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Incidence of thyroid diseases: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
No full textObjective: To evaluate incidence of subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Subjects
and methods: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) is a prospective cohort study
of 15,105 civil servants, examined at baseline and over a 4-year follow-up. This analysis included 9,705
participants with normal thyroid function at baseline, follow-up information about thyroid function and
with no report of using drugs that may interfere in the thyroid function. Thyroid function was defined by
TSH/FT4 levels or routine use of thyroid hormones/anti-thyroid medications. Annual and cumulative (over
4-year) incidence rates were presented as percentages (95% Confidence Intervals). Results: The incidence
of all overt and subclinical thyroid disease was 6.7% (1.73%/year): 0.19% for overt hyperthyroidism (0.048%/
year), 0.54% for subclinical hyperthyroidism (0.14%/year), 1.98% for overt hypothyroidism (0.51%/year),
and 3.99% for subclinical hypothyroidism (1.03%/year). The incidence of all thyroid diseases was higher in
women, when compared to men, with a low women:men ratio (1.36). For Blacks the highest incidence was
for overt hyperthyroidism, while for Whites, the highest incidence was for overt hypothyroidism. However,
the highest incidence of overt hyperthyroidism was detected in Asian descendants. The presence of
antithyroperoxidase antibodies at baseline was associated with higher incidence of overt thyroid diseases.
Conclusions: These results showed a high incidence of hypothyroidism, which is compatible with a
country with a more-than-adequate iodine intake. The low women:men ratio of the incidence of thyroid
dysfunction highlights the importance of the diagnosis of thyroid diseases among men in Brazil
Princípios Básicos de Cultivo Celular: sistema de cultivo celular
No full textdubladoVídeo sobre os princípios básicos de cultivo celular, apresentando a sub-temática: Sistema de cultivo celularFiocruzMP4Tópicos em Cultura de Células de MamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Preferências de forrageamento da abelha nativa sem ferrão Melipona seminigra pernigra (Apidae: Meliponini) em campo rupestre na canga da Serra dos Carajás, sudeste da Amazônia
No full textO conteúdo polínico de amostras de mel coletadas nos anos de 2017 e 2019 de apiários experimentais
de Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure & Kerr 1950, instalado dentro de uma vegetação de campo rupestre em
um afloramento de canga na Serra dos Carajás, sudeste da Amazônia, foi analisado para entender a variabilidade
local dos recursos florais em áreas naturais e perturbadas. Aproximadamente 100% dos tipos polínicos foram
identificados e pertencem principalmente às famílias Fabaceae, Myrtaceae e Euphorbiaceae (31, 6 e 5 espécies,
respectivamente). Áreas de mineração apresentaram a maior riqueza de pólen, quase o dobro daquelas identificadas
em áreas perturbadas. 80% dos tipos de pólen são raros com concentrações ≤ 2.000 grãos de pólen/10g, enquanto
que os restantes foram os mais abundantes, frequentes e fontes primárias para as abelhas. Este últimos correspondem
principalmente a plantas nativas como Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Protium spp., Aparisthmium cordatum (A.Juss.)
