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What American Executives Can Learn from Japanese Leadership
Get PDFJapanese leadership has encompassed worldwide success. For example, Toyota is an example of a leading and successful Japanese company. With its new and creative ideas, this company was able to rebuild the marginalized image of Japanese vehicles in the international business scene and take a large share of the car market in the world. We identified 5 secrets of success and long-term survival of Japanese companies: strategy, social capital, new competencies, leadership development, and systems approach. We will examine each and address how CEOs can emulate the success of Japanese leadership
Evolving Leadership and Increased Wisdom – Understanding Ethical Leadership
Get PDFLaying the foundation for understanding ethical leadership, we begin this paper by identifying a framework for understanding the leader’s roles based upon five dimensions for understanding leadership’s duties and responsibilities. We present a model for ethical decision making that addresses the complex factors of ethical decision-making based upon a virtuous continuum. We then review five levels of leadership identified by Jim Collins (2001) in his research about leaders – identifying the special significance of Level 5 leaders who enabled their companies to evolve from “Good” to “Great.” We describe the characteristics of leaders in each of Collins’ five leadership levels and offer insights about the implicit ethical assumptions that accompany each leader. We conclude the paper by identifying seven contributions of the paper to the leadership literature and offer encouragement to individuals seeking to evolve their leadership skills, develop greater wisdom, and become more ethical leaders in the service of others
If These Walls Could Talk: An Institutional Perspective on Values-Based Leadership
Get PDFScholars usually conceptualize values-based leadership (VBL) as a subset of transformational leadership. By contrast, we see VBL as a form of leadership in its own right, having theoretical roots in institutional theory. Building on recent Scandinavian contributions to VBL, we develop our argument by delineating VBL from transformational leadership and proposing a conceptualization of VBL that is consistent with Selznick’s theory of institutional leadership. Specifically, we see VBL as an approach that involves focused attention throughout the organization to desired practices and critical reflection on values, emphasizing the leader’s role as a facilitator of values work and protector of existing and emerging values
No One Listens to Melian: When Women Speak and Men Ignore Them in Middle-earth
Get PDFThroughout J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth legendarium, opportunities exist for male characters to participate in and learn from the wisdom and experience offered by female characters: what is remarkable is how often they fail to do so. The consequences of this failure are often considerable, ranging from a failed marriage (Aldarion and Erendis) to the loss of an entire kingdom (Melian and Thingol). However, on one occasion where a female character, Aredhel, is listened to, she is then severely punished via the narrative. The question must therefore be asked – what is Tolkien telling us about this gendered space of learning
Moths of the Douglas Lake Region (Emmet and Cheboygan Counties), Michigan: VIII. Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera)
Get PDF98 species of Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) including 46 state records are documented from Emmet and Cheboygan Counties at the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. This is the first comprehensive listing of this family from anywhere in the region, probably because positive identification in this family often requires genitalic dissection. This list brings the total number of Lepidopteran species known from the University of Michigan Biological Station area to 1265
Host plant resistance of Viburnum taxa for the viburnum leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Get PDFThirty-five native and exotic Viburnum taxa were evaluated in a series of no-choice (NC) and multiple-choice (MC) laboratory feeding bioassays, and field defoliation studies for their relative susceptibility, palatability, and preference for viburnum leaf beetle (VLB) (Pyrrhalta viburni Paykull) larvae and adults. Overall, larval field defoliation was consistent with adult field defoliation, and adult VLB field defoliation mirrored the results from the NC laboratory feeding studies. Collectively, there was no significant difference in field defoliation between Asian and North American Viburnum taxa but leaf thickness was a good predictor for both the percent leaf tissue removed in NC laboratory feeding bioassays and field defoliation of Asian Viburnum taxa but not for North American taxa. The amount of leaf tissue removed in the NC laboratory feeding bioassays was related to leaf thickness, but not for larval and adult field defoliation. Field defoliation was not related to the MC laboratory feeding preference bioassays, leaf thickness, lignin content or upper and lower leaf trichome density. Leaf chemical analysis for less to highly susceptible Viburnum taxa revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid (CGA). Viburnum rafinesquianum, V. opulus, V. sargentii, V. sargentii ‘Flavum’, and V. prunifolium were more closely associated chemically and were more highly preferred; exceptions being V. sargentii, and V. sargentii ‘Flavum’ compared with V. bitcshiuense, V. burejaeticum, and V. mongolica which had higher levels of CGA, but were the least susceptible to feeding in both the field defoliation survey, and NC laboratory feeding bioassays. Overall, the amount of leaf tissue removed in the NC and MC laboratory feeding bioassays, and field defoliation was not related to either upper or lower leaf trichome density, but upper and lower trichome density was strongly consistent within individual taxa. Collectively, trichome density, leaf thickness, and CGA levels do not appear to affect the susceptibility of Viburnum taxa for feeding by the VLB. There appears to be a large pool of Asian Viburnum taxa available for future plant breeding programs
