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Treatment of Human Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis
No full textWe describe the successful treatment of a series of 30 zoonotic sporotrichosis cases from southern Brazil. Sporothrix brasiliensis was the species genotypically identified in all 25 confirmed cases. Five other cases were classified as probable, without laboratory confirmation, but with clinical and epidemiological data of cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. Two isolates were sequenced by translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) loci in order to compare their sequences, and both of them showed distinct genotypes from S. brasiliensis strains from other Brazilian states. Itraconazole (ITZ) or potassium iodide (KI) were the first choice treatment in 28 and 2 cases, respectively. Microdilution assay showed a wild-type profile of S. brasiliensis isolates to ITZ. However, a lack of clinical response occurred in 42% of cases, especially those treated with ITZ 100 mg/day, and treatment needed modifications, by either increased doses or antifungal combinations. Clinical cure required a mean of 187 days of treatment, which was dependent on the clinical form of the disease and age of patients. Therapy, including dosages and durations, for cutaneous forms of sporotrichosis requires re-evaluation, since cases caused by S. brasiliensis may influence treatment efficacy
Pharmacovigilance Committee for COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]) and its contribution for an effective benefit-risk assessment
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Use of leaf anatomy in the quality control of green tea Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze. (Theaceae)
No full textA Revista Fitos é um periódico científico interdisciplinar, em acesso aberto, sem custos para autores e de difusão gratuita, com publicação em fluxo contínuo, organizado, gerenciado e editado pelo Centro de Inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde (CIBS), do Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Tendo a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde como escopo, o periódico publica artigos científicos inéditos e originais abordando a pesquisa, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e a inovação em Biodiversidade e Saúde e as inter-relações entre suas diversas dimensões. Os manuscritos deverão ser redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol, do tipo: artigo de pesquisa, artigo de revisão, relato de experiência, comunicação breve, ensaio, perspectiva, resenha, carta e monografia de espécies da biodiversidade brasileira. Os autores deste artigo não possuem vínculo com a Fiocruz. Link da revista: https://periodicos.fiocruz.br/pt-br/revista-fitosO chá verde é considerado uma bebida funcional e, como resultado, seu consumo aumentou drasticamente ao longo dos anos. Com a alta demanda comercial, irregularidades têm sido encontradas nos produtos, dentre as quais podemos destacar a falsificação e adulteração da matéria-prima. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a autenticidade de diferentes marcas de chá verde a partir da identificação de características anatômicas diagnósticas da espécie. Foram obtidas 57 amostras de 19 marcas diferentes, 13 delas comercializadas a granel (folhas inteiras) e seis em sachês (pulverizadas), em estabelecimentos comerciais de cidades do Sul do Espírito Santo e da Zona da Mata Mineira. Para verificar a autenticidade, as amostras foram submetidas a processos usuais em anatomia vegetal (microscopia de luz), e comparadas com a descrição da espécie na literatura científica. Seis marcas (31,57% das amostras) não apresentaram as principais características anatômicas do chá verde, como esclereídes irregulares e tricomas tectores, demonstrando a inautenticidade do produto. Os resultados apontam a ocorrência de adulterações que podem expor a saúde dos consumidores.Green tea is known as a functional beverage and, as a result, its consumption has increased drastically along over the years. With the high commercial demand, irregularities have been found in the products, among which we can highlight the falsification and adulteration of the raw material. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the authenticity of different brands of green tea from the identification of anatomical diagnostic features of the plant species used as raw material. We collected 57 samples of 19 different green tea brands of which 13 are sold as bulk goods (whole leaves) and six are sold in sachets (pulverized). In order to verify raw material authenticity, samples were submitted to classical techniques in plant anatomy studies (light microscopy), and compared with the description of the species in the scientific literature. Six brands (31,57% of the samples) did not present the main anatomical features usually found in the leaves of the plant species known as green tea, such as irregular sclereids and tector trichomes, which demonstrates lack of product authenticity. Our results signalize the occurrence of adulterations that can expose green tea consumer’s health
