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Phenotypic, functional and serological aspects of genotypic-specific immune response of experimental T. cruzi infection
No full textThe complexity and multifactorial characteristics of Chagas disease pathogenesis hampers the establishment of appropriate experimental/epidemiological sets, and therefore, still represents one of the most challenging fields for novel insights and discovery. In this context, we used a set of attributes including phenotypic, functional and serological markers of immune response as candidates to decode the genotype-specific immune response of experimental T. cruzi infection. In this investigation, we have characterized in C57BL/6 J mice, the early (parasitemia peak) and late (post-parasitemia peak) aspects of the immune response elicited by T. cruzi strains representative of TcI, TcII or TcVI. The results demonstrated earlier parasitemia peak for TcII/Y strain followed by TcVI/CL-Brener and TcI/Colombiana strains. A panoramic overview of phenotypic and functional features of the TCD4+, TCD8+ and B-cells from splenocytes demonstrated that mice infected with TcI/Colombiana strain exhibited at early stages of infection low levels of most cytokine+ cells with a slight increase at late stages of infection. Conversely, mice infected with TcII/Y strain presented an early massive increase of cytokine+ cells, which decreases at late stages. The TcVI/CL-Brener strain showed an intermediate profile at early stages of infection with a slight increase later on at post-peak of parasitemia. The panoramic analysis of immunological connectivity demonstrated that early after infection, the TcI/Colombiana strain trigger immunological network characterized by a small number of connectivity, selectively amongst cytokines that further shade towards the late stages of infection. In contrast, the TcII/Y strain elicited in more imbricate networks early after infection, comprising a robust number of interactions between pro-inflammatory mediators, regulatory cytokines and activation markers that also decrease at late infection. On the other hand, the infection with TcVI/CL-Brener strain demonstrated an intermediate profile with connectivity axes more stable at early and late stages of infection. The analysis of IgG2a reactivity to AMA, TRYPO and EPI antigens revealed that at early stages of infection, the genotype-specific reactivity to AMA, TRYPO and EPI to distinguish was higher for TcI/Colombiana as compared to TcII/Y and TcVI/CL while, at late stages of infection, higher reactivity to AMA was observed in mice infected with TcVI/CL and TcII/Y strains. The novel systems biology approaches and the use of a flow cytometry platform demonstrated that distinct T. cruzi genotypes influenced in the phenotypic and functional features of the host immune response and the genotype-specific serological reactivity during early and late stages of experimental T. cruzi infection
Case report: SARS-CoV-2 mother-to-child transmission and fetal death associated with severe placental thromboembolism
No full textThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is not usually associated with significant adverse effects. However, in this study, we report a fetal death associated with mild COVID-19 in a 34-week-pregnant woman. The virus was detected in the placenta and in an unprecedented way in several fetal tissues. Placental abnormalities (MRI and anatomopathological study) were consistent with intense vascular malperfusion, probably the cause of fetal death. Lung histopathology also showed signs of inflammation, which could have been a contributory factor. Monitoring inflammatory response and coagulation in high-risk pregnant women with COVID-19 may prevent unfavorable outcomes, as shown in this case
The regulation of children’s food advertising: potential for health communication
No full textO texto analisa a capacidade de as políticas públicas em saúde disputarem
sentido na construção de mundo provocada pelos meios de comunicação, e a necessidade
de regulação estatal da publicidade infantil de alimentos. Estes anúncios influenciam as escolhas alimentares das crianças, formando um paladar habituado ao consumo de produtos
ultraprocessados (e prejudiciais à saúde) desde a infância. Por meio de um levantamento
de artigos em bancos de dados eletrônicos busca compreender o contexto geral do tema
nos últimos dez anos, e apontar caminhos para a comunicação em saúde nessa agenda.