Baill., Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea Barneby, Periandra mediterrânea (Vell.) Taub., Miconia spp., Pleroma
carajasense K.Rocha, Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC., Serjania spp. e Solanum crinitum Lam. Todos os tipos polínicos foram identificados durante ambas as estações, mas altas concentrações estão relacionadas ao período seco (junho setembro). A análise estatística indicou que não houve diferença significativa nos dados de pólen de mel entre
áreas naturais e áreas anteriormente degradadas, uma vez que as fontes primárias das abelhas deste estudo são
amplamente utilizadas na revegetação de áreas mineradas..Honey pollen samples of Melipona seminigra pernigra Moure & Kerr 1950 sampled between 2017 and
2019 from experimental apiaries installed in campo rupestre on canga (CRC) vegetation of the Serra dos Carajás
aimed to evaluated seasonal floral availability of undisturbed and mining-influenced areas. Around one hundred
pollen types were identified mainly belonging to Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Euphorbiaceae (31, 6 and 5 species,
respectively). Mining area presented the highest pollen richness, almost twice those identified in the undisturbed
areas. 80% of the pollen types are rare with concentrations ≤ 2,000 pollen grains/10 g, while the remaining were
the most abundant, frequent and the primary bee sources. These latter correspond mostly to native plants species
such as Tapirira guianensis Aubl., Protium spp., Aparisthmium cordatum (A.Juss.) Baill., Mimosa acutistipula
var. ferrea Barneby, Periandra mediterranea (Vell.) Taub., Miconia spp., Pleroma carajasense K.Rocha, Myrcia
splendens (Sw.) DC., Serjania spp. and Solanum crinitum Lam. All pollen types were identified during both
seasons, but higher concentration values are related to the dry period (June-September). The statistical analysis
of the pollen data indicated that there was no significant difference between undisturbed and mining-influenced
areas, since primary bee sources of this study are widespread used in revegetation of mined areas
Examination of respiratory specimens improves microbiological diagnosis of patients with presumptive extrapulmonary tuberculosis
No full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento
de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Finance code 001), Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq),
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM)
(Pró-Estado Program - #002/2008, PAPAC Program - #005/2019
and PECTI-AM/SAÚDE Program - #004/2020). ALK, BBA and AT are
CNPq fellows. RSG and ASB (Master and PhD students) have
fellowship from CAPES. The funding agencies were not involved in
any phase of the manuscript conception, write, and submission.Bacteriological confirmation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging for several
reasons: the paucibacillary nature of the sample; scarce resources, mainly in middle and low-income
countries; the need for hospitalization; and unfavorable outcomes. We evaluated the diagnostic role of
respiratory specimen examination prospectively in a cohort of patients with presumptive EPTB.
Methods: From July 2018 to January 2019, in a tuberculosis (TB)/HIV reference hospital, a cohort of 157
patients with presumed EPTB was evaluated. Xpert1 MTB/RIF Ultra or a culture-positive result was
considered for bacteriologically confirmed TB.
Results: Out of 157 patients with presumptive EPTB, 97 (62%) provided extrapulmonary and respiratory
specimens and 60 (38%) extrapulmonary specimens only. Of the 60 patients with extrapulmonary
samples, 5 (8%) were positive. Of those with respiratory and extrapulmonary samples, 27 (28%) were
positive: 10 in both the respiratory and extrapulmonary samples, 6 in the extrapulmonary sample only,
and 11 in the respiratory sample only. A respiratory specimen examination increased by 6-fold the chance
of bacteriological confirmation of TB (odds ratio = 5.97 [1.11–47.17]).
Conclusion: We conclude that respiratory samples should be examined in patients with presumptive EPTB.
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-
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Evaluation of the Inflammatory Cytokines and IL-10 Network in Individuals Co-infected With Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus and Hepatitis C Virus (HTLV/HCV)
No full textCoordination of Superior
Level Staff Improvement – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance
Code 001 and National Foundation for the Development
of Private Higher Education (FUNADESP), grants
9600140, and 9600141. MG and BG-C are research
fellows of CNPq (process nos. 304811/2017-3s and
311054/2014-5, respectively).Co-infection between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) and
the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can modify the natural history of HCV infection. The aim of
this study was to describe the inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 network in patients
co-infected with HTLV and HCV viruses in Bahia, Brazil.
Methods: Samples from 31 HTLV/HCV co-infected individuals and 27 HCV
monoinfected individuals were evaluated. IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-10, IL-8, and IL-1 cytokines
were quantified by ELISA. Clinical, laboratory data were obtained from patient records.
Serum levels of the cytokines were log10-transformed and data mining was performed
using Z-score statistics and correlation analysis.
Results: Co-infected individuals presented a tendency toward higher production of INF-
g compared to the HCV monoinfected group. Regarding cytokine pairs, there was a
positive correlation (P-value < 0.05) between IL-1 and IL-8 in the HTLV/HCV co-infected
group and uninfected controls, and two correlations in the HCV mono-infected group
IL-8 – IL10 and IL- INF-g – IL-10 pairs. There was no significant difference between the
groups for the other parameters analyzed.
