis and association tests between variables were performed using SPSS® v26 software (P<.05).
Results
A total of 60 participants were included, with a mean age of 54.72 ± 13.96 years. Individuals with pain showed lower self-efficacy (68.51 ± 14.46 vs. 79.98 ± 9.86) and lower movement confidence (39.24 ± 24.29 vs. 11.78 ± 11.50) compared to the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<.05). Furthermore, a moderate, significant inverse correlation was observed between self-efficacy and movement confidence (r = −0.55; P<.001).
Conclusions
The findings suggest that individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain present lower self-efficacy and movement confidence, highlighting the importance of incorporating these factors into physiotherapy education strategies.S
Monitoring monkeypox virus in saliva and air samples in Spain: a cross-sectional study
Get PDF[EN] Background The transmission of monkeypox virus occurs through direct contact, but transmission through saliva or exhaled droplets and aerosols has not yet been investigated. We aimed to assess the presence of monkeypox virus DNA and infectious virus in saliva samples and droplets and aerosols exhaled from patients infected with monkeypox virus. Methods We did a cross-sectional study in patients with monkeypox confirmed by PCR who attended two health centres in Madrid, Spain. For each patient, we collected samples of saliva, exhaled droplets within a mask, and aerosols captured by air filtration through newly developed nanofiber filters. We evaluated the presence of monkeypox virus in the samples by viral DNA detection by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and isolation of infectious viruses in cell cultures.
Findings Between May 18 and July 15, 2022, 44 patients with symptomatic monkeypox attended two health centres in Madrid and were included in the study. All were cisgender men, with a median age of 35·0 years (IQR 11·3). We identified high loads of monkeypox virus DNA by qPCR in 35 (85%) of 41 saliva samples. Infectious monkeypox virus was recovered from 22 (67%) of 33 saliva samples positive for monkeypox virus DNA. We also found a significant association between the number of affected cutaneous areas or general symptoms and the viral load present in saliva samples. Droplets exhaled from patients with monkeypox, detected inside a mask, contained monkeypox virus DNA in 32 (71%) of 45 samples, with two of the 32 positive samples showing the presence of the infectious virus. Monkeypox virus DNA in aerosols, collected from the medical consultation room, were detected in 27 (64%) of 42 samples, despite patients wearing an FFP2 mask during the visit. Infectious virus was not recovered from aerosol samples. High levels of monkeypox virus DNA were identified in aerosols collected from a hospital isolation room housing a patient with monkeypox. Interpretation The identification of high viable monkeypox virus loads in saliva in most patients with monkeypox and the finding of monkeypox virus DNA in droplets and aerosols warrants further epidemiological studies to evaluate the potential relevance of the respiratory route of infection in the 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak.SIConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasCiberinfe
What are you?: pragmatic, self-confident, #hashtag or a vital senior? Using marketing to curb alcoholism and encourage healthy consumption!
Get PDF[EN] From a public administration approach, alcohol consumption is responsible for 3.8% of overall mortality. From a private approach, companies in the alcohol industry are faced with increasing competition, which forces them to focus their business more while promoting responsible consumption.
In this scene, an empirical investigation was carried out to determine the individual and environmental factors with most impact on alcohol consumption in the Spanish market. 1031 valid responses were obtained. Using multivariate techniques, four different consumer groups of highly alcoholic vs. slightly alcoholic beverages were identified: Pragmatic group; Self-confident group; #hashtag group and Vital Seniors group. Based on the variables (individual and environmental) that significantly define each cluster, two groups of managerial implications were stated: (i) four to recommend private managers how to reach each cluster of alcohol consumers; (ii) three to recommend public authorities how to deal with the most problematic areas (curb alcoholism & encourage healthy consumption)S
Altered leaf litter quality exacerbates the negative impact of climate change on decomposition
Get PDF[EN] Leaf litter decomposition is a key component of global biogeochemical cycles that influence soil carbon storage, nutrient availability and plant productivity. Ongoing climate change will lead to warmer and drier conditions in many dryland regions, potentially affecting litter decomposition and nutrient dynamics. Climate change effects can be direct and/or indirect, for example, through changes in litter quality, yet their relative importance on litter decomposition remains unclear.
We conducted a manipulative study in a semi-arid shrubland to assess the effects of leaf litter quality, forecasted climate change, that is, +2.5°C warming (W), 30% rainfall reduction (RR) as well as their interaction (W + RR) to elucidate their relative effects on litter decomposition.
Climatic effects alone reduced decomposition of a homogeneous Control leaf litter collected from Helianthemum squamatum shrubs growing in unmanipulated plots by 23.4%, 18.1% and 29.8% in the W, RR and W + RR treatments respectively. Leaf litter quality was lower in shrubs that had been growing in warmed plots (W and W + RR), as they had lower nutrient concentrations (P, Fe) and higher C:N and C:P ratios than leaf litter produced under ambient (Control) conditions. Lignin concentration was significantly lower in litter from W + RR plots, yet when both climate and litter quality were considered simultaneously, decomposition rates were 32.0%, 26.3% and 39.9% lower in W, RR and W + RR plots compared to Controls. In addition, we found greater microbial N immobilization in leaf litter incubated within warmed (W and W + RR) than within non-warmed plots (Control and RR). Structural equation modelling showed that higher litter moisture and microbial biomass contents stimulated decomposition. Simulated climate change (W, RR and W + RR) reduced decomposition indirectly by negatively affecting litter moisture contents and litter microbial biomass. Microbial nitrogen immobilization was stimulated by the lower quality (i.e. high C:N ratios) of the leaf litter collected in shrubs from warmed plots (W and W + RR).