Evaluation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm tolerance to disinfectants used in a pharmaceutical industry
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Ficha de análise de obras de animês e seu potencial educacional: recurso para professores do ensino fundamental II e médio
No full textO presente material se refere à Ficha de Análise de Obras, desenvolvida para o uso de professores do Ensino Fundamental II e Médio. Foi construída através do projeto de pesquisa de Mestrado Acadêmico, intitulado “ESTUDO DAS PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO BÁSICO NA PROPOSTA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DE ANIMÊS DO STUDIO GHIBLI PARA O ENSINO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS E SAÚDE: PERSPECTIVAS E ENFRENTAMENTOS”. O material está apresentado em duas versões, sendo: 1) Ficha de análise de obras (original) e 2) Ficha de análise de obras (validada em oficina com um grupo de docentes da área de Ciências). Ambas as versões foram trabalhadas em atividades realizadas durante o “I CURSO DE EXTENSÃO ANIMÊ E MANGÁ NO ENSINO – USO E PERSPECTIVA COMO RECURSO EDUCACIONAL PARA ABORDAGEM DO EIXO TEMÁTICO SAÚDE E AMBIENTE”, realizado dos dias 17 a 21 de janeiro de 2022, modalidade a distância, via Campus Virtual da Fiocruz
Trematodeos digeneticos hemiurideos e lecitasterideos e nematoides camalanideos e cuculanideos parasitando linguados coletados na costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
No full textUm total de 132 espécimes de linguados (60 Paralichthys isosceles, 36 Paralichthys patagonicus e 36 Xystreurys
rasile) foram coletados na costa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Os peixes foram medidos, necropsiados
e tiveram seus órgãos investigados para o encontro de trematodeos digenéticos, das famílias Hemiuridae e
Lecithasteridae, e nematoides das famílias Camallanidae e Cucullanidae. A identificação taxonômica dos parasitos
foi baseada nos caracteres morfológicos e morfométricos, usando-se as microscopias de campo claro e eletrônica
de varredura. Os trematódeos, Lecithochirium monticellii e Aponurus laguncula, foram encontrados parasitando
P. isosceles, P. patagonicus e X. rasile, enquanto os nematoides, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus e
Cucullanus bonaerensis, foram encontrados parasitando P. isosceles e X. rasile e P. isosceles, P. patagonicus e X. rasile,
respectivamente. Os índices parasitários de prevalência, intensidade média, abundância média e amplitude de
variação da intensidade de infeção, bem como os sítios de infecção foram avaliados para cada espécie de parasito. Este é o primeiro registro de P. patagonicus por L. monticellii; X. rasile por A. laguncula e P. (S.) halitrophus; e de P. isosceles e P. patagonicus por C. bonaerensis no Oceano Atlântico Sul Ocidental.A total of 132 flounder specimens (60 Paralichthys isosceles, 36 Paralichthys patagonicus and 36 Xystreurys rasile)
were collected off the coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The fish were measured, necropsied, and had
their organs investigated for hemiurid and lecithasterid digenean trematodes and camallanid and cucullanid
nematodes. Taxonomic identification of the parasites was based on morphological and morphometric characters
and was conducted using bright-field and scanning electron microscopies. The trematodes Lecithochirium monticellii
and Aponurus laguncula were found parasitizing P. isosceles, P. patagonicus and X. rasile while the nematodes
Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus and Cucullanus bonaerensis were found parasitizing P. isosceles and
X. rasile and P. isosceles, P. patagonicus and X. rasile, respectively. Parasite indices of prevalence, mean intensity,
mean abundance, and range of infection, as well as infection site, were evaluated for each parasite species. This
study allowed to evidence the first occurrence of P. patagonicus by L. monticellii; X. rasile by A. laguncula and P. (S.)
