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Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats of humans diagnosed with COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
No full textA Rede Genômica Fiocruz é formada por especialistas de todas as unidades da Fundação no país e de institutos parceiros que se empenham diariamente em gerar dados mais robustos sobre o comportamento do SARS-Cov-2 e contribuir para um melhor preparo do país no enfrentamento da pandemia em termos de diagnóstico mais precisos e vacinas eficazes. Saiba mais sobre a Rede Genômica Fiocruz em: http://www.genomahcov.fiocruz.br/Background: Infection by SARS-CoV-2 in domestic animals has been related to close contact with humans diagnosed with COVID-19. Objectives: To assess the exposure, infection, and persistence by SARS-CoV-2 of dogs and cats living in the same households of humans that tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and to investigate clinical and laboratory alterations associated with animal infection. Methods: Animals living with COVID-19 patients were longitudinally followed and had nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal and rectal swabs collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis, and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) to investigate specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Results: Between May and October 2020, 39 pets (29 dogs and 10 cats) of 21 patients were investigated. Nine dogs (31%) and four cats (40%) from 10 (47.6%) households were infected with or seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. Animals tested positive from 11 to 51 days after the human index COVID-19 case onset of symptoms. Three dogs tested positive twice within 14, 30, and 31 days apart. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (3.4%) and two cats (20%). In this study, six out of thirteen animals either infected with or seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 have developed mild but reversible signs of the disease. Using logistic regression analysis, neutering, and sharing bed with the ill owner were associated with pet infection. Conclusions: The presence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified in dogs and cats from households with human COVID-19 cases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. People with COVID-19 should avoid close contact with their pets during the time of their illness
The vaccine on the agenda: the production of meanings in Folha de S. Paulo’s coverage
No full textA mídia é uma das principais fontes para o consumo de informações sobre as vacinas. Com o crescimento da desinformação e da hesitação vacinal, é fundamental compreender como o jornalismo produz sentidos sobre esse recurso de saúde pública. Neste artigo, analisamos a cobertura da Folha de S. Paulo durante um ano com o objetivo de investigar de que formas as vacinas são pautadas pelo jornal. Observamos aspectos como enquadramentos, fontes, explicação de conceitos, benefícios e riscos da vacina. Os resultados mostram que as matérias analisadas assumem importante papel ao aproximar a vacinação do cotidiano e promover seus benefícios. No entanto, a abordagem de riscos e controvérsias e a participação cidadã aparecem em menor escala, demonstrando que há espaço para ampliar as relações entre jornalismo, ciência e sociedade.The media is one of the main sources for the consumption of information about vaccines. With the growth of misinformation and vaccine hesitation, it is essential to understand how journalism produces meanings about this public health resource. In this paper, we analyzed Folha de S. Paulo’s coverage for a year to investigate how the newspaper addresses vaccines. We observed aspects such as frameworks, sources, explanation of concepts, and benefi ts and risks of the vaccine. The results show that the analyzed articles play an essential role in bringing vaccination closer to everyday life and promoting its benefi ts. However, the approach to risks and controversies and citizen participation appears on a smaller scale, demonstrating room to expand the relationship between journalism, science, and society
New drug candidates for osteosarcoma: Drug repurposing based on gene expression signature
No full textOsteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone malignancy and the third most common cancer in adolescence. Since
the late 1970s, OS therapy and prognosis had only modest improvements, making it appealing to explore new
tools that could help ameliorate the treatment. We present a meta-analysis of the gene expression signature of
primary OS, and propose small molecules that could reverse this signature. The meta-analysis was performed
using GEO microarray series. We first compared gene expression from eleven primary OS against osteoblasts to
obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We later filtered those DEGs by verifying which ones had a
concordant direction of differential expression in a validation group of 82 OS samples versus 30 bone marrow
mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) samples. A final gene expression signature of 266 genes (98 up and 168 down
regulated) was obtained. The L1000CDS2 engine was used for drug repurposing. The top molecules predicted to
reverse the signature were afatinib (PubChem CID 10184653), BRD-K95196255 (PubChem CID 3242434), DG 041 (PubChem CID 11296282) and CA-074 Me (PubChem CID 23760717). Afatinib (Gilotrif™) is currently used
for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations, and in vitro evidence shows antineoplastic po tential in OS cells. The other three molecules have reports of antineoplastic effects, but are not currently FDA approved. Further studies are necessary to establish the potential of these drugs in OS treatment. We believe
