28492 research outputs found
Sort by
Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Dysregulated Metabolic Signatures in HIV-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
No full textIntramural Research Program of
the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the
National Institutes of Health (NIH).Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an inflammatory complication
associated with an underlying opportunistic infection that can be observed in HIV-infected
individuals shortly after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, despite successful
suppression of HIV viral load and CD4+ T cell recovery. Better understanding of IRIS
pathogenesis would allow for targeted prevention and therapeutic approaches. In this
study, we sought to evaluate the metabolic perturbations in IRIS across longitudinal time
points using an unbiased plasma metabolomics approach as well as integrated analyses
to include plasma inflammatory biomarker profile and whole blood transcriptome. We
found that many lipid and amino acid metabolites differentiated IRIS from non-IRIS
conditions prior to antiretroviral therapy and during the IRIS event, implicating the
association between oxidative stress, tryptophan pathway, and lipid mediated signaling
and the development of IRIS. Lipid and amino acid metabolic pathways also significantly
correlated with inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-12p70 and IL-8 at the IRIS event,
indicating the role of cellular metabolism on cell type specific immune activation during the
IRIS episode and in turn the impact of immune activation on cellular metabolism. In
conclusion, we defined the metabolic profile of IRIS and revealed that perturbations in
metabolism may predispose HIV-infected individuals to IRIS development and contribute to the inflammatory manifestations during the IRIS event. Furthermore, our findings
expanded our current understanding IRIS pathogenesis and highlighted the significance
of lipid and amino acid metabolism in inflammatory complications
Salvar vidas urgentemente
No full textO Brasil cruzou a linha de 250 mil mortos e 10 milhões de casos confirmados pela covid-19 em 24 de
Fevereiro de 2021, com alta na média móvel de mortes que configura segunda onda justamente quando as medidas de
distanciamento social estão sendo afrouxadas. Diante do agravamento da crise sanitária, com colapso do sistema
de saúde em vários estados, a Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco) divulgou nota (27/2/21) intitulada
“Salvar Vidas Urgentemente”, em que alerta para a negligência e a desorganização impostas pelo governo federal
ao enfrentamento do novo coronavírus. “Não é admissível que tantas vidas sejam perdidas”, destaca o texto
Informativo do Observatório Brasileiro de Hábitos Alimentares - nº 7
No full textInformativo elaborado pelo Observatório Brasileiro de Hábitos Alimentares (OBHA) com o propósito de compartilhar reflexões sobre este momento com o propósito de afirmar, construir e reconstruir ações de promoção a alimentação adequada e saudável para durante e após a pandemia do COVID-19
Searching Anti-Zika Virus Activity in 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Based Compounds
No full textZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is responsible for an exanthematous disease and severe neurological manifestations, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. ZIKV has a single strand positive-sense RNA genome that is translated into structural and non-structural (NS) proteins. Although it has become endemic in most parts of the tropical world, Zika still does not have a specific treatment. Thus, in this work we evaluate the cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of 14 hybrid compounds formed by 1H-1,2,3-triazole, naphthoquinone and phthalimide groups. Most compounds showed low cytotoxicity to epithelial cells, specially the 3b compound. After screening with all compounds, 4b was the most active against ZIKV in the post-infection test, obtaining a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 146.0 µM and SI of 2.3. There were no significant results for the pre-treatment test. According to the molecular docking compound, 4b was suggested with significant binding affinity for the NS5 RdRp protein target, which was further corroborated by molecular dynamic simulation studies
Boletim Epidemiológico vol.18: situação epidemiológica da COVID-19 entre trabalhadores da Fiocruz: período analisado - 13/03/2020 a 30/06/2021
No full textEsse é o décimo oitavo Boletim Epidemiológico (BE) sobre a situação da COVID-19 entre trabalhadores ativos, aposentados e alunos e bolsistas da Fiocruz. Nessa edição, atualizamos o panorama mensal do perfil dos trabalhadores sintomáticos e assintomáticos, bem como dos casos suspeitos e confirmados de COVID-19 obtidos no período de 13 março de 2020 a 30 de junho de 2021. Além disso, apresentamos dados sobre a vacinação ocorrida dentro e fora da Fiocruz
Ética: apreciação de projetos no CEP
No full textdubladoVídeo integrante do Curso Princípios básicos do cultivo de células de mamíferos, que aborda a subtema Ética: Apreciação de projetos no CEPFiocruzMP4Tópicos em cultura de células de mamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Criopreservação e banco de células: apresentação
