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Metformin Versus GLP-1 for Therapeutic Potential in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Get PDFPurpose: When patients with polycystic ovary syndrome fail conservative options for weight loss, utilizing medications such as metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be considered. Metformin has been the first line agent for treating weight loss and improving menstrual frequencies in polycystic ovary syndrome; however, a newer medication class, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, may be more effective.
Methods: A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Summon. There were 970 results returned, and after careful consideration, five sources were selected for this review. The studies include one single center retrospective cohort study and four systematic reviews. The studies ultimately compared weight loss, body mass index, insulin resistance levels, and menstrual frequencies. Studies must have been published between 2018 to 2023, utilized metformin and or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as the treatment, diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, and measure weight loss.
Results: Patients receiving treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists had larger improvements in weight loss, body mass index reduction, and lowering insulin resistance. There was no significant difference between metformin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in increasing menstrual frequencies.
Conclusion: Utilizing metformin and GLP-1 are both beneficial treatment options for weight loss and increasing menstrual frequencies in patients with PCOS. GLP-1 were far more efficacious in weight loss, body mass index reduction, and lowering insulin resistance levels. There was no significant difference in improving menstrual cycle frequencies between metformin and GLP-1.
Keywords: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, polycystic ovary syndrome, obesity, weight loss, metformin, menstrual frequenc
Exploring New Treatment Methods in Sports Related Concussions
Get PDFQuestion: In adolescents and young adults suffering from sports related concussions, does initial aerobic exercise management shorten recovery time compared to rest?
Objective: This paper will review current literature to assess the effectiveness and safety of aerobic exercise after sports-related concussions in young athletes.
Methods: A literature review was performed using the search engines of Pub-Med, Google Scholar, and Valpo Summons.
Results: Subthreshold aerobic exercise has been shown to have beneficial effects on recovery times, return to sport, and symptomatic reporting compared to placebo programs or rest in young athletes suffering from SRC.
Key Words: concussion, sports-related, adolescent, exercise, exercise therapy, rest, recovery
Improving Fertility in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Metformin versus Clomiphene
Get PDFObjective: To compare efficacy rates of metformin as monotherapy versus clomiphene, an ovulation inducer, in increasing pregnancy rates among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: Multiple databases were explored to compile a list of potential sources to answer the main study question. Multiple search terms and various combinations of the terms were used including PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome, Clomid, Metformin, pregnancy, and ovulation. After applying inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, five sources were selected. Two meta-analyses, two randomized control trials, and one prospective cross-sectional study were selected. Primary endpoints included live birth rates and clinical pregnancy rates. Results from each study were compared to decide if metformin as monotherapy was as effective as clomiphene in increasing pregnancy rates in women with PCOS.
Results: Metformin as monotherapy does improve pregnancy rates more than no medical treatment. However, combined therapy of metformin plus clomiphene provided the most statistically significant increase in live birth rates and clinical pregnancy rates.
Conclusion: Combination therapy, metformin plus clomiphene citrate, proves to be the most effective treatment option to increase rates of pregnancy as well as live birth rate among women with PCOS who are infertile. However, monotherapy of either is better than no treatment at all.
Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, metformin, clomiphene, ovulation, pregnancy, infertility, live birth rate, hormones, comorbiditie
Emotional Labor, Worker Solidarity, and Safety Concerns Among Police and Nurses
Get PDFTo understand the connections among emotional labor, solidarity, and safety, this study interviewed 19 police officers and 20 nurses. Data analysis with words as the unit of analysis engaged both deductive and inductive processes. This qualitative study demonstrates that, despite numerous differences, both nursing and police have a professional focus on safety. However, while nurses’ safety concerns are first for their patients, police offers’ first concern of safety must be for themselves and their co-workers. Additionally, nurses and police differ in why they perform emotional labor. Nurses engaged in emotional labor in order for their charges to feel closer to them, while police engaged in emotional labor in order to create distance between themselves and the community members they encountered. For both professions, solidarity and teamwork increased nurses’ and police officers’ abilities to engage in the necessary emotional labor, handle challenges, and better succeed in securing safety
A Multimodal Approach to Decreasing Hesitancy of the Influenza Vaccine in the Family Care Setting
