38139 research outputs found
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Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV
No full textPrevalence and incidence of HIV among people aged 50 years and older continue to rise worldwide, generating increasing awareness among care providers, scientists, and the HIV community about the importance of brain health in older adults with HIV. Many age-related factors that adversely affect brain health can occur earlier and more often among people with HIV, including epigenetic ageing, chronic medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disease), and age-related syndromes (eg, frailty). Extensive dialogue between HIV community leaders, health-care providers, and scientists has led to the development of a multidimensional response strategy to protect and enhance brain health in people ageing with HIV that spans across public health, clinical spaces, and research spaces. This response strategy was informed by integrated ageing care frameworks and is centred on prevention, early detection, and management of brain health issues associated with HIV (eg, neurocognitive disorders), with specific considerations for low-resource or middle-resource countries. A collaborative, international, and data-informed update of the diagnostic criteria for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders is a cornerstone of the proposed response strategy. The proposed response strategy includes a dynamic, international, online knowledge hub that will provide a crucial community resource for emerging evidence on the brain health of people ageing with HIV
Stability of conical foundations on anisotropic clay: A comprehensive three-dimensional study on V-H-M failure envelopes
No full textThis paper is concerned with the V-H-M failure envelopes for conical foundations under combined loadings on anisotropic clay. The study employs the three-dimensional finite element limit analysis (3D FELA) technique and utilizes the well-established Anisotropic Undrained Shear (AUS) failure criteria. The focus of the study is on evaluating the influences of the cone apex angle (β) and the anisotropic factor (re) on the bearing capacity of conical foundations subjected to external forces of vertical force (V), horizontal force (H), and moment (M). The combinations of V-H, V-M, and H-M load spaces are analyzed using dimensionless output parameters (V/suTCA, H/suTCA, M/suTCAD), and the various characteristics of failure mechanisms of the conical foundation are examined. Alongside FELA, the study introduces an innovative machine learning approach using Categorical Boosting (CATBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) to evaluate the correlation between input parameters and their outcomes. The proposed machine learning models are rigorously verified and validated with the CATBoost model, showing exceptional agreement with numerical results, as demonstrated by an impressive R2 value of 99.99 %. The present study is a practical and efficient method for evaluating the 3D failure envelope of conical foundations on anisotropic clay under general loading conditions in (V-H-M) space
Building personal and relational readiness for collaborative teacher mentoring through the intellectual virtues
Get PDFPurpose
Contemporary early career teacher (ECT) mentoring approaches have largely aspired to shift towards a more non-hierarchic and mutually beneficial learning partnership approach. Such mentoring can be challenging to achieve. We report on a project that sought to further understand how intellectual virtues, such as intellectual courage, open-mindedness and humility, may be mobilised to prepare ECTs and mentors for more collaborative mentoring conversations.
Design/methodology/approach
Using qualitative case study research design, we collected data from 31 mentors and ECTs across two states in Australia engaged in professional learning focused on developing mentors’ and ECTs’ understanding of intellectual virtues as a resource for mentoring conversations. Data were generated from online professional learning activities, a questionnaire and field notes from school site visits and thematically analysed.
Findings
ECTs and mentors reported an increased self-awareness of their dispositional strengths and limitations and heightened confidence to engage in conversations that were more equal and open. Teachers perceived the deployment of intellectual virtues for mentoring to have personal, relational and learning benefits.
