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= Shin-gi-taicomo principio rector del judoKodokan. ¿Otro ejemplo más de reinvención histórica?
Get PDF[EN] Ju do national governing bodies in recent years through slogans, posters, cartoons, and web site information have attempted to reignite their members’ appreciation for a judo morality constructed on Japanese bushido.Similarly, several judo federations actively promote ‘shin-gi-tai’ (mind-technique-body) as a guiding principle for rank promotions and conduct allegedly in association with Kano Jigoro’s philosophy. Using translation, critical and heuristic analysis of relevant original historical Japanese sources, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the origin, etymology and justification of shin-gi-tai as a pre-existing principle in Kodokan judo. Our results show that shin-gi-tai was first used in judo by Michigami Haku while teaching in Shanghai in the 1940s. After his arrival in France in 1953, the concept was introduced and distributed within the Western judo world. However, Michigami was not the original author. It was on the island of Kyushu, from where Michigami hailed, that the term shin-gi-tai appears to have been first used in the Heiho shingitai oboegaki(Memorandum on military arts and mind-technique-body), a text authored by Toyoda Masanaga, an 18th century Niten ichi-ryu heiho swordsman influenced by Miyamoto Musashi. A similar term, shinkitai, later entered sumo through the Yoshida family, also active in Kyushu, who became responsible for the administration of sumo in the late Meiji period. Michigami as a young man had practiced both kendo and sumo. There is no link between Kano Jigoro and shin-gi-tai. While it is acceptable to use shin-gi-tai or any other legitimate meme in coaching athletes, asserting that it represents a fundamental principle that guides rank promotions and ethics in judo is nothing but historical reinvention that lacks any basis.[ES] Los órganos nacionales rectores del judo han intentado en los últimos años, a través de eslóganes, carteles, dibujos animados e informaciones en páginas web, reavivar entre sus miembros el aprecio por la moral judo, construida sobre el bushidojaponés. Asimismo, algunas federaciones de judo promueven de forma activa el “shin-gi-tai” (mente-técnica-cuerpo) como principio guía para los ascensos de grado y la conducta del practicante, supuestamente en asociación con la filosofía de Kano Jigoro. Utilizando la traducción, el análisis crítico y heurístico de fuentes japonesas históricas, originales y relevantes, este trabajo tiene el propósito de investigar el origen, la etimología y la justificación del shin-gi-tai como principio preexistente en el judo Kodokan. Los resultados muestran que el shin-gi-tai fue utilizado por primera vez en el judo por Michigami Haku mientras enseñaba en Shanghái en la década de 1940. Tras su llegada a Francia en 1953, el concepto fue introducido y difundido en el judo occidental. Sin embargo, Michigami no fue el autor original. Fue en la isla de Kyushu, de donde procedía Michigami, donde el término shin-gi-taiparece haber sido utilizado por primera vez en el Heiho shingitai oboegaki(Memorándum sobre las artes militares y la mente-técnica-cuerpo), un texto cuyo autor fue Toyoda Masanaga, un espadachín heiho de la Niten ichi-ryu del siglo XVIII influenciado por Miyamoto Musashi. Un término similar, shinkitai, entró más tarde en el sumo a través de la familia Yoshida, también activa en Kyushu, que se hizo responsable de la administración del sumo a finales del periodo Meiji. Michigami, de joven, había practicado tanto el kendo como el sumo. No existe ningún vínculo entre Kano Jigoro y el shin-gi-tai. Si bien es aceptable usar el términoo cualquier otro meme legítimo en el entrenamiento de atletas, afirmar que representa un principio fundamental que guía los ascensos de rango y la ética en el judo no es más que una reinvención histórica que carece de toda base
The referential use of third‐party «renowned brand» to advertise services on websites: application from the perspective of EU and Spanish legislators
No full text[ES] En un mundo globalizado como el nuestro, la marca en general, y la marca renombrada en particular, es un activo inmaterial valioso para las empresas y un elemento importante para darse a conocer en el mercado y captar clientela. Su titular goza de un derecho de uso exclusivo que debe respetar los límites legalmente establecidos. En relación con estos límites se plantea el tema, ciertamente importante, de la licitud del uso referencial de una marca renombrada ajena más allá de que ese uso no sea estrictamente para indicar el destino del producto o servicio. El tratamiento de esta problemática requiere una cuidada y precisa labor de interpretación de la normativa comunitaria y nacional aplicable, sin perder de vista la interpretación jurisprudencial del TJUE.