Ao considerar as experiências de diferentes países, identifica que a publicidade infantil
de alimentos necessita de regulação e monitoramento contínuo. Apenas a aprovação de
legislações restritivas, porém, não provocará mudanças na sociedade. Ações ancoradas
na comunicação em saúde são necessárias, a partir de um plano estratégico que amplie o
acesso às informações para o consumidor final e formadores de opinião, bem como para as
indústrias de alimentos e de comunicação.The essay analyzes how public health policies could create meaning in the
construction of a world caused by the media, and alerts the need for state regulation of
food marketing for children. Advertising influences children’s choices, forming a palate
accustomed to the consumption of ultra-processed (and harmful to health) products since
childhood. Through a search for articles in online databases, it seeks to understand the general context of the theme in the last ten years, and suggest ways for health communication
to intervene in this agenda. When considering the experiences of different countries, the
study identifies that children’s food advertising needs regulation, as well as continuous monitoring. As a result, argues that only the approval of restrictive legislation will not cause
changes in society, defending the need to develop actions anchored in health communication, introducing a strategic plan that expands the information for the final consumer,
public opinion, as well as for the food and communication industries
Analysis of scientific production about drugs of abuse in forensic toxicology
No full textForensic toxicology is an essential tool that assists in investigations, identifying
toxic agents, in order to clarify issues that occur in legal proceedings, it is used
with the aim of detecting, recognizing, identifying and quantifying when there is
contact with certain agents such as: alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and LSD, which
are considered drugs of abuse. The following descriptors were used to survey the
articles: Forensic Toxicology, Drugs of Abuse, Alcohol, Cocaine, Marijuana and
LSD in Google Scholar. For the selection of scientific productions, the following
inclusion criteria were used: articles published from 2008 to 2018, available in
full and online. Nineteen articles published on the topic were found in fifteen
journals analyzed from 2008 to 2018. The years with the largest number of
publications were 2009, 2014 and 2015, with 3 publications each and the year
with the least publication was 2008, where none article was found. Revinter
Magazine presented the largest number of productions in the area of Forensic
Toxicology. Regarding the types of drugs of abuse used in the studies, cocaine
appears as the most studied followed by marijuana. Alcohol and LSD are the
least studied drugs of abuse. Several analysis techniques were used to identify
drugs of abuse. The result of the analysis of scientific production on drugs of
abuse in forensic toxicology, showed how important and indispensable the
analysis methodologies in forensic toxicology are. For each drug that is created,
an efficient method has a wide degree of precision for its identification. This
demonstrates a concern in this area to identify and quantify these drugs with
precision, sensitivity and specificity, in samples that are less and less invasive in
order to protect the subject and society
Representaciones de la salud y la enfermedad en los medios: significados y imposiciones sobre cuerpos y estilos de vida
No full textResenha de: Representações Midiáticas da Saúde, por Igor Sacramento e Wilson Couto Borges. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2020. ISBN: 978-65-5708-028-3. Este livro integra a coleção Temas em Saúde.O livro de Igor Sacramento e Wilson Couto Borges oferece um excelente material para o estudo das representações midiáticas da saúde. Além de apresentarem um panorama teórico da representação, enquanto parte do processo de construção da realidade e dos grupos sociais, os autores adotam metodologicamente como categoria analítica a noção de posição dos sujeitos, central para a representação por situar os indivíduos em papeis, e analisam relatos sobre excesso de gordura em matérias jornalísticas, programas televisivos e produções audiovisuais na internet. É possível perceber como a mídia trata o corpo como índice da saúde ou doença e normalidade ou anormalidade pelas formas corporais, exigindo autocontrole das pessoas obesas ou daquelas em risco de se tornarem, o que se justifica por transformações físicas e questões psicossociais.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes)The book by Igor Sacramento and Wilson Couto Borges offers excellent material for studying health media representations. In addition to presenting a theoretical panorama of representation, as part of the process of constructing reality and social groups, the authors methodologically adopt the notion of subject position as central to the representation, as it places individuals in roles, and analyze reports about excess fat in newspapers, television programs and audio-visual productions on the internet. It is possible to perceive how the media treats the body as an index of health or disease and normality or abnormality due to body shapes, requiring obese people or those at risk to self-control, which is justified by physical changes and psychosocial issues.El libro de Igor Sacramento y Wilson Couto Borges ofrece excelente material para el estudio de las representaciones mediáticas de la salud. Además de presentar un panorama teórico de la representación, como parte del proceso de construcción de la realidad y de los grupos sociales, los autores adoptan metodológicamente la noción de posición del sujeto, central de la representación, ya que ubican a los individuos en roles, y analizan reportes sobre el exceso de grasa en reportajes, programas de televisión y producciones audiovisuales en Internet. Es posible percibir cómo los medios tratan al cuerpo como un índice de salud o enfermedad y de normalidad o anormalidad por formas corporales, interpelando personas obesas o en riesgo de convertirse para el autocontrol, justificado por cambios físicos y problemas psicosociales
RADIS: Comunicação e Saúde, número 227, agosto
No full textRADIS é uma publicação da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, editada pelo Programa Radis (Reunião, Análise e Difusão de Informação sobre Saúde), da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (Ensp).A política antiambiental adotada nos últimos anos no Brasil tem causado um aumento alarmante no desmatamento da Amazônia e na degradação do cerrado, colocando em risco não apenas os biomas, mas também os povos tradicionais que deles dependem. O desmonte da legislação de proteção ambiental tem fragilizado o monitoramento e a análise de impactos ambientais, facilitando a atuação de grileiros, garimpeiros, desmatadores e outros agentes criminosos que prejudicam gravemente populações ribeirinhas e indígenas. As alterações climáticas, resultantes dessas agressões ao meio ambiente, têm causado desastres como enchentes, ondas de calor e incêndios em diversos países, alertando autoridades internacionais para a urgência de combater o aquecimento global. Enquanto isso, no Brasil, líderes parecem ignorar os efeitos da grave crise hídrica, que ameaça resultar em um apagão elétrico e prejudicar a recuperação econômica pós-pandemia. A esquistossomose, considerada a segunda doença parasitária mais devastadora socioeconomicamente no mundo, persiste no Brasil devido à falta de água tratada e saneamento básico, afetando principalmente os mais vulneráveis. A indústria farmacêutica demonstra pouco interesse em desenvolver métodos de diagnóstico mais eficazes e novos tratamentos para essa doença, que incapacita e mata milhares de brasileiros e perpetua a invisibilidade dos mais necessitados. Juliano Moreira, além de dar nome a muitas instituições psiquiátricas, foi um médico, pesquisador e intelectual negro que implementou políticas públicas inovadoras no campo da psiquiatria, questionando teorias racistas e promovendo a humanização do tratamento dos pacientes. Sua contribuição para a saúde no Brasil foi significativa, sendo reconhecido como um "terapeuta do afeto" que democratizou e humanizou o sistema manicomial no país
Princípios Básicos de Cultivo Celular: Aplicações principais de cultivo celular
No full textdubladoFiocruzMP4Curso Tópicos em Cultura de Células de MamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Doxycycline reverses cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and oxidative imbalance induced by D-amphetamine mania model in mice: A promising drug repurposing for bipolar disorder treatment?
