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The role of the general stress response regulator RpoS in Cronobacter sakazakii biofilm formation
Get PDF[EN]The relationship between biofilm formation and RpoS status was assessed in nine field isolates of C. sakazakii. Their ability to form biofilms was studied in BHI and minimum media with different pH values and supplemented or not with the amino acids arginine, lysine and glutamic acid. Biofilm formation, both on polystyrene and stainless steel, was measured by spectrometric determination of the fixed crystal violet and the biofilms were visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Despite the existing heterogeneity among the different strains, biofilm formation was generally higher in buffered minimum media (pH 7.0) supplemented with lysine than in other culture media and on stainless steel plates than on polystyrene. The results showed a lower ability to form biofilms for a strain with a loss-of-function mutation in the rpoS gene, the general stress response regulator of Gram-negative bacteria, when compared to the rest of the strains, which harboured a functional rpoS. The complementation of this strain with a functional rpoS gene resulted in an increase in its biofilm formation ability up to levels comparable to those observed for strains with a functional rpoS. However, the differences were markedly reduced when the incubation time was increased from 24 to 48 h, indicating that the loss of RpoS caused a delay in the development of mature biofilms, rather than a complete inhibition of biofilm production in C. sakazakii.SIThis study was funded by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Spanish Government, under grant number AGL2017-82779-C2-2-R. PFG is grateful to Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund (ESF) for awarding her a pre-doctoral grant (BOCYL-D-15122017-4
Heterogeneity in biofilm formation and identification of biomarkers of strong biofilm formation among field isolates of Pseudomonas spp.
Get PDF[EN] The biofilm formation ability of a collection of thirty-three Pseudomonas spp. isolates from food processing facilities was investigated in order to find biomarkers of strong biofilm production, a characteristic that can determine persistence in food processing environments. The strains were classified according to the colony pigmentation on solid media as green, brown or not pigmented. The biofilm production on stainless steel and polystyrene was assessed by spectrometric determination of the fixed crystal violet, and the biofilm formed on glass, through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Besides, pyoverdine production, catalase activity, RpoS status and cellular hydrophobicity were also monitored. A significantly higher biofilm production level on stainless steel and polystyrene was observed for green-pigmented strains as compared to brown or not pigmented strains. The influence of iron availability on biofilm formation on stainless steel was studied through the addition of the iron scavenger 2,2-bipyridine resulting in a decrease of 40 % in biofilm formation for the not pigmented strains. For most of the potential biomarkers studied (i.e., pyoverdine production, catalase activity, cellular hydrophobicity), the phenotypic heterogeneity observed among strains was mainly dependent on the Pseudomonas species and no strong associations with the biofilm formation capacity were detected. However, the green colony pigmentation on solid media showed good potential as a biomarker of strong biofilm formation on stainless steel and polystyrene both in P. aeruginosa and Pseudomonas sppSIThis work was supported by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Spanish Government, under the reference AGL2017- 82779-C2-2-R. P. Fernandez-G ´ omez ´ is grateful to Junta de Castilla y Leon ´ and the European Social Fund for awarding her a pre-doctoral grant (BOCYL-D-15122017-4). The custom made stainless steel plates used for biofilm formation determinations were provided by the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of La Rioj
Football as a pedagogical tool in business management education
Get PDF[ES] La implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior ha puesto de relevancia la necesidad de que el profesorado universitario desarrolle y adopte nuevas formas de docencia que permitan a los alumnos acceder al aprendizaje de las asignaturas desde una nueva perspectiva didáctica. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la puesta en práctica de proyectos de innovación docente en el rendimiento académico en una muestra formada por 1.546 estudiantes de tres universidades y cuatro grados diferentes. Para ello se ha comparado el rendimiento de un grupo experimental, que realizó una actividad práctica que relacionaba el triunfo de la selección española de fútbol en el Mundial de Sudáfrica del año 2010 con la forma en que se ejecutan las principales funciones de la dirección de una empresa, con el rendimiento de un grupo control, que basó el mismo aprendizaje en la tradicional clase magistral. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el grupo experimental alcanzó un rendimiento académico superior al del grupo control. Por lo tanto, se concluye que el desarrollo y la implantación de este proyecto de innovación docente mejora el rendimiento académico en los estudiantes universitarios.