Originality/value
Numerous mentoring studies have espoused the value of mentoring that takes a co-constructivist and deeply relational approach, yet there is limited guidance provided to teachers as to how such an approach may be achieved. This paper innovatively draws on intellectual virtues as a cognitive construct to explore this issue and makes an empirical contribution to understanding how to prepare mentors and early career teachers for non-hierarchical and relational mentoring conversation
Multi-view Few-shot Reasoning for Emerging Entities in Knowledge Graphs
Get PDFA knowledge graph (KG) is a form of representing knowledge of the objective world. With the expansion of knowledge, KGs frequently incorporate new entities, which often possess limited associated data, known as few-shot features. Addressing the missing knowledge for these emerging entities is crucial practically, but there are significant challenges due to data scarcity. Previously developed methods based on knowledge graph embedding (KGE) and graph neural networks (GNNs) focusing on instance-level KGs are confronted with challenges of data scarcity and model simplicity, rendering them inapplicable to reasoning tasks in few-shot scenarios. To tackle these issues, we propose a multi-view few-shot KG reasoning method for emerging entities. The primary focus of our method lies in resolving the problem of link prediction for emerging entities with limited associated triples from multiple perspectives. Distinct from previous methods, our approach initially abstracts a concept-view KG from the conventional instance-view KG, enabling the formulation of commonsense rules. Additionally, we employ the aggregation of multi-hop subgraph features to enhance the representation of emerging entities. Furthermore, we introduce a more efficient cross-domain negative sampling strategy and a multi-view triple scoring function based on commonsense rules. Our experimental evaluations highlight the effectiveness of our method in few-shot contexts, demonstrating its robustness and adaptability in both cross-shot and zero-shot scenarios, significantly outperforming existing models in these challenging settings
Industrial espionage: window of opportunity
Get PDFTechnological solutions cannot completely protect companies and governments from human actors driven by money, greed, or simply the thrill of the steal. In fact, each technological countermeasure for industrial espionage is itself the product of human decision-making attempting to preempt and inhibit the decisions and actions of the industrial spy. Nobody knows for sure who the spy is. And the spy doesn’t know for sure that he hasn’t already been detected or, even if he hasn’t, whether his plans will succeed, and his desired payoffs attained. Searching, deciding, detecting, and stopping the industrial spy when both sides of the game face risk and uncertainty is the subject matter of this paper. We focus on closing the spy’s window of opportunity
Exploring provider perspectives of the STEM club landscape: findings from one Australian state
Get PDFSTEM clubs, often located in extracurricular settings, are designed to promote engagement and enjoyment of STEM-related topics and concepts. Given the current policy landscape, a closer examination of STEM clubs is warranted. This paper explores the opportunities and challenges presented by these programs by drawing on interviews with nine STEM club providers in Queensland, a state in north-eastern Australia. The study aims to elucidate the key elements perceived to contribute to the effectiveness and success of STEM clubs, whether school-based, library-based, or run by private businesses for profit. Through inductive thematic analysis, three prominent themes emerged: visioning, pedagogical design and intent, and facilitation. The analysis reveals that Queensland's STEM club context presents significant opportunities for authentic STEM learning and teaching, however, it also identifies challenges to be addressed, including recruiting facilitators who possess expertise in STEM knowledge and skills, possess the necessary confidence and ability to design and implement STEM activities, while also being able to engage and connect with student participants effectively. The findings have implications for STEM-related activities in other informal learning environments
Terahertz Frequency Domain Response for Insulation State Assessment of Vehicle Cable Terminal Under Electro-Thermal Aging
No full textTo accurately diagnose the aging condition of the vehicle-mounted high-voltage cable terminals under the combined electro-thermal stress, this paper proposes a terahertz frequency spectrum technology-based method. Firstly, an electro-thermal aging platform is established in the laboratory to obtain the test samples of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) cable terminals with different aging gradients. After then, the degree of electro-thermal aging is characterized by frequency spectrum, absorption coefficient spectrum, absorption spectrum, refractive index and dielectric constant in the terahertz domain. Moreover, the micro-morphology and micro-area structure of the test samples under different aging gradients are also observed by scanning electron microscopy, and both the material and chemical properties are analyzed. The findings demonstrate that terahertz frequency spectra offer significant benefits in non-destructively detecting and identifying the insulation condition of vehicle cable terminals during electro-thermal aging. Laboratory tests confirm the feasibility of utilizing the terahertz frequency spectrum to assess the insulation aging state of EPR cable terminals, making it potentially applicable for on-site purposes
From crisis to Stability: How CSR shielded firms during Covid-19 pandemic
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and firm risk, as well as the moderating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in this relationship. Using 22,451 firm-year observations from 62 countries between 2018 and 2021, the study finds a marked increase in firm risk due to the economic disruptions caused by the pandemic. However, firms with strong CSR performance exhibit greater resilience, highlighting CSR's critical role in crisis management and risk mitigation beyond ethical compliance. Additional analysis shows that the effects of the pandemic and the moderating role of CSR performance vary by country-level business culture and economic environment. The findings highlight the importance of integrating CSR into corporate strategy to enhance resilience and manage risk during crises. We also show that stakeholder management serves as an underlying mechanism linking the interaction between CSR performance and the COVID-19 pandemic to firm risk. The study also advocates for policy support to strengthen CSR initiatives, offering actionable insights for managers and policymakers in fostering corporate preparedness for future challenges
Sesame Grower Guide Factsheet
Get PDFThis sesame grower guide factsheet comes from the research project, Great Northern Spices and includes information to support producers.
Research was conducted across Northern Australian sites of Central Queensland, North Queensland, Katherine/Douglas Daly region of the NT, and Kununurra/ Ord region of WA.
Grower guides have been produced for sesame, fennel and kalonji as part of this research project.
Grower guide factsheets include:
- Quick grower facts
- Production potential and markets
- Crop establishment
- Sowing and water management
- Crop rotation and nutrition
- Harvest management
- Pests and management
- Weeds and managemen