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Bio-ecological study of river estuaries in Guilan province
Get PDFThe Caspian Sea with brackish water is known as typical environment due to geo position, precious biota and the largest land-enclosed drainage area in the world. Macrobenthos were performed the main group of the Caspian Sea fauna. While they use as environmental bio-assessment, they have not completely studied in the Caspian Sea especially in estuaries environments. In this survey were studied eighteen river estuaries in Guilan province off Caspian sea southwest including Asrara, Chelevand, Lemir, Havigh, Shirabad, Khotbesara, Lisar, Karganroud, Navroud, Nokandekeh, Sefidrud, Heshmatrud, Langerud, Polerud and Chabokrud. The macro-invertebrate sampling was conducted seasonally at eight stations during autumn 2008 to autumn 2009. The macrobenthos organisms were identified as possible level in genus or species. The Shannon Wiener diversity and the Hilsenhoff biotic indices were used for evaluation of environmental quality. In this study, 69 genus identified that belong to 36 families and 16 orders. The most presentation of genus belongs to Chironomidae family with twenty six genus while others families were included forty three genus. The most average of macro-invertebrate abundance belong to order of Diptera with 35 %, subsequently the abundance of Amphipoda and Bivalvia orders occupied the second rank with 8.2 %. Orders Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Cumacea had a low abundance during the study, however the Polychaeta showed a high abundance in some seasons and stations (up to 25%). The Plecoptera was rarely observed in some stations with high abundance. The Stenogammarus genus had the normally distribution during study, while Chironomidae genera as Eukifferiella and Cricotopus were measured in the high abundance during autumn 2008 to spring 2009. While Streblospio and Limnodrilus had the high presentation during winter and spring 2009, Cerastoderma sp. showed a high percentage in spring and summer 2009. The result of Shannon Wiener index values showed a significantly difference among regions for most seasons. There was also observed significantly difference for diversity values among stations in different seasons. According to Hilsenhoff biotic index for water quality classification; the most stations had good quality in spring 2009, while they were slightly and moderately good condition in winter 2009. The water quality of the Caspian Sea stations was in good condition as compared with the rivers estuary stations
Evaluate the impact of dietary herbal appetizer on the growth performance of growth out shrimps (Liptopenaeus vannamei)
Get PDFThe main goal of the current study is to evaluate the impact of dietary herbal appetizer on the growth performance of growth out shrimp. This project was conducted at Caspian sea research institute of ecology from 2014 to 2016. Totally 180shrimps with an average weight of 2 g were randomly distributed to 9 fiberglass tanks with area and depth of 1m^2 and of 0.6 m. The experiment lasted for eight weeks and the shrimp were fed by three different diets as follows: 1. Commercial pellet contained no herbal additive (control diet) 2. Commercial pellet contained 1% herbal appetizer and 3. Commercial pellet contained 2% herbal appetizer. The results showed that prawn weight gains for diet 1 , 2 and 3 were 6.28, 5.68 and 6.07 respectively. The estimated growth rate was 2.34g for control diet, 2.22g for 1% inclusion of the additive and 2.28g for 2% inclusion of the additive. Results also showed that inclusion of the additive did not change statistically average final weight (p>0.05). A larger weight gain was observed at 0% additive inclusion although this was not statistically different with other treatments. In conclusion, with regard to the observed results, herbal appetizer administration cannot improve growth, feed conversion rate and weight gain in common carps
Quantitative evaluation and identification of fungi in Shahid Rajaeii Dam Lake, Mazandaran Province (Sari)