our results can be an important contribution for the investigation of new therapeutic genetic targets and for
selecting new drugs to be tested for OS
Trends in Taxonomy of Chagas Disease Vectors (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): From Linnaean to Integrative Taxonomy
No full textChagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi
and transmitted mainly by members of the subfamily Triatominae. There are currently 157 species,
grouped into 18 genera and five tribes. Most descriptions of triatomine species are based on classical
taxonomy. Facing evolutionary (cryptic speciation and phenotypic plasticity) and taxonomic (more
than 190 synonymizations) problems, it is evident that integrative taxonomy studies are an important
and necessary trend for this group of vectors. Almost two-and-a-half centuries after the description
of the first species, we present for the first time the state-of-the-art taxonomy of the whole subfamily,
covering from the initial classic studies to the use of integrative taxonomy
Graphene quantum dots decorated with imatinib for leukemia treatment
No full textProdução científica do Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular.The use of graphene quantum dots as biomedical device and drug delivery system has been increasing. This nanoplatform of pure carbon has showed unique properties and showed to be safe for human use. The imatinib is a molecule designed to specifically inhibit the tyrosine kinase, used for leukemia treatment. In this study, we successfully decorated the graphene quantum dots (GQDs@imatinb) by a carbodiimide crosslinking reaction. The GQDs@imatinb were characterized by FTIR and AFM. The nanoparticles’ in vitro behaviors were evaluated by cellular trafficking (internalization) assay and cell viability and apoptosis assays in various cancer cell lines, including suspension (leukemia) cells and adherent cancer cells. The results showed that the incorporation of the imatinib on the surface of the graphene quantum dots did not change the nanoparticles' morphology and properties. The GQDs@imatinb could be efficiently internalized and kill cancer cells via the induction of apoptosis. The data indicated that the prepared GQDs@imatinb might be a great drug nano-platform for cancer, particularly leukemia treatments
Combination of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions reduces child mortality: an ecological study of Brazilian municipalities
No full textBackground: This study aims to assess the interactive effects of Brazilian public interventions, environmental health programs (access to water, sanitation and solid waste collection) and a Conditional Cash Transfer Program (PBF), on the mortality reduction due to diarrhea and malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Methods:The study design is ecological, with longitudinal analysis in a balanced panel. The period covered is 2006 to 2016, including 3467 municipalities from all regions of the country, which resulted in 38,137 observations. The generalized linear models were adjusted considering the Negative Binomial (NB) distribution for the number of deaths due to malnutrition and diarrhea, with fixed effects. NB models with and without zero-inflation were assessed. Subsequent interaction models were applied to assess the combined effects of the two public policies.ResultsIn relation to the decline of mortality rates due to diarrhea in the municipalities, positive effect modification were observed in the presence of: high coverage of the target population by the PBF and access to water, 0.54 (0.28-1.04) / 0.55 (0.29-1.04); high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to water, 0.97 (0.95-1.00) and high coverage by the total population by the PBF and access to sanitation, 0.98 (0.97-1.00). Decline on diarrhea mortality was also observed in the joint presence of high coverage of solid waste collection and access to water, categories 1 (>60% 85%= 20<50%): 1.0061 (0.9991-1.0132) and 2 ( 50<100%): 1.0073 (1.0002-1.0145) and high coverage of the total population by the PBF and solid waste collection, 1.0004 (1.0002-1.0005), resulting in malnutrition mortality rates increase.Conclusion: Implementation of environmental health services and the coverage expansion by the PBF may enhance the prevention of early deaths in children under 5 years old due to diarrhea, a poverty related disease
Evaluation of the effect of supervised anti-malarial treatment on recurrences of Plasmodium vivax malaria
No full textBackground: Relapses in vivax malaria have posed great challenges for malaria control, and they also account for a great proportion of reported cases. Knowing the real effectiveness of a 7-day primaquine (PQ) scheme is crucial in order to evaluate not only the cost-effectiveness of implementing new anti-hypnozoite drugs, but also how health education strategies can guarantee better compliance and be reinforced. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily treatment with chloroquine and PQ supervised by health workers versus prescription without supervision.
Methods: The outcome was the passive detection of new positive thick blood smears up to 180 days, based on the official data records from the National Malaria Control Programme. The recurrences seen in the real life were, therefore, used as a surrogate for true relapses.
Results: Patients under supervised treatment had a lower risk of recurrence up to day 180 when compared to the unsupervised treatment (17.9% vs. 36.1%; p = 0.027).