Get PDFThe uptake of the influenza vaccine is the most effective and proactive action an individual can take to defend themselves against the influenza outbreak each season; therefore, it is recommended that everyone at least six months of age and older should receive the annual flu vaccine (CDC, 2022; WHO, 2023). Unfortunately, influenza vaccine hesitancy is demonstrated on a global level affecting the uptake compliance annually each influenza season despite the millions of people that experience influenza symptoms annually (CDC, 2022, WHO, n.d.; Healthy People 2030, n.d.). The PICOT question for this project was in adults, over the age of 18, who are eligible for the influenza vaccine, does the combination of phone call reminders, education, a CDC hand out, and provider recommendation compared to the prior intervention of asking if they would like the influenza vaccine during the appointment, decrease influenza vaccine hesitancy, during 12 weeks of the influenza season? Convenience sampling done at scheduled appointments at a family practice site in northern Indiana was used to recruit 115 participants. Once recruited, participants completed a demographic form that included specific influenza information including their vaccine status from the previous year, if they would receive it this year, and identifying a barrier if refused vaccination. This multimodal intervention involved use of presumptive language, education, phone call reminders, provider recommendations, a take home CDC handout (Appendix B), and a knowledge test. Post intervention chart reviews through the electronic medical record were completed to determine how many individuals had a positive behavior change related to vaccine hesitancy. There was clinical significance demonstrated by an increase of 14. 8% in the total vaccinated population after implementation. A Chi Square of Independence was used to determine a statistical significance (x2 (1)=56.821, p \u3c .001) demonstrating effectiveness of the project multimodal approach. Findings from this project may help illustrate the importance of vaccination education and demonstrate the need to further research on interventions to decrease influenza vaccine hesitancy
Garage Sale Today: Senior Thesis Art Talk
No full textGarage Sale Today is a series of sculptural oil paintings made with found objects. Every spring, tables filled with children’s books and old holiday decorations begin to line home driveways. New beginnings mean letting go of past pieces of ourselves. My paintings are inspired by trompe l’oeil, literally “fools the eye,” an optical illusion that tricks viewers into being unable to perceive painting from reality. By breaking down the distinction between real and not, my work puts the viewer in the position of a buyer trying to find meaning and value in what I’ve left behind
Pinhole Valparaiso
No full textValparaiso University is a place of diversity, of differing perspectives on the world at large. Every student approaches Valparaiso with a unique lens with which they view the world. We students in the Communications department know that more than anyone, with all of our colleagues having very different approaches to photographing the world. The sensibilities that we possess in photography are influenced by the physical camera lenses, which separate our approaches to how images are taken. For this project, we wish to eliminate the differences in our art that come as a result of the physical lens by removing it entirely. By replacing our lenses with pinholes, we help to equalize our various cameras to help to illustrate that unique lens that is our own photographic sensibilities.
For this project, we have six photographers who all have very different styles, but who will all take pictures with their pinhole lenses. Everyone will choose an area around Valparaiso campus to capture, and extensively document it in their photos. We will deliberate and choose the best photos of each photographer to include in our SOURCE presentation, with everyone contributing at least one
Maggots in the hot tub
No full textMyiasis is the larval infestation of living tissues by Dipteran larvae, including humans. In forensics, myiasis plays a role in cases of abuse or neglect. Accurate temperatures are crucial for age determination of the larvae. An experiment was conducted to determine the difference between ambient temperature and temperature larvae experience when on a wound. Larvae were placed in a foil cup containing chicken liver. The cups were then placed into a water bath heated to approximately to 37°C. The temperatures inside the cups as well as the ambient temperature were collected every 30 seconds for the duration of the trials through a data logger. After running an anova on the data, it was found that there was a significant difference in the ambient temperature and the temperature within the cups. The f-ratio value found was 841.78851. The p-value is \u3c .00001. Tukey post hoc tests showed that the ambient temperature was significantly different than all of the liver cups. Learning more about the difference between ambient temperature and the temperature of larval infested conditions can assist in the creation of more accurate estimates in relation to the timeline of myiasis. This information can then be used to further improve the investigation of cases of injury or death related to myiasis
Simulating Pulsar Magnetospheres Using Magnetohydrodynamics
Get PDFPulsars are rotating neutron stars with periodic bursts of radio emission. These enigmatic objects allow us to peer into matter and electromagnetic fields at their most extreme. In this project, we seek to study the evolution of a pulsar\u27s magnetosphere. We use PLUTO, an astrophysical fluid dynamics code, to perform magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. As a first step, we reproduce the works of other authors simulating a stable hydrodynamical disk. We then aim to study the evolution of various types of accretion disks around neutron stars with the introduction of magnetic fields. Our work focuses on accretion characteristics, such as quasi-periodic oscillations, which are not yet well-understood, but thought to be a result of unstable equatorial flows known as tongues
Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann Law to Filament
No full textExperimental physics is a branch of physics that conducts experiments and is concerned with data acquisition in order to study interesting phenomena. One of these observable phenomena is the Stefan–Boltzmann law, which describes how radiation from a blackbody is dependent on temperature to the fourth power, and is equal to power. An object is called a blackbody when it absorbs all electromagnetic energy that interacts with that object. Blackbody radiation is radiation that is emitted by an object when it is in thermal equilibrium and emits radiation along the continuous spectrum of wavelengths. With the Stefan–Boltzmann law in mind, a multimeter can be used to calculate the power, and plotting power against temperature to the fourth should produce a linear relationship, with the slope being the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. This relationship was found to be consistent at high temperatures, but seemed to not hold much influence at lower temperatures