No full textdubladoVídeo integrante do Curso Princípios básicos do cultivo de células de mamíferos, que aborda o subtema Criopreservação e banco de células: ApresentaçãoFiocruzMP4Tópicos em cultura de células de mamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Legitimidad de fuentes y opinión sobre coronavirus en O Grande Debate
No full textJuliana dos Santos Ferreira Costa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, do Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, do Departamento de Comunicação Social teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)Kenia Beatriz Ferreira Maia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, do Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, do Departamento de Comunicação Social teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)A partir do tensionamento de conceitos como objetividade e opinião no jornalismo, polarização espetacularizada e abordagem da saúde pelo jornalismo, o artigo reflete sobre a legitimidade das fontes às quais recorrem os participantes de O Grande Debate, da CNN Brasil. Foram observadas 14 edições do quadro, com o registro das estratégias empregadas pelos comentaristas, a fim de identificar os padrões de legitimidade e de legitimação das fontes. Percebemos que foram acionadas fontes oficiais ou documentais e também fontes falsas ou pseudofontes, contribuindo para a equiparação entre opinião, fato e inverdade nos debates sobre o novo coronavírus.Based on the tension between concepts such as objectivity and opinion in journalism, spectacular polarization and the approach to health by journalism, this article reflects on the legitimacy of the sources to which participants in O Grande Debate, transmitted by CNN Brazil, resort. Fourteen editions of this panel were observed, recording the strategies employed by commentators in order to identify patterns of legitimacy and legitimation of the sources. We could detect that official or documentary sources were exploited, as well as false or pseudo sources, contributing to the equivalence between opinion, fact and untruth in the debates about the new coronavirus.A partir de la tensión de conceptos como la objetividad y la opinión en el periodismo, la polarización espectacular y la manera de plantear la salud por parte del periodismo, este artículo reflexiona sobre la legitimidad de las fuentes a que recurren los participantes de O Grande Debate, de la CNN Brasil. Se observaron catorce ediciones del programa y se registraron las estrategias empleadas por los comentaristas para identificar las configuraciones de legitimidad y de legitimación de las fuentes. Notamos que fueron empleadas fuentes oficiales o documentales, así como fuentes falsas o pseudo-fuentes, contribuyendo a la equiparación entre opinión, hecho y falsedad en los debates sobre el nuevo coronavirus
Adherence to diagnosis followed by selective treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni and related knowledge among schoolchildren in an endemic area of Minas Gerais, Brazil, prior to and after the implementation of educational actions
No full textThis is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Introduction: Brazilian guidelines for schistosomiasis elimination recommend regular search of
infection carriers and their timely treatment. This study evaluates the effect of educational actions
(EAs) among schoolchildren on adherence to diagnosis and treatment, as well as on
knowledge of the disease.
Methods: In April/2013, a questionnaire was applied to 6th-to-8th-grade pupils of eight public
schools to evaluate prior knowledge of disease and self-reported risk behavior. Baseline parasitological
survey (PS) was done in May/2013, followed by selective treatment and cure assessment.
The schools were then randomly allocated to experimental (EG) and control (CG)
groups, with and without EAs, respectively. EAs were conducted for 3 months from August/
2013. Questionnaire was reapplied in November/2013, April/2014, October/2014, and October/
2015 to evaluate changes in knowledge about the disease and self-reported risk behavior.
Two further annual PSs (May/2014 and May/2015), each followed by treatment of positives,
allowed to evaluate between-group differences and intra-group changes in adherence to diagnosis
and treatment, and to follow-up prevalence and intensity of infection.
Results: Adherence to diagnosis did not differ significantly between EG (84.1%) and CG (81.1%)
at baseline but was significantly higher in EG in subsequent PSs. Overall, adherence to treatment
was higher than 90% in all three PSs; cure was 98.4%, egg-reduction was 99.8% and reinfection,
2.8%. Prevalence fell significantly in EC (from 23.5% to 6.8%) and CG (from 21.8% to
2.4%), the same occurring with intensity (from 54.2 to 4.6 epg in EG and from 38.4 to 1.3
epg in CG). Disease knowledge increased significantly in EG and CG; knowledge about disease
transmission increased significantly more in the EG. Self-reported risk behavior remained
above 67% and did not differ significantly between EG and CG.
Conclusion: EAs increased adherence of schoolchildren and improved knowledge about the disease,
confirming thatEAsarean important tool toenhance schoolchildrenparticipationin control campaigns.
© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of World Federation of Parasitologists.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Análise do processo de adesão e o acompanhamento dos participantes nas pesquisas clínicas sobre Chikungunya: revisão de escopo
No full textAs arboviroses como a Chikungunya são de grande relevância na saúde pública, devido à inexistência de apoio laboratorial eficiente, a falta de medidas imunoprofiláticas, a possibilidade de causar quadros crônicos, a falta de terapia específica, pela ausência de tratamento, vacinas e medidas efetivas de prevenção e controle, relegando o tratamento ao controle sintomático das manifestações clínicas. Considerando que já existe um esforço expressivo na produção de conhecimento em Chikungunya, predominantemente, a partir de países onde os maiores surtos epidêmicos ocorreram nos anos recentes, encontra-se relevante o estudo de dimensões como o espaço ético nas pesquisas clínicas sobre Chikungunya, que coloca em foco a relação entre pesquisador e sujeito de pesquisa, suscitando o encontro de mundos conflitantes, o saber biomédico e o saber leigo. Nesse sentido, de forma exploratória, buscou-se identificar estudos clínicos e, a partir da análise da produção cientifica e dos documentos de pesquisa de cada um desses estudos, procurar identificar como se dá, formalmente, o processo de adesão das pesquisas. O percurso metodológico escolhido para seguir nesta investigação é a revisão de escopo, dado que este método permite abordar uma questão de pesquisa exploratória destinada a mapear conceitos-chave e lacunas existentes na literatura, e permite a revisão de diferentes tipos de evidências. A partir dos dados extraídos foram identificados aspectos relacionados aos tipos das pesquisas clínicas e dimensões éticas referentes ao processo de adesão e o acompanhamento dos participantes nas publicações e registros dos estudos selecionados. Foram utilizadas três estratégias para incluir todas as pesquisas atuais relacionadas à pergunta da revisão: pesquisa de bancos de dados bibliográficos, banco de dados de registros de estudos clínicos e pesquisas de fontes complementares, nove bases de dados foram pesquisadas e foram extraídos dados de 244 publicações e documentos de pesquisa. Resultados mostraram que embora se saiba, de que o processo de adesão e o acompanhamento dos participantes nas pesquisas em sua complexidade dependem de vários fatores relacionados com a pesquisa e outros com os participantes e seu entorno, a maior parte dos estudos não informam detalhes relacionados à questão da revisão, evidenciaram-se lacunas de conhecimento que dificultaram a caracterização do espaço ético das pesquisas analisadas. O questionário aberto desenvolvido no percurso metodológico, permitiu a caracterização dos possíveis cenários que envolvem aos participantes no decorrer das pesquisas clínicas sobre Chikungunya.Arboviruses like Chikungunya are of great relevance in public health, due to the lack of efficient laboratory support, the lack of immunoprophylactic measures, the possibility of causing chronic conditions, the lack of specific therapy, the absence of treatment, vaccines and effective measures of prevention and control, relegating treatment to the symptomatic control of clinical manifestations. Considering that there is already a significant effort in the production of knowledge in Chikungunya, predominantly, from countries where the greatest epidemic outbreaks occurred in recent years, it is relevant to study dimensions such as the ethical space in clinical research on Chikungunya, which places in focus the relationship between researcher and research subject, raising the encounter of conflicting worlds, biomedical knowledge and lay knowledge. In this sense, in an exploratory way, we sought to identify clinical studies and, based on the analysis of the scientific production and research documents of each of these studies, try to identify how the research adherence process formally occurs. The methodological path chosen to follow in this investigation is the scope review, given that this method allows addressing an exploratory research question aimed at mapping key concepts and gaps in the literature, and allows the review of different types of evidence. From the extracted data, aspects related to the types of clinical research and ethical dimensions related to the adherence process and the monitoring of participants in the publications and records of selected studies were identified. Three strategies were used to include all current research related to the review question: search of bibliographic databases, database of clinical study records and research from complementary sources, nine databases were searched and data were extracted from 244 publications and documents of research. Results showed that although it is known, that the adherence process and the monitoring of research participants in their complexity depend on several factors related to the research and others with the participants and their surroundings, most studies do not report details related to the issue of the review, knowledge gaps were found that hindered the characterization of the ethical space of the analyzed researches. The open questionnaire developed in the methodological path, allowed the characterization of the possible scenarios that involve the participants during the clinical research on Chikungunya