Conclusions: The lack of supervision in the non-supervised group (which followed standard of care in the real life) enabled proper comparison, as consent itself would have lead to greater compliance in this group. Future studies should scale such an analysis to different settings in the Brazilian Amazon
Epidemic preparedness: Prenatal Zika virus screening during the next epidemic
No full textZika virus (ZIKV) is a vectorborne infectious agent of global public health significance due to its potential to cause severe teratogenic outcomes. The question of whether health systems should consider adopting screening programmes for ZIKV infections during pregnancy warrants consideration. In this analysis, we apply the Wilson-Jungner framework to appraise the potential utility of a prenatal ZIKV screening programme, outline potential screening strategies within the case-finding pathway, and consider other epidemiological factors that may influence the planning of such a screening programme. Our evaluation of a potential prenatal ZIKV screening programme highlights factors affirming its usefulness, including the importance of Congenital Zika Syndrome as a public health problem and the existence of analogous congenital prenatal screening programmes for STORCH agents (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, others (eg, human immunodeficiency virus, varicella-zoster virus, parvovirus B19), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus). However, our assessment also reveals key barriers to implementation, such as the need for more accurate diagnostic tests, effective antiviral treatments, increased social service capacity, and surveillance. Given that the reemergence of ZIKV is likely, we provide a guiding framework for policymakers and public health leaders that can be further elaborated and adapted to different contexts in order to reduce the burden of adverse ZIKV-related birth outcomes during future outbreaks
Collective interest cycles and trends in Google searches related to institutional campaigns on prostate cancer: promoting health or illness?
No full textAlgoritmos do Google registram tendências
no interesse sobre temas relevantes à saúde
coletiva. Analisamos buscas na web (2014-2019)
para identificar padrões ligados ao câncer de próstata.
Analisamos volumes de pesquisa relativos
(VPR) pelo Google Trends sobre “câncer de próstata”
(CAP), “exame de próstata”(EP) e “PSA”;
séries temporais de 260 semanas; região Brasil; categoria
“saúde” e linhas de tendência (polinomiais
ordem 2) para identificar padrões; médias comparadas
por ANOVA. Identificamos crescimentos
súbitos nas buscas nos meses de novembro; buscas
sobre CAP superam largamente EP e PSA; médias
anuais CAP estáveis; EP com discreta queda; PSA
com marcada ascensão. Nos meses de campanhas:
elevação discreta de CAP; estabilidade em EP;
marcada elevação de PSA. O “Novembro Azul”
incentiva a identificação precoce do câncer de próstata,
embora observe-se interesse focado na doença
e desinteresse sobre o diagnóstico ao longo do ano.
Diferenças em relação ao “Outubro Rosa” são discutidas
– fraca interferência do nível de escolaridade
sobre os hábitos de prevenção e influência de
celebridades. Concluiu-se que análises de VPR podem
ser úteis ao acompanhamento de tendências
sobre o rastreio do câncer de próstata para fornecer
subsídios aos desenvolvedores das campanhas.
Palavras-chave Detecção precoce de câncer, Comportamento
de busca de informação, Câncer de
próstata, Promoção de saúde, Internet e saúde.Google algorithms record trends in
interest on topics relevant to public health. WEB
searches were analyzed (2014-2019) to identify
patterns linked to prostate cancer. Relative Search
Volumes (RSV) were analyzed by Google Trends
on “prostate cancer” (PC), “prostate examination”
(PE) and “PSA”; 260-week time series; Brazil
region; Health category; Trend lines (degree 2
polynomials) to identify patterns; Averages compared
by ANOVA; Sudden increase in November
searches; Searches on PC greatly surpass PE and
PSA; Stable annual PC averages; Discreet reduction
in PE; Marked increase in PSA. In campaign
months: Discreet increase in PC; stability in PE;
Marked increase in PSA. “Blue November” campaigns
encourage early identification of prostate
cancer, although interest is seen to be focused on
the disease per se with a lack of interest in diagnosis
throughout the year. Differences in relation to
“Pink October” are discussed - tenuous relation
to educational level on prevention habits and the
influence of celebrities. The conclusion drawn is
that RSV analysis might be useful in tracking
trends in prostate cancer screening to provide input
for campaign developers.
Key words Early detection of cancer, Information-
seeking behavior, Prostate cancer, Health
promotion, Internet and health
Radar Covid-19: favela: edição 08
No full textMovimentos Sociais e coletivos: Centro Cultural Çape-Tipa, Coletivo Piracema – Santa Cruz/Z.O, Grupo Eco Favela Santa, Iniciativa Direito à Memória e Justiça Racial, Instituto Raízes em Movimento – Complexo do Alemão, Redes da Maré, União Coletiva Pela Zona Oeste; Revisão: Luiza Gomes Henriques; Projeto Gráfico: Mariane MartinsRadar COVID-19 Favelas é um informativo produzido no âmbito da Sala de Situação Covid-19 nas Favelas do Rio de Janeiro, vinculada ao Observatório COVID-19 da Fiocruz. Estruturado com base no monitoramento ativo (vigilância de rumores) de fontes não oficiais – mídias, redes sociais e contato direto com moradores, coletivos, movimentos sociais, instituições e articuladores locais – busca sistematizar, analisar e disseminar informações sobre a situação de saúde nos territórios selecionados, visando promover a visibilidade das diversas situações de vulnerabilidade e antecipar as iniciativas de enfrentamento da pandemia