[PT] La implantació de l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior ha posat de rellevància la neces-sitat que el professorat universitari desenvolupi i adopti noves formes de docència que permetin que els alumnes accedeixin a l’aprenentatge de les assignatures des d’una nova perspectiva didàctica. L’objectiu principal d’aquest treball és analitzar els efectes de pro-jectes d’innovació docent en el rendiment acadèmic en una mostra formada per 1.546 estudiants de tres universitats i quatre graus diferents. Per aquest motiu s’ha comparat el rendiment d’un grup experimental, que va realitzar una activitat pràctica que relacionava el triomf de la selecció espanyola de futbol al Mundial de Sud-àfrica de l’any 2010 amb la manera com s’executen les principals funcions de la direcció d’una empresa, amb el ren-diment d’un grup control, que va basar el mateix aprenentatge en la tradicional classe magistral. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que el grup experimental va aconseguir un ren-diment acadèmic superior al del grup control. Per tant, es conclou que el desenvolupament i la implantació de projectes d’innovació docent realitzats en les aules millora el rendiment acadèmic en els estudiants universitaris[EN] Following the implementation of the European Higher Education Area, university teach-ers have had to develop and apply new teaching methods in their educational practice that enable students to learn from a more didactic approach. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the effects of the implementation of teaching innovation projects on aca-demic performance in a sample of 1,546 students from three universities and four differ-ent degree programmes. To this end, we studied the performance of an experimental group that carried out a practical activity in which they had to relate the victory of the Spanish national soccer team in the 2010 World Cup in South Africa with how the main functions of a company’s management are executed. The experimental group was compared to a control group that studied the same topic in a traditional master class. The results show that the academic performance of the experimental group was superior to that of the control group. Therefore, it is concluded that the development and implementation of teacher innovation projects carried out in the classroom improve the academic performance of university students.S
Health education as a resource to cope with COVID-19
Get PDF[ES] La educación para la salud se presenta como un recurso para la promoción de hábitos de conducta que permiten resolver los problemas de salud, desarrollar el bienestar y prevenir la aparición y el contagio de enfermedades. Por su parte, la alfabetización en salud implica tanto la habilidad para entender cuestiones relacionadas con la salud como la motivación para actuar de forma consciente y responsable en beneficio de la salud propia y la colectiva. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar diversas iniciativas de educación para la salud en las que se trata de enseñar a afrontar la situación actual provocada por la COVID-19 a personas de diferentes edades. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología exploratoria, descriptiva y explicativa. Los resultados de los estudios analizados permiten extraer algunas orientaciones para planificar estrategias de promoción de la salud. Se concluye que se deben realizar campañas de alfabetización en salud, utilizando diversos medios de comunicación, para informar y motivar a toda la población sobre la importancia de adoptar comportamientos para la prevención del contagio de la COVID-19 y de mantener hábitos de vida saludables[EN] Health education is presented as a resource for the promotion of behavioral habits that allow dealing with health problems, developing well-being and preventing the appearance and spread of diseases. Besides, health literacy implies both the ability to understand health-related issues and the motivation to act consciously and responsibly for the benefit of personal and collective health. The objective of this article is to analyze various health education initiatives in which the aim is to teach people of different ages to face the current situation caused by the COVID-19. An exploratory, descriptive and explicative methodology was followed. In addition, some guidelines are proposed for health promotion before, during and after a pandemic. The results of the analyzed studies allow to extract some guidelines for planning health promotion strategies. It is concluded that health literacy campaigns should be carried out, using various media, to inform and motivate the entire population about the importance of adopting behaviors for the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 and maintaining healthy lifestyle habitsS
Análisis espacial de la incidencia de fenómenos tormentosos sobre las zonas productoras de vid y frutales de Castilla y León
Get PDF[ES] La agricultura está íntimamente relacionada con la meteorología, ocasionando graves daños en
aquellos casos en los que ésta resulta adversa. Uno de los principales daños, y que más repercusión