[EN] In a globalized world like ours, the brand in general, and the renowned trademark in particular, is a valuable intangible asset for companies and an important element to become known in the market and attract clientele. Its owner enjoys an exclusive right of use that must respect the legally established limits. In relation to these limits, the certainly important issue arises of the legality of the referential use of a renowned foreign trademark beyond the fact that this use is not strictly to indicate the destination of the product or service. The treatment of this problem requires a careful and precise task of interpreting the applicable community and national regulations, without losing sight of the jurisprudential interpretation of the Court of Justice of the European Union.S
Combined Noise and Clock CRLB Error Model for the Optimization of Node Location in Time Positioning Systems
Get PDF[EN] The emergence of autonomous vehicles with high needs for accuracy in location has hardened the requirements of the positioning systems used for navigation. Local Positioning Systems (LPS) have shown an excellent adaptation to these conditions, thanks to stability and reduction in the levels of positioning uncertainty. The accuracy achieved by methodologies based on temporal measurements depends mainly on the uncertainties in the measurements of these systems. In this aspect, the presence of noise and the existence of temporary instabilities in measurement clocks, depending on the distribution of sensors in the environment, acquire great relevance. In this article, we introduce for the first time in the authors' best knowledge a Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) model for the quantification of the global uncertainty in positioning systems caused by both noise and temporary instabilities in the measurement devices. Additionally, this technique is applied to the optimization of sensor distributions for Time of Arrival (TOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Asynchronous TDOA (A-TDOA) architectures using a Genetic Algorithm in a non-uniform 3D environment. Results show that A-TDOA methodology significantly overcomes synchronous architectures in terms of global accuracy and stability when noise and clock errors are considered in time measurements of LPS applications.SISpanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness under Grant DPI2016-79960-C3-2-
The oldest fossil hominin from Italy: Reassessment of the femoral diaphysis from Venosa-Notarchirico in its Acheulean context
Get PDF[EN] Venosa-Notarchirico is a musealized Lower Paleolithic site in southern Italy (Basilicata), where a human femoral shaft was discovered in 1985. The fossil specimen can be evaluated in the new light of excavations started in 2016, which provide a more updated and extensive picture of the site, including the crucial Ar/Ar date of 661-614 ka for the human specimen. This makes the fossil diaphysis from Venosa-Notarchirico (Vn-H1) the oldest fossil hominin found so far in the Italian peninsula, associated with the earliest evidence of genuine Acheulean in Europe. In this paper, we report a comparative morphometric analysis of this femur, as well as a paleopathological reappraisal of the periosteal alteration that affects the specimen, supported by an unpublished histological analysis. Vn-H1 represents the proximal two-thirds of a right femur lacking the epiphyseal region. We argue it belonged to an immature individual, possibly a juvenile (late adolescent). Its features suggest that the specimen may refer to an archaic (i.e., non-modern) human species, also showing morphological differences compared to fossil samples of the Neanderthal lineage. We also support the identification of a pathological condition affecting Vn-H1, particularly evident in some preserved portions of the mid-shaft as described here. Its etiology is discussed after differential diagnosis, which led us to suggest an alteration of inflammatory origin, viewed as a nonspecific periosteal response. This pathology may have been roughly concomitant with the death of the individualSIAnalyses were carried out with the support of the ERC-Adv. LATEUROPE n°101052653, the Leakey Foundation (“Early Evidence of Acheulean bifacial technology in Europe” grant, 2015–2016 and 2019–2021), the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France (ATM Action Transversale du Muséum, 2016–2018), the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain (Grant PID 2021-122355NB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”), and the Ministero dell'Istruzione dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italy (PRIN projects 2015: WPHSCJ-LS8 and WPHSCJ
A class of implicative expansions of Belnap-Dunn logic in whose elements a Boolean negation is definable.