halitrophus; and P. isosceles and P. patagonicus by C. bonaerensis in the Western South Atlantic Ocean
Median Tissue Culture Infectious Dose (TCID50) as a validated tool to measure antiviral activity in functionalized textiles
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Different Drugs, Same End: Ultrastructural Hallmarks of Autophagy in Pathogenic Protozoa
No full textProtozoan parasites interact with a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, representing one of the most common causes of parasitic diseases and an important public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The current treatment for these parasitic diseases remains unsatisfactory and, in some cases, very limited. Treatment limitations together with the increased resistance of the pathogens represent a challenge for the improvement of the patient’s quality of life. The continuous search for alternative preclinical drugs is mandatory, but the mechanisms of action of several of these compounds have not been described. Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the identification of drug targets in almost all cellular models. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis showed that several classes of antiparasitic compounds induced similar autophagic phenotypes in trypanosomatids, trichomonadids, and apicomplexan parasites as well as in Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba spp. with the presence of an increased number of autophagosomes as well as remarkable endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding different organelles. Autophagy is a physiological process of eukaryotes that maintains homeostasis by the self-digestion of nonfunctional organelles and/or macromolecules, limiting redundant and damaged cellular components. Here, we focus on protozoan autophagy to subvert drug effects, discussing its importance for successful chemotherapy
Final Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S
No full textBeatriz Grinsztejn - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. From Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Leiden, the Netherlands (J. Sadoff, G. Shukarev, J.C., G. Scheper, M.L.G., H.S., J.V.H., M.D.); the South African Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa (G.G.); Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium (A.V., C.T., I.V.D., B.S., J.V., M.F.R., K.H., J.R.-G., F.S.); Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA (V.C.); Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro (B.G.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (P.A.G.); Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring (M.L.R.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville (E.S., M.A.M.), and the Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.) - all in Maryland; the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Washington, DC (J.T.); the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (D.H.B.); the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle (L.C.); and Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ (J. Stoddard).Background: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was highly effective against severe-critical coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), hospitalization, and death in the primary phase 3 efficacy analysis.
Methods: We conducted the final analysis in the double-blind phase of our multinational, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in which adults were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive single-dose Ad26.COV2.S (5×1010 viral particles) or placebo. The primary end points were vaccine efficacy against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19 with onset at least 14 days after administration and at least 28 days after administration in the per-protocol population. Safety and key secondary and exploratory end points were also assessed.
Results: Median follow-up in this analysis was 4 months; 8940 participants had at least 6 months of follow-up. In the per-protocol population (39,185 participants), vaccine efficacy against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19 at least 14 days after administration was 56.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3 to 60.8; 484 cases in the vaccine group vs. 1067 in the placebo group); at least 28 days after administration, vaccine efficacy was 52.9% (95% CI, 47.1 to 58.1; 433 cases in the vaccine group vs. 883 in the placebo group). Efficacy in the United States, primarily against the reference strain (B.1.D614G) and the B.1.1.7 (alpha) variant, was 69.7% (95% CI, 60.7 to 76.9); efficacy was reduced elsewhere against the P.1 (gamma), C.37 (lambda), and B.1.621 (mu) variants. Efficacy was 74.6% (95% CI, 64.7 to 82.1) against severe-critical Covid-19 (with only 4 severe-critical cases caused by the B.1.617.2 [delta] variant), 75.6% (95% CI, 54.3 to 88.0) against Covid-19 leading to medical intervention (including hospitalization), and 82.8% (95% CI, 40.5 to 96.8) against Covid-19-related death, with protection lasting 6 months or longer. Efficacy against any severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was 41.7% (95% CI, 36.3 to 46.7). Ad26.COV2.S was associated with mainly mild-to-moderate adverse events, and no new safety concerns were identified.
Conclusions: A single dose of Ad26.COV2.S provided 52.9% protection against moderate to severe-critical Covid-19. Protection varied according to variant; higher protection was observed against severe Covid-19, medical intervention, and death than against other end points and lasted for 6 months or long