tiene en las futuras cosechas, son los producidos por el granizo. En este estudio, localizado en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, se estudiaron los municipios en los que existen parcelas con uso de viñedo y frutales no cítricos, realizando una zonificación de los mismos en cinco categorías según el nivel de riesgo por daños debidos al granizo. Se utilizaron como variables de entrada: el porcentaje de superficie de interés dentro de cada término municipal, el número de rayos caídos y el número de siniestros ocurridos en cada término municipal. Como paso previo a la zonificación se analizó la relación entre el número de rayos y tormentas, con el número de daños y la superficie afectada en los cultivos arbóreos. Como resultado se han clasificado los términos municipales en función de su riesgo en las categorías muy bajo, bajo, medio, alto y extremo, obteniéndose un total de 640, 171, 33, 21 y 4 municipios respectivamente, siendo esta información de interés tanto para agricultores como para las empresas aseguradorasConsejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y Leó
Arts. 79 a 86
No full text[ES] El Título X de la Ley Orgánica 3/2018 sobre Garantía de los Derechos Digitales constituye un marco normativo innovador para la protección y promoción de los derechos fundamentales en el ámbito digital. Este título reconoce y desarrolla una serie de derechos específicos para enfrentar los desafíos y oportunidades de la era digital, proporcionando un equilibrio entre el desarrollo tecnológico y la salvaguarda de derechos fundamentales. El artículo 79 establece un marco general sobre los derechos en la era digital, subrayando la necesidad de garantizar los derechos fundamentales en los entornos tecnológicos. El artículo 80 regula el derecho a la neutralidad de Internet, asegurando un acceso libre y no discriminatorio, crucial para el ejercicio de la igualdad y la libertad en el entorno digital. El artículo 81 reconoce el derecho de acceso universal a Internet, promoviendo su consideración como un servicio esencial y garantizando la conectividad como elemento para superar la brecha digital. El artículo 82, centrado en el derecho a la seguridad digital, subraya la necesidad de proteger a los usuarios frente a riesgos y amenazas en el ciberespacio, incluyendo medidas contra el cibercrimen y el uso indebido de datos personales. El artículo 83 consagra el derecho a la educación digital, orientado a garantizar la alfabetización tecnológica y fomentar competencias digitales esenciales para el ejercicio de derechos y responsabilidades en el entorno digital. El artículo 84 aborda la protección de los menores en Internet, estableciendo medidas específicas para garantizar un entorno seguro y adecuado a su desarrollo. En los artículos 85 y 86 se reconocen, respectivamente, el derecho de rectificación en Internet y el derecho a la actualización de informaciones en medios de comunicación digitales, herramientas fundamentales para preservar la reputación, el honor y la veracidad de la información en entornos digitales. En conjunto, este comentario destaca cómo el Título X de la Ley Orgánica 3/2018 configura un instrumento esencial para el reconocimiento de derechos digitales, proporcionando un marco legal robusto y adaptable a los desafíos del entorno digital
Exploring available landslide inventories for susceptibility analysis in Gipuzkoa province (Spain)
Get PDF[EN] Similar to many mountainous regions of the world, landslides are a recurrent geological hazard in the Gipuzkoa province (northern Spain) that commonly cause damage to communication infrastructure, such as roads and railways. This geomorphological process also threatens buildings and human beings, albeit to a lesser degree. Over time, different institutions and academic research groups have individually collected crucial information on historic and ancient landslides in this region, resulting in various landslide inventories. However, these inventories have not been collectively assessed, and their suitability for landslide susceptibility modelling projects has often been assumed without comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we propose a simplified method to explore, describe, and compare the various landslide inventories in a specific study area to assess their suitability for landslide susceptibility modelling. Additionally, we present the results of an illustrative experiment that demonstrates the direct effect of using different inventories in landslide susceptibility modelling through a data-driven approach. We found that out of the five digitally available inventories in the study area, only three provide sufficient guarantees to be used as input data for susceptibility modelling. Furthermore, we observed that each individual inventory exhibited inherent biases, which directly influenced the resulting susceptibility map. We believe that our proposed methods can be easily replicated in other study areas where multiple landslide inventory sources exist, and that our work will induce other researchers to conduct preliminary assessments of their inventories as a critical step prior to any landslide susceptibility modelling project.SICRUE-CSICUniversity of the Basque Countr
Responsabilidad civil del anestesiólogo y consentimiento informado: daños y riesgos anestésicos no consentidos por el paciente
No full text[ES] El actual empleo generalizado de la anestesia en toda intervención quirúrgica o acto médico mínimamente invasivo, sumado a dato irrefutable de que las técnicas anestésicas comportan per se riesgos intrínsecos para la vida e integridad física del paciente, hacen que el ejercicio de la especialidad anestesiológica sea fuente inagotable de pleitos de responsabilidad civil por daños.