Synthesis. Our findings indicate that forecasted climate change conditions slow down C and N cycling in a dryland ecosystem, an effect that is further exacerbated by climate change-induced reductions in litter quality and related reductions in bacterial and fungal biomass in litterSIFunding for this experiment came from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (projects CGL2010-21064, CGL2013-48753-R and AGL2014-54636-R) and the Fundación Séneca (project 19477/PI/14). I.P. and M.A. acknowledge support from the Juan de la Cierva Program (Grants FPDI-2013-16221 and IJCI-2015-23500
Aging, Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases: Management through Physical Exercise and Nutritional Interventions
Get PDF[EN] Gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, thus the alteration of its composition and functionality has been associated with many pathologies such as metabolic diseases, and could also be linked with the progressive degenerative process in aging. Nowadays, life expectancy is continuously rising, so the number of elder people and the consequent related pathologies demand new strategies to achieve healthy aging. Besides, actual lifestyle patterns make metabolic diseases a global epidemic with increasing trends, responsible for a large mortality and morbidity in adulthood and also compromising the health status of later stages of life. Metabolic diseases and aging share a profile of low-grade inflammation and innate immunity acti-vation, which may have disturbances of GM composition as the leading mechanism. Thus, GM emerges as a therapeutic target with a double impact in the elderly, counteracting both aging itself and the frequent metabolic diseases in this population. This review summarizes the role and com-positional changes of the GM in aging and its modulation through nutritional interventions and physical exercise as a strategy to counteract the aging process and the related metabolic diseasesSIThis work was supported by grants to J.G.-G. and S.S.-C. from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER (BFU2017-87960-R) and Junta de Castilla y León (GRS 1888/A/18). M.J.-F. was supported by a fellowship from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU18/06257). D.P. and S.R.-S. were supported by a fellowship from Junta de Castilla y León co-financed by the European Social Fund. E.N. was supported by CIBERehd contracts. CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spai
Highlighting the drastic body size decline in Cantabrian Brown Bear, Chamois and Wild Horse during the Holocene
Get PDF[EN] During the Holocene, Iberian ecosystems have changed dramatically in response to different biotic and abiotic drivers. Typically, the impact of these changes on ecosystems is assessed in terms of the variation of diversity in the communities that compose them. However, there are a wide variety of population-specific parameters of vital importance for the maintenance of the structure and health of these ecosystems. In this study, we have focused on the drastic decrease in body size (body mass) during the Holocene in three large mammal species in the Cantabrian Mountains. Namely, the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) and the wild horse (Equus ferus ferus). The research combines the analysis of new findings with an exhaustive compilation of previously published data to assess changes in the body size of these species at different geographical (European, Iberian and Cantabrian Regions) and chronological scales (during the Quaternary – i.e. Pleistocene and Holocene). We aim at assessing the impact of anthropogenic and climatic factors on macromammal populations in the Iberian Peninsula, using new data obtained from the new archaeo-palaeontological site of Cueva de Llamazares (León, Spain). The results show that, although the final decline in body size during the Holocene occurred in the three species, each of them seems to have been driven by different factors. Bear populations seem more influenced by their mobility versus the potential impact of changing in human hunting dynamics, while changes in vegetation cover would have been most important for chamois, and the gradual effect of climate changes for horse populations. Research covering broad chronological ranges in the past helps understanding the present and future dynamics of these species, thus contributing to their conservation and managementSIThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial sup-port for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this ar-ticle: This research activity was funded by the Research GroupQ-GEO (Geología Ambiental, Cuaternario y Geodiversidad, Universidad de León, León, Spain). D.F. was supported by theAyuda del Programa de Formación de Profesorado Universi-tario (FPU20/03389) and is a Ph.D. student at the Programade Doctorado en Biología at the Universidad Complutense de Madri
Suplementación con aceite esencial de tomillo (Thymus vulgaris L.): Impacto en el desarrollo, en la calidad de los huevos y en el contenido mineral en heces y suero sanguíneo de perdices de puesta
Get PDF[EN] Aim of study: This study evaluated the impact of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO)
supplementation on performance, egg quality, and serum and faecal mineral composition in chukar
partridges (Alectoris chukar).
Area of study: Türkiye.
Material and methods: Ninety-layer partridges, aged 32 weeks, were randomly assigned to five groups.
Within each group, there were six replicates with three birds/replicate. The experimental design included a
control group receiving a basal diet (0 mg/kg TEO) and four treatment groups with diets supplemented with
TEO at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg over 56 days.