Get PDFThe present study is carried out to investigate the fungal species present in water of Shahid Rajaeii damlake in Sari, (Mazandaran province). Samples were taken from five stations including, Station 1: Input of Shirinrud river, station 2: Input of Sefidrud river, Station 3: The confluence of the two branches, Station 4: dam crest and stations 5: Output dam from June to February 2012. Every sample was diluted by sterile saline (10-1 and 10-2) and 0.5 mL from each dilution was cultured on SD and incubated at 27-30°C for 3-5 days. Finally, the number of colonies wasrecorded as (colony forming unit = CFU) per 100 mL. Identification of fungal agents were conducted by slide culture preparation and stained in lacto-phenol blue. The results showed that in August and February were significantly highest and lowest rates of fungal colonies were isolated from water in different stations respectively. Moreover, the number of fungal colonies in the crown and the output was significantly higher than other stations. The frequency of identified fungi were: Aspergillus species (31.4%), various types of yeast (mainly Candida) (24.2%), Penicillium sp. (19.3%), Cladosporium sp.(10.3%), Mucor sp. (5.4%), Fusarium sp. (2.9%), sterile hype (2.8%), Alternaria sp. (2.3%) and Paecilomyces sp. (1.4%)
Study of benthic macro invertebrates in the Anzali lagoon
Get PDFThe Anzali wetland (37.28N – 49.25E) with less than 100 km2 surface area is located in the southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea in the Guilan province. The benthic macro-invertebrates were studied as a part of a main project titled study of aquatic communities variation in the Anzali wetland. The sampling was performed at the 10 stations with using a Van-Veen grab during 2014-2015. The results showed, 14 macro-invertebrates taxa were identified as Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) and Tubificidae (Annelida, Oligochaeta), they were dominated in the wetland. The maximum and minimum densities of macro-invertebrates were observed with 609±1119 and 93.32±27.92 n/m^2 respectively at the stations 5 and 1. The silt-clay constitute more than 85 percentage of the wetland sediments with maximum of 93.2±27.92 percentage at the 2 station and minimum 72.21±27.92 at the 5 station. Kruskal Wallis non parametric test (sig. ≤0.05), revealed significant differences for all studied factors at stations while of %tom and grain size had no significant variation. The CCA analysis revealed no accordance of total organic matter (TOM ) and silt- clay percentage vectors with Tubificidae and total benthic frequencies, while Chironomidae frequency is in accordance. Intensifying eutrification process in the Anzali wetland has affected its biota as the benthic fauna are almost limited in to most tolerant taxa which reflect the day after day increasing pollution the Anzali wetland
The study of some trophic index in Anzali lagoon
Get PDFAnzali wetland is one of the most important ecosystem in the southern Caspian Sea, acts as a special ecotone between different ecosystems; terrestrial, the Caspian Sea, brackish and fresh water environments. The hydro chemical and nutrients parameters were monthly studied in 10 locations of Anzali wetland for one year from May 2014. Trophic status index was calculated by different parameters including chlorophyll a, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and transparency. Results showed that the annual average of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen were 1.023±0.523, 0.113± 0.105 and 8.71 ± 2.63 mgL^-1 respectively. While no significant difference was observed in total nitrogen (P>0.05), total phosphorus showed a significant difference (P<0.05) among locations. Chlorophyll a varied between 0.6 to 330 (average 47.4 ± 65.0) µgL^-1. EC varied between 254 and 14250 µm and had a significant difference among locations (p<0.05). The TN/TP was lower than 10 in Anzali wetland (except in western area) that show the limitation role of TP in eutrophication process. According to results while the western area and SiahKeshim are observed in eutrophic and super eutrophic status, the rest of regions are classified as hyper eutrophic status. Decrease of nutrient components from inlet rivers and to remove the aquatic plants in Anzali water bodies are recommended to control of eutrophication process in Anzali wetland
A survey on biodiversity of Cyprinid fishes of Iran
Get PDFA survey on Biodiversity of Cyprinidae family in Iran Cyprinidae family is the biggest and most important fish families with 367 Genera and 3006 species in the world. Members of this family is the most important freshwater species are present in a variety of freshwater ecosystems. Some of them can also live in brackish waters. Iran has about 93 species in the family Cyprinidae and consist half of the fishes in inland waters. In the past two decades many changes occurred in aquatic ecosystems, Fish habitat conditions changed and a lot of them are affected and some species are endangered or put under pressure. Restricted fish migration, Some Exotic species and have been entered in water resources and have narrowed arena on continued existence of native species. On the other hand, climate change and drought on water resources aggravate existing conditions. It is necessary effects of these changes in the family Cyprinidae be reviewed and analyzed