Desde las premisas de que la obligación del anestesista es de medios y de carácter subjetivo o culpabilístico de su responsabilidad, y sin prescindir de la habitual actuación de este especialista dentro de un equipo médico-quirúrgico, son incontables las resoluciones judiciales que, en aplicación de la normativa general reguladora de la responsabilidad civil (principalmente extracontractual, ex art. 1902 CC), resuelven supuestos de mala praxis y negligencias anestésicas con resultado lesivo para el paciente; litigios que reflejando a menudo el papel probatorio de los protocolos médicos, pivotan sobre la adecuación (o no) de la concreta conducta controvertida del anestesiólogo a la lex artis propia de esta especialidad, en atención al respectivo contenido de la misma en cada uno de los tres estadios de intervención de dicho profesional: cuidados y deberes preanestésicos, fase de peranestesia (o anestesia stricto sensu) y reanimación o postanestesi
Sentinel-1 Data Processing for Detecting and Monitoring of Ground Instabilities in the Rocky Coast of Central Asturias (N Spain)
Get PDF[EN] The cliff coastline of the central region of Asturias (N Spain) is severely affected by terrain instabilities, causing considerable damage to properties and infrastructures every year. In this study, we applied the A-DInSAR technique based on Sentinel-1 imagery to map and monitor active slopes in an emblematic rocky area of the Asturian coast: the Peñas Cape. The A-DInSAR dataset analysis has been focused at regional and local scales. For the local scale assessment, six areas were selected based on previous work and the landslide database of the Principality of Asturias region (BAPA-Base de datos de Argayos del Principado de Asturias), created by the University of Oviedo. The processing of the data has been performed using two independent sets of processing tools: the PSIG software tools, a professional tool and, the GEP service, an unsupervised platform. The dataset consisted of 113 SAR IW-SLC images acquired by the Sentinel-1 A/B satellites between January 2018 and February 2020. LOS mean deformation velocity maps (mm year−1) and deformation time series (mm) were obtained by PSIG and GEP software, allowing coastal areas with landslide incidence and other terrain movements to be distinguished. Deformation motion has been estimated from PSIG VLOS rates to be from −17.1 to 37.4 mm year−1 and GEP VLOS rates from −23.0–38.3 mm year−1. According to deformation time series (mm), the minimum and maximum accumulated displacements are −68.5–78.8 and −48.8–77.0 mm by means of PSIG and GEP, respectively. These ground motions could be associated with coastal instabilities related to marine activity and coastal retreat, both at regional and local study scales. The main contributions of this work are: (1) the demonstration of the potential of A-DInSAR techniques to evaluate coastal instabilities in a coastal retreat context and (2) the comparison of the results provided by the two sets of tools, which allowed the ground motion to be assessed by using an unsupervised approach vs. a contrasted one (robust software). This study increases the knowledge about coastal instabilities and other ground movements along the rocky coast and cliffs of Central Asturias. As a conclusion for the future, we believe that this work highlights the evaluated methods as significant tools to support the management of coastal territories with jagged and rocky coastlines.SISpanish Economy, Industry and Competitiveness MinistrySpanish Research AgencyEuropean Regional Development Fun
Meteorological Patterns Linked to Landslide Triggering in Asturias (NW Spain): A Preliminary Analysis
Get PDF[EN] Asturias is one of the most landslide prone areas in the north of Spain. Most landslides are linked to intense and continue rainfall events, especially between October and May. This fact points out precipitation as the main triggering factor in the study area. Thirteen rainfall episodes that caused 1064 landslides between 2008 and 2016 have been selected for its study. Landslide records come from the Principality of Asturias Landslide Database (BAPA) and meteorological data from the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET). Meteorological conditions which took place during each period have been characterized by using NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. Four main landslide-triggering meteorological patterns have been identified for the Asturian territory: Strong Atlantic Anticyclone pattern (SAA), Atlantic Depression pattern (AD), Anticyclonic ridge pattern (AR) and Cut-off Low pattern (CL).SIGovernment of AsturiasEuropean Regional Development FundUniversity of OviedoAEME