Main results: The results showed no significant differences in performance parameters among the groups
(p>0.05). However, egg production and mass were significantly higher in the 50 mg/kg TEO group than in
the control group (p<0.01). Additionally, eggshell thickness and yolk index were improved in the 50 mg/kg
group compared to the 100 mg/kg group (p<0.05). Serum and faecal mineral compositions did not differ
significantly among the experimental groups (p>0.05).
Research highlights: These results suggest that incorporating TEO at 50 mg/kg into the diet of chukar
partridges may be optimal, as higher concentrations could potentially interfere with nutrient absorption and
negatively affect partridge attributes. Nevertheless, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms
of action of TEO´s active ingredients in partridge feed[ES] Objetivo del estudio: Este estudio evaluó el impacto de la suplementación dietética con aceite esencial detomillo (Thymus vulgaris L.) (TEO) en la dieta de perdices de puesta (Alectoris chukar) a nivel deldesarrollo productivo, de la calidad de los huevos, y del contenido mineral en heces y suero sanguíneo.Área de estudio: Turquía.
Material y métodos: Noventa perdices ponedoras de 32 semanas se dividieron aleatoriamente en cincogrupos; dentro de cada grupo había seis réplicas con tres aves cada una. El diseño experimental incluyó ungrupo de control que recibió una dieta basal (0 mg/kg de TEO) y cuatro grupos de tratamiento con dietassuplementadas con TEO a 50, 100, 150 y 200 mg/kg durante 56 días.Resultados principales: Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en los parámetros dedesarrollo productivo entre los grupos experimentales (p>0,05). Sin embargo, la producción de huevos yla masa de huevos fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo que había recibido 50 mg/kg de TEOen comparación con el control (p0,05).Aspectos destacados de la investigación: Estos resultados sugieren que la incorporación de TEOa 50 mg/kg en la dieta de perdices puede ser óptima, ya que concentraciones mayores podríaninterferir potencialmente con la absorción de nutrientes y afectar negativamente a los rendimientos y lascaracterísticas de los huevos de las perdices. No obstante, se necesitan más investigaciones para determinarlos mecanismos de acción de los ingredientes activos de la TEO en la alimentación de las perdicesSIThe authors received no specific funding for this wor
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) as a novel oncolytic virotherapy in glioblastoma
Get PDF[EN] Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of cancer of the central nervous system. Despite advances in immunotherapies and standard- of- care treatments for GBMs, clinical outcomes remain limited— owing to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the intrinsic resistance of GBM to conventional approaches. As a result, there is growing interest in rational combination strategies, particularly those pairing oncolytic viruses with immune- based therapies or established treatment modalities. Oncolytic viruses, by displaying conditionally enabled tumor cell- restricted replication, while stimulating antitumor immune responses and leaving healthy tissue unharmed, have the potential to reshape the therapeutic landscape in GBM and aid in achieving more durable benefits for patients. This study investigates the use of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) as a potential virotherapy for GBM. Methods and results In vitro, IBDV infects and replicates within murine GBM cells and patient- derived GBM stem cells, inducing direct oncolysis and activating proinflammatory gene expression programs. IBDV also enhances the cytolytic activity of temozolomide (TMZ) in treated GBM cells, complementing TMZ chemotherapeutic activity. In vivo, treatment with IBDV in CT- 2A GBM- bearing syngeneic mice significantly reduced tumor growth and improved survival compared with control mice. Intratumoral administration of IBDV induces a deep remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment, reducing immunosuppressive M2- like macrophages and increasing the ratio of CD8+T cells to regulatory T cells. This reversion of immunosuppression linked to monocyte- derived macrophages has been confirmed on experimental ex vivo infections of explants derived from human GBM donors. Conclusion These findings support further consideration of IBDV as a novel virotherapeutic agent for GBMSIThis study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project "PI21/01353" and co- funded by the European Unio
El fenómeno FOMO en futuros docentes: análisis del bienestar digital en el primer curso del Grado en Educación Primaria
No full text[ES] El capítulo analiza el fenómeno FOMO en estudiantes de primer curso del Grado en Educación Primaria, un colectivo especialmente expuesto a dinámicas de hiperconectividad y presión social digital. A partir de un estudio cuantitativo con 123 participantes, se examinan los niveles de FOMO, sus manifestaciones relacionales y las diferencias de género detectadas, donde las mujeres presentan puntuaciones significativamente más altas. Los resultados muestran que el FOMO se articula como un malestar vinculado a la pertenencia, la validación social y la integración en el grupo de iguales, más que a una envidia activa por la actividad ajena. El capítulo evidencia el impacto del FOMO en el bienestar emocional, la autorregulación y la experiencia académica, y destaca la ausencia de formación en bienestar digital dentro de los planes de estudio. Se subraya la necesidad de incorporar competencias emocionales y digitales en la formación inicial del profesorado para afrontar las vulnerabilidades emergentes asociadas a la vida digital contemporánea. El estudio abre líneas de trabajo orientadas al diseño de intervenciones educativas que promuevan una relación equilibrada, crítica y saludable con la tecnología