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Informativo Obha: alimentação saudável em tempos da pandemia por COVID-19
No full textInformativo elaborado pelo Observatório Brasileiro de Hábitos Alimentares (OBHA) com o propósito de compartilhar reflexões sobre este momento com o propósito de afirmar, construir e reconstruir ações de promoção a alimentação adequada e saudável para durante e após a pandemia do COVID-19
Memorial de formação ser residente: uma experiência inesquecível
No full textA partir das experiências vividas, das trocas diárias com colegas e pacientes, do aprendizado adquirido foi possível construir esse documento e assim mostrar para os leitores o quanto foi única essa vivência experimentada dia após dia nas Unidades de Saúde da família e tantos outros serviços pelos quais tive a oportunidade de acompanhar e participar das atividades oferecidas. Grandes foram os desafios enfrentados, os problemas e as barreiras a serem vencidas, mas a maturidade adquirida, a agregação de conhecimento, o crescimento pessoal e profissional vão além de qualquer situação complexa experimentada durante esse período
ENSP cria Protocolo de monitoramento de ocorrência de Covid-19 em comunidades
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação.Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, os próximos dois meses podem ser cruciais para o Brasil. Isso porque o país pode vir a sofrer aumento da incidência de doenças como a Covid-19, a gripe comum e a dengue. O crescimento de casos dessas enfermidades pode elevar o número de atendimentos e internações por quadros graves, sobrecarregando o sistema de saúde. Diante desse risco provocado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus, a ENSP elaborou um Protocolo que prevê ações de monitoramento de casos leves de Covid-19 e de vigilância ativa em comunidades. Em entrevista ao Informe ENSP, o pesquisador da Escola André Périssé falou sobre o documento, que será publicado em breve
Caracterização das alterações genômicas nos genes FMOD, GSTP1, KLK3, RNASEL, SRD5A2, XRCC1 e CASC8 no câncer de próstata
No full textO câncer de próstata (CaP) e a hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) são as patologias mais agressivas e frequentes em relação a próstata. Elas possuem etiologia multifatorial com ênfase para idade e fatores genéticos e têm altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação de alterações em genes candidatos com o risco de desenvolvimento do CaP e da HPB em amostra da população do Rio de Janeiro, além de avaliar o perfil de expressão in silico desses genes no CaP. As análises moleculares foram realizadas através do sequenciamento do gene FMOD e da análise do polimorfismos rs1695 (GSTP1), rs1058205 (KLK3), rs486907 (RNASEL), rs523349 (SRD5A2), rs25487 (XRCC1) e rs1447295 (CASC8) por meio das técnicas de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real e da PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Para a execução dessas análises foram extraídas amostras de sangue periférico de 100 indivíduos saudáveis, 49 pacientes com CaP e 135 com HPB. Nas análises in silico foram utilizados dados clínicos e de RNAseq de 496 amostras teciduais presentes no banco de dados The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). O rastreamento do FMOD revelou seis variantes presentes na amostra que incluem: três missense (rs139299015, rs115908597 e rs145901742), sendo duas dessas patogênicas, além de duas sinônimas (rs7543148 e rs77856193) e uma intrônica (rs1891180) As análises dos polimorfismos indicaram associações significativas entre o genótipo conjunto AG+GG do rs1695 (GSTP1) e o aumento do risco de CaP, tanto quando comparado com o controle quanto com a HPB (oddis rattio= 2,30; intervalo de confiança 95%= 1,12\20134,73 e OR= 3,36; IC 95%= 1,68\20136,71, respectivamente). Além disso, o alelo mutante G aumenta o risco de CaP em relação a HPB (OR= 1,80; IC 95%= 1,11\20132,94). O genótipo conjunto AA+AG do rs25487 (XRCC1) revelou estar associado com maior risco de HPB quando comparado com o controle (OR= 2,29; IC 95%= 1,31\20134,00) e o genótipo GG mostrou maior risco para CaP em relação a HPB (OR= 2,61; IC 95%= 1,33\20135,12). Para o rs1447295 (CASC8) encontramos associação significativa com o aumento do peso da próstata em indivíduos com HPB (p=0,04). Nas análises in silico, todos os genes apresentaram diferenças significativas no perfil de expressão entre os tecidos não-tumorais e tumorais de próstata. E nas comparações com os dados clínicos, o FMOD apresentou resultados interessantes, no qual a expressão se mostrou diminuída nos estágios mais avançados de CaP avaliados através dos parâmetros do antígeno específico da próstata (PSA) e do score de Gleason. Todos esses achados destacam a importância da contribuição da variação da linhagem germinativa do GSTP1 e do XRCC1 para o aumento do risco do CaP. Além de ter revelado informações pertinentes ao comportamento do perfil de expressão tecidual do FMOD e as características clínicas do CaP. Vale ressaltar que apesar das associações encontradas direcionando esses genes como fortes candidatos de suscetibilidade ao CaP, outros estudos são necessários para melhorar a compreensão do impacto das variações genômicas nessas doenças complexas.Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are the most aggressive and frequent prostate pathologies. They have multifactorial etiology with emphasis on age and genetic factors and have high rates of morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the association of alterations in candidate genes with the risk of developing PCa and BPH in a sample of the population of Rio de Janeiro, besides evaluating the in silico expression profile of these genes in PCa. Molecular analyzes were performed by sequencing the FMOD gene and by analyzing the rs1695 (GSTP1), rs1058205 (KLK3), rs486907 (RNASEL), rs523349 (SRD5A2), rs25487 (XRCC1) and rs1447295 (CASC8) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. To perform these analyzes, peripheral blood samples were extracted from 100 healthy individuals, 49 patients with PCa and 135 with BPH. In silico analyzes were used clinical and RNAseq data from 496 tissue samples present in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. FMOD