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Organizational Factors that May Contribute to Physician Burnout
No full textBurnout is pervasive in the healthcare industry and is disproportionately affecting physicians. Burnout is defined as a psychological response to chronic workplace stress that is manifested as physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced self-efficacy. Even though there is comprehensive research on physician burnout—particularly physician driven—this research aims to highlight the importance of how healthcare organizations negatively contribute to physician’s workplace stress.
The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was used to measure the presence of burnout. The Areas of Worklife Survey (AWS) was used to measure the incongruence between the job and the person. Results (n=198) from the OLBI indicated 37.4% reported symptoms of burnout. Additionally, 35.8% of the participants reported to be disengaged and 53% reported feelings of exhaustion. The results from each AWS subscale reporting a moderate to strong mismatch between the person and the job are as follows: Workload: 61.1%; Control: 31.3%; Reward: 27.3%; Community 18.7%; Fairness: 44.4%, and Values: 14.1%.
All correlations between the OLBI scales and the AWS subscales were significant (
Cold Words, Heartless and Miserable : Tolkien\u27s Approach to Supernatural Horror
No full textFor the most part, scholars of supernatural horror do not consider J. R. R. Tolkien a contributor to that genre, a conclusion supported by many Tolkien specialists. And yet, horror plays a major role in many of Tolkien’s works, specifically The Lord of the Rings. Indeed, “Fog on the Barrow-downs” is basically a tale of supernatural horror that Tolkien has incorporated into his epic. This article examines that chapter in that context, comparing it to a similar short story by E. F. Benson, and this approach not only highlights the links between Tolkien and contemporaneous supernatural horror—the shares themes and techniques that connect Tolkien’s fantasy to Benson’s ghost story—but also demonstrates that Tolkien, as a horror writer, could innovate and improve on his materials
The Family Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) in North Dakota
Full text linkNew records of mantidflies are given for the state of North Dakota. Climaciella brunnea (Say, 1824) is formally recorded, including the first precise locality records for the state. These records are for Barnes, Billings, Cass, Ransom, Richland and Slope counties. Dicromantispa sayi (Banks, 1897) is recorded for the first time in the state from Burleigh County. An illustrated key is provided to identify the species that occur in the state
Just War, Pacifism, and Inevitability of Conflict: Tolkien’s Changing Attitudes to War
Full text linkTolkien’s approach to war is often considered through the lens of “just war” theory. Its main principles are the necessity of a just cause for war, proper conduct in battle, and the use of proper weapons; if possible, war should be avoided. The Lord of the Rings suggests an ethical framework inspired by this theory; however, the earlier Legendarium is more accepting of military conflicts and their harsh reality. Tolkien\u27s attitude to war appears to shift in the mid-late 1930s, the time of intense debates about just war and pacifism among British Catholics. This paper discusses the evolution of his views of war in the context of these debates and proposes reading the war in The Lord of the Rings as a rejection of modern warfare
A New Species of Erioptera Meigen Crane Fly (Diptera: Limoniidae) From Michigan With Notes on Closely Related Species
Full text linkA new Nearctic species of Erioptera Meigen crane fly was discovered in Michigan, USA. It belongs to the green chlorophylla species group of the nominate subgenus. Erioptera michigana Taber sp. n. is most closely related to Erioptera subfurcifer Alexander but their reproductive structures are different. Their close relative Erioptera georgei Alexander is illustrated for the first time
Use of Interdisciplinary Rounds for the Identification of Hospitalized Adults in Need of Palliative Care
Full text linkPalliative care (PC) is specialized care that aims to provide relief from the stress and symptoms of living with a serious illness (Center to Advance Palliative Care, 2022). PC services are often underutilized in the hospital, leaving a significant number of patients with unmet needs (Haranis et al, 2023; Kawashima & Evans, 2023; Smith et al, 2019). The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to improve processes for identifying hospitalized patients for referral to specialty inpatient PC. The intervention involved interdisciplinary rounds (IDR) for adult inpatients on two medical-surgical (MESG) units in an 84-bed community hospital in suburban Milwaukee, WI. An educational tool addressing patient-centered PC criteria was created and distributed to the nursing staff of the MESG units and to the hospital medicine team. Additionally, the PC specialist attended IDRs on the two MESG units three days a week to foster collaboration between the PC specialty and generalist providers. A total of 52 patients were identified for PC referral from the two MESG during the intervention. The primary outcome was the PC penetration rate, the percentage of all hospital patients that are referred to specialty PC. Secondary measures were the pre-consult length of stay and 30-day readmission rate. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing was used to compare pre- and post-intervention metrics, however despite positive clinical trends, none of the outcomes demonstrated statistical significance. An increase in collaboration between the hospitalists and the PC specialist was noted, however staff nurses were not involved as much as anticipated. Further research is indicated to inform the timely recognition of PC need among hospitalized adults by non-PC specialist providers, including nursing
Description and Biology of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Michigan
Full text linkThe distribution of Michigan Bombinae was first studied by Milliron (1939). Records of Michigan bumblebees were included in Cockerell (1916) Franklin (1912). Lutz and Cockerell (1920). and Mitchell (1962). Other major studies in the Great Lakes Region were Chandler (1950) for Indiana, Medler and Carney (1%3) for Wisconsin, Husband (1966) for Michigan, Macfarlane (1974) for Ontario, LaBerge and Webb (1962) for Nebraska, Stevens (1948) for North Dakota, Frison (1926) for Illinois, and Neave (1933) for Manitoba. The purpose of this paper is to add to the information presented by Milliron (1939) and to complement the works by Chandler, Medler and Carney, and Macfarlane. Generic nomenclature follows Hurd in Krombein et al. (1979)
Fleas of the Norway Rat in the Superior, Wisconsin, Harbor Area (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae, Hystrichopsyllidae)
Full text linkThe occurrence of the fleas of the Norway rat, Rattus noruegicus (Berkenhout) was monitored in Superior, Wisconsin, for 12 months. A total of 441 fleas was recovered from 300 rat hosts. Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc), the northern rat flea, was the most abundant species found (94.1%) while Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes pseudagyrtes Baker (5.4%) and Megabothris asio asio (Baker) (0.5%) were also present. The flea index was highest (4.8) in July and lowest (0.2) in February and March. Forty-four percent of the rats examined were infested
Unequal Beginnings: The Motherhood Penalty and the Struggle for Paid Maternity Leave in the U.S.
No full textThis paper investigates the impact of paid maternity leave on the reentry rates of women into the labor force after the birth of a child. Paid maternity leave policy refers to a government benefit that allows women, and oftentimes their partners, to take time off work following the birth or adoption of a child. Additionally, the duration of this leave is also a significant factor in influencing women’s return to work.. The International Labor Organization has recommended that 18 weeks is the optimal duration of leave for the well-being of the mother and child. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, around 70% of women in the US do not have access to paid maternity leave of this recommended length. Researchers (Anderson, Binder, Krause 2002) have labeled the disadvantages manifest in the form of reduced career advancement opportunities and wage disparities as the “motherhood penalty.” The motherhood penalty can be attributed to the lack of paid maternity leave. Using cross-country data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, The World Bank, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, for the time period 1995 to present day, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the impact of paid maternity leave policies on labor force participation rates of women in the US and other countries. The findings of this paper will have significant policy implications for both the duration of paid maternity leave as well as the wage replacement rates for new mothers