Conclusion: The results presented herein indicated that HTLV/HCV co-infection was
associated with a trend in IFN-g production while HCV-infected individuals presented
a positive correlation with both inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IFN-g) and the
regulatory cytokine IL-10
Considerations and Technical Pitfalls in the Employment of the MTT Assay to Evaluate Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
No full textPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) combines light, a photosensitizing chemical substance, and
molecular oxygen to elicit cell death and is employed in the treatment of a variety of diseases, in cluding cancer. The development of PDT treatment strategies requires in vitro assays to develop new
photosensitizers. One such assay is the MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide developed in 1983 and widely used in PDT studies. Despite the exponential growth in the
number of publications, a uniform MTT protocol for use in the PDT area is lacking. Herein, we list
and standardize the conditions to evaluate the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) in glioblastoma
and neuroblastoma cell lines. In addition, we review technical pitfalls and identify several variables
that must be taken into consideration in order to provide accurate results with MTT. We conclude
that for each cell line we must have a dose-response curve using the MTT assay and good controls
for the standardization. Additionally, the optimal values of the time and cell density must be in
the linear range of the curve to avoid errors. We describe all relevant points and outline the best
normalization techniques to observe the differences between treatments
Evolutionary dynamics and dissemination pattern of the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.33 during the early pandemic phase in Brazil
No full textA Rede Genômica Fiocruz é formada por especialistas de todas as unidades da Fundação no país e de institutos parceiros que se empenham diariamente em gerar dados mais robustos sobre o comportamento do SARS-Cov-2 e contribuir para um melhor preparo do país no enfrentamento da pandemia em termos de diagnóstico mais precisos e vacinas eficazes. Saiba mais sobre a Rede Genômica Fiocruz em: http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/CGLab/MoH (General Laboratories Coordination of Brazilian Ministry of
Health)CVSLR/FIOCRUZ (Coordination of Health Surveillance and Reference Laboratories of Oswaldo Cruz Foundation)CNPq COVID-19 MCTI 402457/2020-0INOVA VPPCB-005-FIO-20-2A previous study demonstrates that most of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Brazilian strains fell in three local clades that were introduced from Europe around late February 2020. Here we investigated in more detail the origin of the major and most widely disseminated SARS-CoV-2 Brazilian lineage B.1.1.33. We recovered 190 whole viral genomes collected from 13 Brazilian states from February 29 to April 31, 2020 and combined them with other B.1.1 genomes collected globally. Our genomic survey confirms that lineage B.1.1.33 is responsible for a variable fraction of the community viral transmissions in Brazilian states, ranging from 2% of all SARS-CoV-2 genomes from Pernambuco to 80% of those from Rio de Janeiro. We detected a moderate prevalence (5–18%) of lineage B.1.1.33 in some South American countries and a very low prevalence (<1%) in North America, Europe, and Oceania. Our study reveals that lineage B.1.1.33 evolved from an ancestral clade, here designated B.1.1.33-like, that carries one of the two B.1.1.33 synapomorphic mutations. The B.1.1.33-like lineage may have been introduced from Europe or arose in Brazil in early February 2020 and a few weeks later gave origin to the lineage B.1.1.33. These SARS-CoV-2 lineages probably circulated during February 2020 and reached all Brazilian regions and multiple countries around the world by mid-March, before the implementation of air travel restrictions in Brazil. Our phylodynamic analysis also indicates that public health interventions were partially effective to control the expansion of lineage B.1.1.33 in Rio de Janeiro because its median effective reproductive number (Re) was drastically reduced by about 66% during March 2020, but failed to bring it to below one. Continuous genomic surveillance of lineage B.1.1.33 might provide valuable information about epidemic dynamics and the effectiveness of public health interventions in some Brazilian states
Como compreender as práticas alimentares e a fome sob o ponto de vista interseccional?
No full textO OBHA Responde é um informativo com algumas questões sobre alimentação e nutrição em tempos de pandemia. Neste informativo, o Observatório Brasileiro de Hábitos Alimentares (OBHA) responde: Como compreender as práticas alimentares e a fome sob o ponto de vista interseccional
Assessment of protective immunity of a bivalent vaccine candidate based on a recombinant influenza virus against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Identification of core immunogenic peptides of Shigella sonnei for a Peptide-Based Vaccine
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz