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Status of Leyte Gulf Fisheries CYs 2001-2011
Get PDFLeyte Gulf is among the major fishing grounds in the Philippines with a shelf area of 13, 147 km2 covering the islands of Samar and Leyte. For this reason, it was chosen as the study area in Eastern Visayas under the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP) which aims to assess the status of fisheries resources. This paper presents the fishery stock assessment results from CY 2001-2011.
The annual fish catch from 2001-2011 showed a declining trend. The lowest was in 2008 with 12, 483.52 MT while the highest was in 2003 with 26,367.32 MT. The municipal fisheries had a high catch contribution except in 2001 where commercial catch was higher by 30%.
Thirty eight (38) types of fishing gears were identified operating in Leyte Gulf. Danish seine (commercial, DSC) had the highest yield in the commercial fisheries sector while for the municipal fisheries sector it was gillnet (GN). The highest catch of DSC was observed in 2004 (4,243.30 MT) and the lowest in 2010 (1,203.05 MT). The highest catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for DSC was in 2004 (288.66 kg/boat landings) and the lowest was in 2010 (167.09 kg/boat landings). For GN, the highest catch and CPUE were in 2004 (3, 010.72 MT) and 2003 (8.27 kg/boat landings) respectively; while the lowest in catch and CPUE were in 2001 (339.37 MT, 4.05 kg/boat landings).
The top ten (10) species caught belong to the families Leiognathidae, Carangidae, Nemipteridae, Scombridae, Gerreidae, Engraulidae, Mullidae, Synodontidae, Clupeidae, and Portunidae. The selected five (5) major stocks, which are Rastrelliger kanagurta, Leiognathus bindus, Gazza minuta, Selar crumenophthalmus, and Nemipterus hexodon were mostly abundant in the second half of the year. The percentage of catch at which they were caught before their length at maturity were as follows: 60% for R. kanagurta, 85% for L. bindus, 13% for G. minuta, 45% for S. crumenophthalmus, and 51% for N. hexodon
From rhetoric to reality
Get PDFAs the implementation of the SSF Guidelines gets under way, it is imperative to lobby for policies and processes that will empower small-scale fishing communities. The Thirty-third Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), held in Rome in July 2018, proved to be a watershed for small-scale fisheries
Effect of galacto oligosaccharide prebiotic on growth performance, survival and several of innate immunity parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae
Get PDFPrebiotics are non-digestive food ingredients which beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of health-promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of galactooilgosaccharide on the growth performances, survival and several of innate immunity parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae for 60 days. In this experiment, 360 of larvae (with average weight of 0.13±0.01g) in 4 treatments and 3 replicates (n=30 in each replicate) in a completely randomized design was divided and fed with diets containing 0, 1, 2 and 3 percent galactooligosaccharide respectively. The present results showed that highest WG, SGR and PER were observed in the diet containing 2 and 3 percent of dietary galactoologosaccharide which had a significant difference compared with other treatments (p<0.05). The highest, survival, total protein, albumin and globulin levels were observed in treatments containing 2 percent of dietary galactooligosaccharide which showed a significant difference compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Finally, the present results suggest that diets containing 2 percent of dietary galactooligosaccharide could improve growth, survival and innate immunity responses of rainbow trout
The effect of addition different levels cumin powder (Cuminum cyminum) supplement on growth indices, survival and carcass compositions of western white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to determine the qualitative characteristics of ready-made fish paste made from minced meat (Clupeonella cultriventris) The effect of different levels of herbal supplement of Cumin powder (Cuminum cyminum) on growth, survival and carcass composition of the Litopenaeus vannamei was evaluated in the summer of 1395 for 56 days at the Persian Gulf Aquaculture reproduction and reconstruction center. For this purpose, four groups of shrimp with an average weight of 3.45±0.3 g in 300 liter fiberglass tanks with a density of 60 shrimp per tank, with different levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 percent) was supplemented. The Cumin powder was fed with 3 replicates. At the end of the period, growth indices (average body weight gain, body weight gain, specific growth ratio and feed conversion ratio), survival rate, and chemical composition of these treatments were compared with control treatment. The results showed that the treatment with 1% Cumin powder had higher growth indices and better survival than other treatments (p0.05), this factor varied between 5.05 to 5.93 in the experimental period. Total bacterial counts, psychrophilic bacteria and coliform and molds were not observed in experimental treatments during storage period. Microbial contamination was not observed during the storage period in the refrigerator in the experimental treatments. The taste and texture in silver carp treatment (100%) were better than other treatments. The ash, protein and fat in 5 treatments did not significantly change during storage (p>0.05). The moisture content was not significantly increased in all five treatments during storage (p>0.05). Results showed treatment of processed carp (100%) was better than other treatments (p<0.05)
Evaluation of the toxicity of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle aqueous suspensions on bio-indices of sea water (barnacle) and fresh water (rotifer)
Get PDFDue to the inevitable achievement of nanoparticles to aquatic ecosystems, the limitation of existing reports, and the inadequate understanding of their possible biological reactions with aquatic organisms, this study in the pioneering step was aimed to toxicity assessment of aqueous suspension of chemical magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) in zooplanktonic species such as barnacle larvae Amphibalanus amphitrite (sea water index) and rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (fresh water index). For this purpose, serial concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 mg / l) of magnetite nanoparticles were prepared in 24 well plates with 5 replicates. After that, the zooplanktons (50 barnacle nauplii and 20 neonate rotifer to each well) were introduced to plates and the sensitivity of the samples were evaluated for the toxicity of nanoparticles at a time interval of 12-48 hours. The results of this study showed that the toxicity effects of chemical magnetite nanoparticles on barnacle nauplii larvae and neonate rotifer were increased with increasing time and concentration of magnetite nanoparticles. Differences between control and treatment groups were significant (P1000 mg/l). Regardless of species variation in barnacles and rotifers, according to the results, magnetite nanoparticles are in the group of non-toxic contaminants for these zooplanktonic organisms
