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Tolkien and Attachment Theory : a Theory to Bind Them All?
Get PDFTolkien and Attachment theory: One Theory to Bind Them All?
Ever since the first publication of The Hobbit in 1937, Tolkien’s works have been dominating the fantasy genre, often imitated but rarely equalled. Dozens of scholars over decades have looked for the reason behind this success, the secret ingredient that made Middle-earth so compelling.
Nicole Guédeney is a French psychiatrist specializing in Attachment Theory. Attachment Theory emerged in the early 20th century and combines psychology with anthropology and ethnology to explore the early attachments created between a baby and the adults surrounding them and how these attachments determine the baby’s interactions, capacity to rely on others and to overcome trials and tragedies later in life.
In her paper “The Lord of the Rings, or how to survive despair and fear: An Attachment Theory reading”, Nicole Guédeney makes a compelling case for this theory as a critical approach to study and understand the interactions and character developments in Tolkien’s writings. Through attachment theory, The Lord of the Rings becomes a blueprint of resilience in the face of adversity.
This paper will lay out the principle of Attachment Theory, explain how Dr Guédeney analyses both Tolkien and his works through the lenses of that theory, and broaden the applicability of Attachment Theory to Tolkien’s works as a whole, opening the way for a new perspective on character analysis in Middle-earth
Localized Field Migration of the Adult Alfalfa Weevil, Clover Leaf Weevil, and Clover Root Curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Its Implication for a Fall Pest Management Program
Get PDFThe migration of the alfalfa weevil, clover leaf weevil and clover root curculio from aestivation sites into adjacent alfalfa fields was monitored with several different trapping systems. It was found that the initial dispersal back into alfalfa fields following aestivation was a slow gradual movement across the soil surface with flight occurring only after the insects had been in the alfalfa for several days
Size Reduction Southward in Michigan\u27s Mustard White Butterfly, Pieris Napi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
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The mustard white, Pieris napi (Linnaeus) is generally considered to be a circumboreal species or species-complex. Much disagreement exists regarding the classification in this group, the members of which are extremely diverse, especially in Eurasia. There is evidently a continuous range of differentiation, from local populations, through subspecies, to species, which nomenclature cannot fully reflect (Bowden 1972). In North America the major controversy has been whether the so-called West Virginia white, P. virginiensis Edwards, should be separated as a distinct species. Most writers today agree that it should. Of the mustard white in the Great Lakes area, the local subspecies is genelally treated as P. napi oleracea Hams (for summary ofthe taxonomicproblems, cf. Howe [1975]). This taxonoccurs extensively in Canada, and down into Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, where it becomes progressively less common southward. It is two-brooded, the members of the first brood commonly flying together with the univoltine virginiensis where their ranges overlap (Voss and Wagner 1956). Where they occur together, the two taxa are easily recognized and separated, but in the southern mountains, where napi is absent, the Appalachian form of virginiensis resembles the summer form of napi (Wagner 1978)
Assessing Indoor Air Quality in Industrialized Residential Areas Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Silicon Wristbands for VOC Detection
Get PDFIndoor air quality is often overlooked, yet it plays a critical role in human health, particularly for communities located in industrial zones where air pollution is prevalent. Exposure to volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can contribute to a range of health problems, including respiratory issues, neurological effects, and long-term chronic diseases. Understanding both indoor air quality and personal exposure to these pollutants is essential for evaluating public health risks, especially in residential areas near pollution-emitting industries. This study aims to assess VOC levels in both indoor environments and personal exposure in Northwest Indiana, particularly near industrial zones, with comparisons to areas not located near such pollution sources. VOCs, including common pollutants like phthalates, toluene, alkanes (e.g., hexadecane, octane, decane), and alcohols (e.g., 2-n-propyl-1-heptanol), were assessed through two passive sampling techniques: solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and silicon wristbands. SPME fibers, coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and divinylbenzene, were used to monitor indoor air quality by passively absorbing airborne compounds in residential homes. Silicon wristbands were used to track personal exposure by absorbing chemicals from both indoor and outdoor air when worn by volunteers. After the sampling period, the fibers were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify and quantify the VOCs. This dual approach–combining SPME fibers for indoor air monitoring and wristbands for personal exposure–provides a non-invasive, cost-effective, and sustainable method for assessing air quality and individual exposure levels. It also enables frequent monitoring and comparison between indoor and outdoor pollutant levels, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the health impacts of air pollution
“The Body of His Friendship”: Harmful and Healthy Masculinity in the Friendships of William Bankes in To the Lighthouse
No full textMuch of Virginia Woolf scholarship focuses on the damage of gender roles on women and their relationships, with little emphasis or acknowledgement on her thoughts on men and male roles. She does, however, write regarding both. This paper examines how gender roles shaped the success or failure of the friendships between William Bankes and the characters of Mr. Ramsay and Lily Briscoe in To the Lighthouse. The generational aspect of the novel lends itself to a comparison of Victorian and Modern gender roles and expectations. By examining Ramsay, Bankes and Briscoe within the context of these roles and expectations, it becomes clear that for Woolf Victorian standards impede the creation of deep friendships. In both the Modern and Victorian era, marriage was a priority for both men and women. Mr. Ramsey embodies a male gender norm, serving as the provider and “superior” in his marriage. He prioritizes this over developing an emotionally deep friendship with Bankes. At the same time, Ramsay is stuck in the past, choosing to repeat his past successes in this role instead of pursuing a satisfying reciprocal friendship. Briscoe, conversely, has no interest in a marriage deemed necessary by societal norms and is self-sufficient. As a result she is able to have a rich friendship with Bankes. Bankes himself is a widower, also unimpeded by gender norms, allowing him to pursue deeper friendships that exceed those norms. Bankes and Briscoe embody Woolf’s idea of an “androgynous mind” from A Room of One’s Own. Ramsey lacks this androgynous mind. However, he is able to approach this state by the end of the novel after the death of his wife, showing a newfound potential to create true reciprocal friendships
Induction Programs for Novice Teachers
No full textTeacher induction is a type of program which provides support to new teachers during their first few years of teaching. Induction programs can vary in content and format; components of an induction program can include new teacher orientation and seminars, mentorship, instructional coaches, and collaboration with other teachers and colleagues. Many new teachers leave their schools or the teaching profession because they feel overwhelmed, isolated, and unsupported. A comprehensive induction program can be beneficial to novice teachers by helping them build their confidence and competence in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of induction programs for new teachers and the perceptions they have of their induction support.