No full textImmune-inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
Tetracyclines present neuroprotective actions based on their anti-inflammatory and microglia
suppressant effects. Doxycycline (DOXY) is a tetracycline that demonstrates a better usage
profile with protective actions against inflammation and CNS injury. Here, we investigated the
effects of DOXY against behavioral, neuroinflammatory, and pro-oxidative changes induced by
the d-amphetamine mania model. Adult mice were given d-amphetamine 2.0 mg/kg or saline
for 14 days. Between days 8 and 14, received lithium, DOXY (25 or 50 mg/kg), or their combina-
tion (lithium+DOXY) on both doses. We collected the brain areas prefrontal cortex (PFC), hip-
pocampus, and amygdala to evaluate inflammatory and oxidative alterations. D-amphetamine
induced hyperlocomotion and impairment in recognition and working memory. Lithium reversed
hyperlocomotion but could not restore cognitive alterations. DOXY alone (at both doses) or
combined with lithium reversed d-amphetamine-induced cognitive changes. DOXY, better than
lithium, reversed the d-amphetamine-induced rise in TNFα, MPO, and lipid peroxidation. DOXY
reduced the hippocampal expression of Iba1 (a marker of microglial activation), inducible nitric
oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitrite. Combined with lithium, DOXY increased the phosphorylated
(inactivated) form of GSK3β (Ser9). Therefore, DOXY alone or combined with lithium reversed
cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation induced by the mice’s d-amphetamine model.
This study points to DOXY as a promising adjunctive tool for bipolar disorder treatment focused
on cognition and neuroimmune changes. Our data provide the first rationale for clinical trials
investigating DOXY therapeutic actions in bipolar disorder mania
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are associated with the risk of episodes of high-level and detectable viremia among HIV controllers [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]
No full textBackground: HIV controllers (HICs) constitute a heterogeneous group
of HIV-1 individuals able to suppress plasma viremia to low or
undetectable levels in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Host
genetic factors may be involved in the sustained control of viral
replication observed. We investigated the distribution and the
potential impact of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-B and -C alleles,
killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NLRP3, CARD8 and IL-1β inflammasome
genes, and CCR5Δ32 mutation on the viral control among HICs
Epigallocathechin-O-3-Gallate Inhibits Trypanothione Reductase of Leishmania infantum, Causing Alterations in Redox Balance and Leading to Parasite Death
No full textLeishmania infantum is a protozoan parasite that causes a vector borne infectious disease
in humans known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This pathology, also caused by L.
donovani, presently impacts the health of 500,000 people worldwide, and is treated
with outdated anti-parasitic drugs that suffer from poor treatment regimens, severe side
effects, high cost and/or emergence of resistant parasites. In previous works we have
disclosed the anti-Leishmania activity of (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG), a
flavonoid compound present in green tea leaves. To date, the mechanism of action of
EGCG against Leishmania remains unknown. This work aims to shed new light into the
leishmanicidal mode of action of EGCG. Towards this goal, we first confirmed that EGCG
inhibits L. infantum promastigote proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner.
Second, we established that the leishmanicidal effect of EGCG was associated with i)
mitochondria depolarization and ii) decreased concentration of intracellular ATP, and iii)
increased concentration of intracellular H2O2. Third, we found that the leishmanicidal effect
and the elevated H2O2 levels induced by of EGCG can be abolished by PEG-catalase,
strongly suggesting that this flavonoid kills L. infantum promastigotes by disturbing their
intracellular redox balance. Finally, we gathered in silico and in vitro evidence that EGCG
binds to trypanothione reductase (TR), a central enzyme of the redox homeostasis of
Leishmania, acting as a competitive inhibitor of its trypanothione substrate