Effects of endocrine disruption by 4-nonylphenol ethoxylate on the growth performance and immune response of female and male immature koi carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio)
Get PDFNonylphenol (NP) is an endocrine disrupting chemical which has been shown to be able tomodulate endocrine system of various organisms by different mechanisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of 4-NP and 17-β - estradiol (E2) on the immune parameters (IgM levels and lysozyme activity) of the teleost Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) for a better understanding of the immunereproductive system interactions. The experimental fishes were injected with ascending doses (10, 50,100 μgg^-1 body weight) of 4- nonylphenol (4-NP) and (2 μgg^-1 body mass) of 17-β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle during 3 weeks. After 21 days, the fishes (180) were anesthetizedand their blood samples were collected from caudal vein, and then they were dissected and sexually separated by gonad characters. The measurement of immune parameters in plasma showed that 4-NP induced significant increase in the IgM levels and lysozyme activity at dose of 50 μgg^-1 while the levels of these parameters in the higher doses (100 μgg^-1) decreased compared with the control group (p<0.05). In addition the treatment, with 2 μgg^-1 E2 significantly decreased both the IgM levels and lysozyme activity after 21 days of injection. These results indicated that 4-NP and E2 could lead to disturb the balance of immune system with potential consequences for immature koi carp
Immunization of Basa fish (Pangasius bocourti) against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis with live and sonicated trophonts
Get PDFThe high density of Basa fish (Pangasius bocourti) culture leads to outbreaks of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich), also knows as white spot disease. In this research, immunization of Basa fish against Ich with live and sonicated trophonts by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was investigated. Anti-Ich antibody titer was determined using ELISA and Western immunoblotting 21 days post immunization. The results revealed that pre-immunized fish, non-immunized fish and fish immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration 65 µg g -1 fish did not show specific antibody against Ich. 21 days post immunization, fish immunized with live trophonts exhibited higher anti-Ich antibody titer than fish immunized with sonicated trophonts at the same antigen concentration. Fish immunized with 65 µg trophonts protein/g fish live trophonts showed the highest titer 1:1,000 (p<0.05). The results from Western immunoblotting showed two parasite protein bands of 66 kDa and <14 kDa, which reacted with antibodies from serum of immune fish. No fish in the non-immunized group survived. At the same concentration of antigen (65 µg g^-1), fish immunized with live trophonts exhibited the highest survival rate, 63.33±5.77% (p<0.05). Therefore, these results are the Basa fish immunizing procedure will be the way to conduct immunization against Ich to prevent disease outbreaks in aquaculture
Synthesis and characterization of aluminum oxide nanoparticles using macroalgae Sargassum ilicifolium
Get PDFNanoparticle biosynthesis is considered an important part of nanotechnology which is economically viable; it is an environmentally-friendly procedure with great advantages compared to physical and chemical ones. In the present study, a green approach is presented for the first time for producing alpha aluminum oxide nanoparticles using Sargassum ilicifolium algae in which its methanolic algae extract was employed as a reducing agent and stabilizer layer. Under optimal conditions of 25ºC and pH=4, 10% of algae extract concentration and 0.05M Al2 (SO4)3 salt, aluminum cations were reduced completely to nanoscale phase within 24 hours. XRD technique confirms the formation of alpha aluminum oxide size 35 nanometers in a hexagon shape. The results of TEM confirms the spherical almost shape of the produced nanoparticle, the results of SEM shows the average size 33.40 of the nanoparticle, and the results of EDX indicated the purity of the produced nanoparticle which is formed of only oxygen and aluminum atoms
SAMUDRA Report No.80, December 2018
Get PDFSAMUDRA Report No. 80, dated December 2018, features articles on fisheries from around the world that focus on a diverse range of issues, from small-scale fisheries and community fisheries to illegal fishing, the SSF Guidelines, conservation of manta rays and fisheries governance, among other topics. The editorial Comment in this issue discusses how the Regional Plan of Action for Small-scale Fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea is a model for other regional fisheries management organizations. The tide of fortune for small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea is turning, says the opening article. The article from Cambodia shows how extensive and well-developed is the nation's system of community fisheries. Sri Lanka's SSF communities can be strengthened in the context of the SSF Guidelines, argues another article, while a report from Vietnam on a recent consultation workshop discusses illegal fishing and co-management in the central coastal region. The piece from Indonesia discusses how Lamakera village has initiated a programme for the conservation of manta rays. From Pakistan comes a report on a Peoples Long March against dams on the Indus River. Effective fisheries governance has led to democratization and decentralization in Myanmar, according to another article. The social contexts and lives of fishing communities are analyzed in another article, while the last article in the current issue points out that only collective action in SSF can overcome the problems of poverty and marginalization. SAMUDRA Report No. 80 also features the regular Roundup section that carries news snippets, analysis and tidbits on fisheries from around the world. SAMUDRA Report No. 80 can be accessed at: https://www.icsf.net/en/samudra/article/EN/80.html?limitstart=
Women in fisheries: eight shells
Get PDFThe voices of the women of the sea were heard loud and clear at a learning exchange aimed at strengthening the capacities of fisherwomen in the backdrop of the SSF Guidelines. Women from marine fishing communities of Barbados, St Kitts, Grenada, and Belize visited Tárcoles and Chomes in Puntarenas and the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica as part of a women’s learning exchange aimed at strengthening the capacities of fisherwomen in the backdrop of the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication (the SSF Guidelines)