screening revealed six variants present in the sample that include: three missense (rs139299015, rs115908597 and rs145901742), two of these pathogens, and two synonyms (rs7543148 and rs77856193) and one intronic (rs1891180). Polymorphism analyzes indicated significant associations between the rs1695 (GSTP1) joint AG + GG genotype and the increased risk of PCa, when compared with control and BPH (oddis rattio= 2.30; 95% confidence interval= 1.12\20134.73 and OR= 3.36, 95% CI= 1.68\20136.71, respectively) In addition, mutant G allele increases the risk of PCa relative to BPH (OR= 1.80; 95% CI= 1.11\20132.94). The rs25487 (XRCC1) joint AA + AG genotype was found to be associated with a higher risk of BPH compared to the control (OR= 2.29; 95% CI= 1.31\20134.00) and the GG genotype showed a higher risk for PCa compared to the BPH (OR= 2.61; 95% CI= 1.33\20135.12). For rs1447295 (CASC8) we found significant association with incresead prostate weight in individuals with BPH (p=0.04), we also found significant difference in color / race distribution of individuals with PCa and this polymorphism (p = 0.04). In silico analyzes, all genes showed significant differences in expression profile between non-tumor and tumor prostate tissues. And in comparisons with the clinical data, the FMOD presented interesting results, in which the expression was decreased in the most advanced stages of PCa evaluated through the prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score parameters. All these findings highlight the importance of the contribution of GSTP1 and XRCC1 germline variation to the increased risk of PCa. In addition to revealing information pertinent to the behavior of the FMOD tissue expression profile and the clinical characteristics of PCa. It is noteworthy that despite the associations found directing these genes as strong candidates for susceptibility to PCa, further studies are needed to improve understanding of the impact of genomic variations on these complex diseases
Fake news circularam na imprensa na epidemia de 1918
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação
Essential Oil of Croton ceanothifolius Baill. Potentiates the Effect of Antibiotics against Multiresistant Bacteria
No full textThis study is a pioneer in reporting the antibacterial properties of the species Croton ceanothifolius Baill. The genus Croton belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae composed of numerous species with documented biological activities. However, the pharmacological properties of C. ceanothifolius remain poorly understood. The leaves of this plant were submitted to hydrodistillation for essential oil (CcEO) extraction and the phytochemical characterization of the oil was performed by GC/MS. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the CcEO was determined for the evaluation of antibacterial activity against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic-modulating activity of the oil, in combination with antibiotics, was also evaluated. The combination of the CcEO with penicillin, norfloxacin, and gentamicin presented a synergistic effect. This effect was more significant for the association with antibiotics of the quinolone and aminoglycoside classes against Escherichia coli. The association of oil with gentamicin showed better results with regard to the Gram-positive strain. The association of the oil with norfloxacin against P. aeruginosa also showed synergism, but the association with penicillin did not change the effect of this antibiotic. Thus, it is concluded that C. ceanothifolius essential oil selectively potentiates the action of antibiotics against multiresistant strains
Meningococcal carriage in young adults six years after meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine catch-up campaign in Salvador, Brazil
No full textEthics Committee at the Gonçalo
Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ-BA (CAEE # 54392116.3.0000.0040) and
was conducted in accordance with good clinical practicesMeningococcal carriage studies are important to improve the knowledge of disease epidemiology as well as to support appropriate vaccination strategies. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and genotypic characteristics of meningococci collected from young adults in Salvador, Brazil six years after a meningococcal C conjugate vaccine catch-up campaign. From August through November 2016, oropharyngeal swabs were collected from 407 students aged 1824 years attending a private college in Salvador, Brazil. Neisseria meningitidis was identified by standard microbiology methods and real time PCR. Genetic characteristics of meningococci were assessed by rt-PCR and/or whole genome sequencing. We also investigated potential factors associated with carriage. N. meningitidis was detectable in 50 students, 39 by both culture and rt-PCR, 7 by culture alone and 4 by rt-PCR alone, resulting in an overall meningococcal carriage prevalence of 12.3% (50/407). Carriage was independently associated with male sex (adjusted PR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.12-3.46; p = 0.018) and attending bars or parties at least once per month (aPR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.49-7.38; p = 0.003). Molecular tests identified 92% (46/50) N. meningitidis as non-groupable, of which 63% (29/46) had the capsule null genotype; 14 NG isolates contained disrupted capsule backbones and belonged to the following genogroups: 7 B, 3 Z, 3 E and 1 W. One isolate belonged to genogroup C tested only by PCR; 3 isolates contained a complete B capsule backbones, 2 of which were determined to be NG by slide agglutination serogrouping. While most meningococcal carriage isolates were non-groupable, there was a high degree of genetic diversity present in the collection, as evidenced by 25 unique STs being detected. The carriage prevalence of meningococcal serogroup C was low among young adults. Continuous vaccination is important to maintain reduced meningococcal carriage and transmission, inducing herd protection
Nethis Informa
No full textBoletim informativo desenvolvido pelo Nethis/Fiocruz Brasília com os principais eventos e notícias. Edição publicada no dia 31/08/2020