This case study explored the induction experiences of seven novice teachers who were all graduates of the same alternative certification program. Quantitative research analyzed survey responses through descriptive statistics. Qualitative research analyzed responses to open-ended interview questions. Interrater analysis was used to identify codes for the open-ended interview questions and six themes emerged from the interview responses: (a) collaboration, (b) support, (c)observation, (d) training/meetings, (e) self-efficacy, and (f) mentor support. Findings from this study have implications for induction design and structures to help to promote novice teacher development
The Effect of Midwest Precipitation Extremes on Growth Phenotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana: A Quantitative Genetics Perspective
Get PDFSeasonal precipitation patterns in the Great Lakes region of the Midwest are becoming increasingly unpredictable, with spring floods and extreme summer heat creating challenges to terrestrial plant life. Disruptions in climatic conditions can impact environmental conservation efforts and agriculture within the region. As a major exporter of corn and soybeans, the unprecedented effects faced in the Midwest will have a large influence on agricultural production and food availability. We simulated the effects of these extremes in precipitation on 100 Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines (RIL) to investigate gene-by-environment interactions on five growth and development phenotypes (days to germinate, bolt, leaf, seed maturity, and flower). We also performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis to identify regions of the genome that have effects on these traits. Through this QTL analysis, we were able to identify two QTL for time-to-flower and three QTL for time-to-bolt. The long-term goal of the project is to identify genes with an effect on plant survival and fitness in 21st century Indiana
Probing medicinal plants for novel antimicrobial compounds
Get PDFAccording to the W.H.O., infectious diseases account for three of the top ten global causes of death. Antimicrobial drug discovery surged in the mid-twentieth century but has sharply declined in recent years. At the same time, antimicrobial-resistant “superbug” infections are on the rise. Plants produce a robust array of novel metabolic compounds including many antimicrobial agents. However, with the advent of modern antibiotic drugs, natural plant-derived antibiotic sources have largely been left unexplored. Therefore, our work focuses on screening under explored medicinal plants in hopes of discovering novel antimicrobial drugs. To accomplish this, we have been testing extracts of plants found in the Valparaiso University medicinal garden for their effects against 12 microorganisms, both fungal and bacterial, of interest. To date, methanolic and hexane extracts of aerial, reproductive, and root portions of 15 unique plants have been screened, with five plants showing promising activity levels, including chokeberry, raspberry, lavender, yarrow, and calendula. Antimicrobial activities of the most active plant extracts are presented herein. Chokeberry methanol extracts have begun to be separated using column chromatography techniques to determine the specific antimicrobial compounds through analytical chemistry methods. These data highlight the importance of plants as an invaluable pharmaceutical resource at a time when antimicrobial drug discovery has plateaued
More Doodles than Details? A Look at Children\u27s Book Illustrations
No full textPurpose: Children connect images in books to real-life objects when the pictures are highly iconic, or realistic looking, known as iconicity (Ganea et al., 2008; Simcock & DeLoache, 2006). However, it is unknown to what extent children’s books include highly realistic images. While iconicity benefits learning, do parents select books that feature images with high iconicity? This study examines the level of iconicity in the most frequently checked-out books from libraries in six Indiana counties.
Procedure: Based on circulation data from 2023, the top 100 picture books from each library were selected (N=600). We are using an existing coding scheme for the level of detail developed by Wagner (2017). Books are classified as simple lines, basic drawings, detailed drawings, photographs, or mixed.
Results: The majority of books contain basic drawings. Of the 405 total books coded; 217 are basic drawings, 150 are detailed drawings, 10 are mixed styles, 16 are photographs, and 12 are simple line drawings.
Conclusions: The results of this study recognize the importance of iconicity in children’s books. The study aims to determine whether parents buy books with detailed images that are more supportive of learning. Very few books contained highly iconic images - photographs. We also see that detailed images occurred less than basic drawings. Parents, caregivers, educators, and book publishers should know about book image features that foster children\u27s learning. These findings could influence parents’ choices, early childhood education, and library programming