Introducing the best cell culture method for primary hepatocyte from orangespotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides
Get PDFLiver is one of the most important organs in vertebrates that have important roles in detoxifying. This organ was used as a target organ in many physiological and toxicological aspects. The main purpose of the present study was developing appropriate methodology for the primary cultivation of hepatic cells from orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, a subtropical fish species of the family Serranidae. In present study, hepatocytes were isolated from five grouper individuals. Initially, the fish wiped with 70% ethanol. Liver were removed and cut into small pieces with scissors and hepatocytes were disconnected using different enzymatic digestion with collagenase (Type 1 and 4) and trypsin and additional nutrient materials in culturing mediums. Then, cells were cultured for 2 weeks in Lebowitz L-15 under 3 methods: 1. using enzymatic digestion by trypsin, 2. using enzymatic digestion by collagenase (type 1 and 4) and 3. Using nutrients and additives was cultured. Finally, effects of different incubation temperature (20, 25, 28, 30 and 32 degree of Celsius) and Bovine serum content (0, 10 and 20% and 20%+ITS) on cell growth were estimated. According to the results, digestion by collagenase type 4, resulted in more cell colonization and growth in comparison with other methods. At the same method, cells showed fibroblastic morphology. In conclusion, the best culture method for primary hepatocyte from orange-spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, was using ITS+20%FBS under 30 degree of Celsius incubation temperature
Alkali based agar extraction by Gracilaria corticata from the Pakistani coast
Get PDFGracillaria corticata is abundantly found upon coast line of Pakistan during the months of July to September and it is naturally available rich source of polysaccharides which have commercial importance. In this study different alkalies were sorted out in a combination with physiochemical based agar extraction. The open vessel and steam boiler were studied in a comparison for suitability of NaOH, KOH and NH4OH, duration of heat treatment and NaOH concentration were also optimized. Maximum agar production, 12gm at wet condition was achieved through 1.5 hours heat treatment through steam boiler by the use of 5% NaOH
In vitro study of the effects of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on the liver,gill and kidney tissues,comet Assay and oxidative enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase),in roach (Rutilus rutilus) from the Caspian Sea
Get PDFIn this study, the effect of MTBE on liver, gill and kidney tissues, as well as comet assay and oxidative enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase in (Rutilus caspicus), have been investigated in laboratory conditions. For this purpose, the substrate concentrations of 50, 100.150 mg / L MTBE on changes in liver, gill and kidney tissues, as well as the rate of destruction of blood cell DNA and, finally, the effect of this contaminant on the activity level of oxidative enzymes catalase And superoxide dismutase the blood serum was studied based on sampling done on days 7, 14, 21 days after exposure to MTBE. To quantify the changes, Casp 1.2.3 bar1 software was used. Data analysis using SPSS software (Ver.21) was used for plotting the graphs from Excel 2013 software. According to the results between the concentrations of MTBE There is a positive and significant relationship between the SOD and CAT enzymes (P<0/01). In this way, with increasing MTBE, the activity of the SOD and CAT enzymes increases compared to the control group. The results of histological studies showed that the tissues exposed to MTBE were damaged and damaged, as well as the DNA of the cells. The blood was destroyed and damaged. The severity of injuries was higher at higher concentrations and over time
Open vessel and steam boiler methods for acid based agar extraction by Gracilaria corticata
Get PDFAgar is a commercially important biopolymer by marine algae and used up in various industries like microbiological, food, medicine, cosmetics. Acid based pretreatment is explored in this study for open vessel and steam boiler methods in terms of agar production at wet conditions. For the selection of acids the very strong (H2SO4), strong (HCl) and weak acid (CH3COOH) were used and CH3COOH was selected. Furthermore, the strength of CH3COOH was optimized at 1%. The steam boiler treatment with 1h soaking in 1% CH3COOH produced 10g agar which was better than open vessel treatment