The effect of temperature and vegetative substrate on the short-distance dispersal behavior of an invasive weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to a protected dune thistle
Get PDFThe invasion of a seed-eating weevil, Larinus carlinae (Olivier, 1807) poses a threat to the persistence of native Pitcher\u27s thistle (Cirsium pitcheri), a federally-threatened plant in sand dune communities of the western Great Lakes. At Whitefish Dunes (Sturgeon Bay, WI. USA), seed predation by weevils is higher for thistles surrounded by native marram grass (Ammophila breviligulata) than for those located in sandy habitats. In this study, we observed how the local abiotic and biotic environment affects the short-distance dispersal behavior of L. carlinae. Weevils were captured on site and individually released on the sand approximately 0.35 m from target thistle replicates to determine the extent to which weevils used vegetative substrate to reach their host. Weevils spent significantly more time walking or resting on grass substrate than on ground-level sand or debris, and weevils were more likely to reach the host plant directly from grass neighbors. Sand surface temperature negatively affected the proportional time dispersing weevils spent on sand relative to grass and debris. We found evidence for both refuge-mediated and dispersal-mediated effects of grass neighbors on weevil short-distance movement onto host plants. Grass neighbors may provide a refuge from extreme sand temperatures, and the grass matrix may serve as a conduit for L. carlinae movement in unstable sand dune habitats. However, adding cut grass stems to bare sand-surrounded thistles did not affect host preference in a subsequent choice experiment. These results highlight the importance of maintaining bare sand habitat in dune communities to maximize C. pitcheri reproductive success in the face of weevil invasion
The Efficacy of Continuous Versus Luteal SSRI Dosing in PMDD
No full textThis research aims to determine whether intermittent (luteal phase) or continuous selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) dosing is more effective in reducing symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). A structured literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Christopher Center Library database. Search terms included “PMDD,” “premenstrual dysphoric disorder,” “SSRIs,” “continuous dosing,” “intermittent dosing,” and “luteal phase.” Inclusion criteria were English-language studies involving adult women with full-text availability and examining continuous and/or intermittent SSRI use. Exclusion criteria included non-English publications, unavailable full texts, and pediatric populations.
Sixteen sources were selected: five empirical studies (randomized controlled trials and observational studies) and eleven clinical guidelines or supplemental overviews. Due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures, a narrative synthesis was used to compare treatment efficacy and clinical considerations.
SSRIs are effective in reducing emotional symptoms of PMDD, but no consensus exists regarding the optimal dosing regimen. One review suggested continuous dosing may be more effective than luteal-phase dosing, while other studies found no significant difference between the two approaches. Given small sample sizes and limited data, conclusions remain tentative.
Both dosing strategies appear beneficial. Treatment decisions should be based on shared decision-making, considering factors such as menstrual cycle regularity, medication adherence, and withdrawal risk. In the absence of a clear clinical indication or patient preference, continuous dosing may be preferred due to preliminary evidence suggesting greater efficacy and its relative simplicity. Overall, SSRI dosing for PMDD should be personalized to optimize outcomes
Best Practices in Pediatric Pain Management: Preventing Chronic Pain and Opioid Dependency Through Early and Non-Pharmacological Interventions
No full textThis capstone project explores the relationship between pediatric chronic pain and the subsequent development of long-term adult chronic pain conditions. It aims to highlight the significance of non-pharmacological interventions, such as biofeedback, in pediatric pain management to reduce reliance on opioids and mitigate the risk of chronic pain in adulthood. The project also seeks to inform future healthcare providers of evidence-based, alternative approaches that complement or replace pharmacological treatments in pediatric populations
Therapeutic Benefits of Boxing, Dancing, and Singing in Parkinson\u27s Disease Management
No full textObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of boxing, dancing, and singing as movement-based interventions on motor symptoms, quality of life, cognition, and depression in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson\u27s disease (PD).
Methods: A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar with terms including Boxing, Dance, Singing, MDS, and Parkinson\u27s disease. Studies were included if participants had a confirmed diagnosis, engaged in a movement-based intervention, and were either on or off PD medication. Exclusion criteria included the presence of other health conditions, inability of complete the intervention, or advanced disease symptoms that limited participation. Key outcomes assessed were mobility, agility, speech, daily functioning, cognition, and mental health.
Results: Boxing interventions showed improvements in motor symptoms measured by the MDS-UPDRS III and TUG tests, with one study noting a reduction in depression using the MDS-NMS scale, though no significant changes in quality of life were found. Dance interventions improved motor function, but results for quality of life and cognition measured by MoCA were mixed. Singing therapy was associated with improvements in motor function and vocal loudness, and was linked to reduced depression in patients and decreased caregiver anxiety, as measured by the DASS scale.
Conclusion: The movement therapies of boxing, dancing, and singing show promise as complementary approaches for individuals with PD, particularly for motor symptom improvement. However, individual responses vary based on personal interest and motivation. While these findings are encouraging, further research is needed to confirm their benefit across larger and more diverse populations