No full text[EN] Abstract. Implicative expansions of Belnap–Dunn logic and their equivalence to four-valued non-classical logics.Acknowledgements. Work supported by research project PID2020-116502GB-I00, financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033)
Sequential Memetic Algorithm Optimization for Allocation Planning in Hostelry Establishments
Get PDF[EN] Hostelry establishments face the challenge of devising a table and chair allocation for accommodating their customers on a daily basis. This problem scales significantly with the introduction of constraints, such as scenario obstacles or the requirement of a minimum distance separation. The TLP (Table Location Problem) and the CLP (Chair Location Problem) are NP-Hard complexity problems that aim to attain the optimal table and chair distribution for certain applications. Existing approaches to this problem fail to address both the TLP and CLP simultaneously, thus resulting in suboptimal solutions achieved by imposing optimization constraints. Therefore, in this paper, a sequential optimization methodology based on a GBLS MA (Gradient-Based Local Search Memetic Algorithm) optimizations is proposed for optimizing the table and chair disposition simultaneously while also considering scenario and distancing restrictions. The proposed methodology is then implemented into a realistic establishment, where different optimization strategies within the CLP are compared. Results prove the viability and flexibility of the proposed sequential optimization for complex hostelry scenarios.SIThis research was developed and funded by the project of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities grant number PID2023-153047OB100 and the Universidad de León
A blow darts program for adults with spinal cord injuries: Feasibility and effects on respiratory function
No full text[EN] Objectifs. — La présente recherche a un double objectif. Premièrement, elle vise à déterminersi l’incorporation de fléchettes dans le cadre d’un programme de réadaptation multidisciplinairepour les personnes atteintes d’une lésion de la moelle épinière est faisable et sûre. Un objectifsecondaire est de fournir des informations concernant ses effets sur leur fonction respiratoire.Matériel et méthodes. —Quinze personnes (échelle de déficience ASIA A—D) ont été assignéessoit à un groupe de fléchettes (groupe intervention [IG], n = 8, 44,3 ± 8,0 ans), soit à un groupesans fléchettes (groupe contrôle [CG], n = 7, 48,4 ± 7,2 ans). Le groupe IG a suivi un programmede fléchettes soufflées basé sur l’exécution de 3 à 4 séances hebdomadaires d’une heure pen-dant 17 semaines, dans le cadre de leur rééducation. Les GC ont continué à recevoir les soinshabituels. La faisabilité du programme a été enregistrée. Les participants ont également effec-tué une spirométrie pour déterminer les volumes et les flux pulmonaires et des tests de forcedes muscles respiratoires pour évaluer leurs pressions buccales statiques maximales.Résultats. — Les taux de recrutement et d’achèvement de l’IG étaient tous deux de 100 %, tandisque l’adhésion au programme s’élevait à 62,5 %. Après avoir terminé le programme, aucun desdeux groupes n’a connu de changements significatifs dans les variables évaluées. Cependant,l’IG a montré des preuves d’un effet bénéfique possible sur le débit expiratoire de pointe (DEP)et les pressions inspiratoires maximales (PIM), avec une taille d’effet importante ( p2 = 0,377 et0,199, respectivement).Conclusions. — Un programme de fléchettes de 17 semaines a été une approche de réadaptationréalisable dans un groupe de personnes atteintes d’une LM. D’autres études avec une plusgrande puissance statistique sont recommandées pour déterminer son impact sur les paramètresrespiratoires.S
Los nuevos sectores de actividad y yacimientos de empleo en la negociación colectiva de ámbito sectorial autonómico en España
No full text[ES] Los rápidos y numerosos cambios que la sociedad ha experimentado en los últimos tiempos han venido a transformar en gran medida sus costumbres, economía, legislaciones y estructuras. Al amparo de tales circunstancias han surgido nuevas formas de relaciones sociales y económicas, y con ello nuevas oportunidades de negocio y nuevas formas de empleo. Desde que en los años noventa se acuñara el término nuevos yacimientos de empleo este se ha venido asentando y su avance y aprovechamiento ha disfrutado de una gran evolución. La paralela evolución de la sociedad y la tecnología en las últimas décadas y especialmente en los últimos años ha supuesto un cambio en múltiples niveles y ámbitos de numerosos aspectos de la vida cotidiana del ser humano. La incorporación de la mujer al ámbito laboral, la masiva inmigración (y también la emigración), el envejecimiento paulatino de la población, el aumento de la renta y de los niveles educativos, la creciente urbanización o, por supuesto, la evolución de la tecnología (que ha servido de infraestructura técnica a la globalización de la economía) han traído de la mano nuevas realidades y necesidades, entre otras cuestiones, en nuestros modos y hábitos de vida, formas de comunicación, medios técnicos y, cómo no, en el ámbito laboral, el cual ha experimentado profundas novedades, cambios y nuevas necesidades y realidades en los últimos tiempos
Negociación colectiva y trabajadores autónomos: los acuerdos de interés profesional
No full text[ES] En contraste con el amplio y consolidado reconocimiento jurídico de medios colectivos de tutela, acción y representación a los trabajadores subordinados y sus representantes, a los empresarios y sus representantes, y a los ciudadanos en general, el Derecho positivo no ha reconocido expresamente a los trabajadores autónomos, hasta la aprobación de la Ley 20/2007, de 11 de julio, del Estatuto del Trabajo Autónomo (LETA), instrumentos específicos, ni de acción ni de representación, a través de los cuales pudieran defender los intereses relacionados con el desarrollo de su trabajo personal
Core−shell molecularly imprinted polymers on magnetic yeast for the removal of sulfamethoxazole from water
Get PDFThis article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends and Perspectives in the Application of Polymeric Materials for Wastewater Treatment[EN] In this work, magnetic yeast (MY) was produced through an in situ one-step method. Then, MY was used as the core and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the template to produce highly selective magnetic yeast-molecularly imprinted polymers (MY@MIPs). The physicochemical properties of MY@MIPs were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), specific surface area (SBET) determination, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to compare MY@MIPs with MY and MY@NIPs (magnetic yeast-molecularly imprinted polymers without template), with MY@MIPs showing a better performance in the removal of SMX from water. Adsorption of SMX onto MY@MIPs was described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 77 and 24 mg g−1 from ultrapure and wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, MY@MIPs displayed a highly selective adsorption toward SMX in the presence of other pharmaceuticals, namely diclofenac (DCF) and carbamazepine (CBZ). Finally, regeneration experiments showed that SMX adsorption decreased 21 and 34% after the first and second regeneration cycles, respectively. This work demonstrates that MY@MIPs are promising sorbent materials for the selective removal of SMX from wastewaterSIThis work is a contribution to the research project WasteMAC (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028598) funded by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Thanks are due to FCT/ Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES), for the financial support to CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), through national funds. The work was also sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (SBK201404182); the environmental protection scientific research subject in Jiangsu province (Grant NO.2016003); and the A Project Fund by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). Marta Otero and Vânia Calisto are thankful to FCT for the Investigator Program (IF/00314/2015) and for the Scientific Employment Stimulus (CEECIND/00007/2017), respectively. Guilaine Jaria thanks for her FCT PhD grant (SFRH/BD/138388/2018) supported by the National Funds and FSE, POCH (Programa Operacional Capital Humano), and the European Union. María V. Gil acknowledges support from a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC-2017-21937) of the Spanish Government, co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF